Modelación del agua subterránea en plantaciones de palma de aceite y pastizales mediante técnicas geofísicas

Se realizó una investigación durante la temporada de lluvias, con el objetivo de caracterizar mediante tomografía de resistividad eléctrica (TRE), la distribución del agua subterránea en tres áreas cultivadas con palma de aceite (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) de 5, 11 y 25 años de edad, y se compararon con pastizales aledaños. En cada área se realizaron 5 perfiles con arreglo dipolo-dipolo en dirección NE-SW, que abarcaron 40 metros de pastizal y 80 metros dentro de las plantaciones, con separación electródica de 5 metros, y 20 metros entre perfiles. A través de un resistivímetro Syscal Junior de IRIS INSTRUMENT, se calculó la distribución de la resistividad eléctrica de un gran número de medidas de resistividad aparente del subsuelo, que permitió generar una imagen eléctrica que muestra la distribución de la resistividad verdadera del subsuelo. En cada línea se realizó la inversión de datos a través del software Res2Dinv, para generar un modelo 2D, donde se observa un patrón de resistividad eléctrica de mayor a menor según la profundidad del terreno, lo que supone la presencia arenas, limos, aluviones, arcillas y gravas en toda el área. El nivel de la zona saturada es más profundo en las plantaciones de palma con respecto al pastizal, particularmente en plantaciones de 25 años. Se concluye que, a pesar de las lluvias de la temporada, la zona de saturación en el subsuelo es más profunda en plantaciones de palma de aceite que en pastizales, lo que sugiere que el cultivo abate más agua que los pastizales aledaños.

Estimación de la superficie cultivada de Palma Aceitera mediante interpretación visual de imágenes satelitales durante los años 2016-2020

Actualmente en el Perú no existe una cifra oficial sobre la cantidad exacta de hectáreas de palma aceitera (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), por ello, este trabajo apunta a generar información sobre el aumento del cultivo desde el año 2016 hasta el 2020, en las regiones de Ucayali, San Martín, Huánuco y Loreto, mediante la interpretación visual de las imágenes satelitales bianuales y mensuales pantropicales de Planet NICFI, junto con el uso del software QGIS 3.10.2 y la extensión (plugin) Planet. En total, se encontraron 85 122,95 ha en el año 2016; 86 866,18 ha en el año 2017; 91 357,80 ha en el año 2018; 94 656,40 ha en el año 2019 y 95 048,37 ha en el año 2020 en las 4 regiones estudiadas, siendo Ucayali la región con mayor cantidad de hectáreas de palma aceitera, con 44 077,82 ha para el año 2020, seguida de San Martín con 35 151,74 ha, Loreto con 13 568,94 ha y Huánuco con 2 249,87 ha. También se generó la información cartográfica sobre las 16 plantas de procesamiento de palma aceitera encontradas y finalmente, estos resultados se llevaron a una aplicación en Google Earth Engine para su divulgación.

Produksi dan karakterisasi selulosa mikrokristalin dari limbah batang kelapa sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) hasil replanting perkebunan

Selulosa mikrokristalin merupakan turunan dari selulosa atau selulosa yang dimodifikasi dalam skala mikro dengan ukuran panjang sekitar 10-200 µm yang bersifat kristalin. Batang kelapa sawit dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu alternatif produksi selulosa mikrokristalin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan selulosa mikrokristalin dari batang kelapa sawit dan mengetahui karakteristik setiap tahapan perlakuannya. Diperoleh selulosa mikrokristalin dengan kandungan selulosa yang berhasil ditingkatkan dari 31,11 ± 2,01% menjadi 84,35 ± 1,04%, hal ini sesuai dengan gugus puncak serapan FTIR dan seiring dengan penurunan kandungan lignin dan hemiselulosa. Analisa XRD menunjukkan terjadinya peningkatan kristalinitas dari MCC hingga 78% setelah melalui tahapan perlakuan kimia. Hasil SEM didapatkan MCC dengan panjang dan lebar sebesar 43,2 ± 19,6 µm dan 11,4 ± 8,1 µm dan menunjukkan terjadinya pemecahan komponen kompleks pada serat Raw batang kelapa sawit yang digambarkan dengan struktur dari permukaan yang menjadi lebih halus dan berbentuk fibril yang teratur. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, proses delignifikasi, pemutihan, dan hidrolisis asam secara bertahap berhasil memproduksi selulosa mikrokristalin dari batang kelapa sawit.

Antioxidative Activity of Wakouba, a Salt Extracted from Elaeis guineensis Jacq in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Background: Oxidative stress plays a major role in the chronic complications of diabetes, high blood pressure, cancer etc. free radicals such as superoxyde anions, hydrogen peroxides cause severe cell damage. The use of plants is increasingly recommended to treat diseases related to oxidative stress. Aims: This work aims to evaluate the antioxidant properties of Wakouba, a salt extracted from Elaeis guineensis Jacq on biochemical markers of oxidative stress. Place and Duration of Study: Pharmacodynamie-biochemical UPR, Biology and Health Laboratory and Department of Radiology, Services Institute of Medical Sciences (SIMS), Services Hospital Lahore, between March 2017 and July 2018. Materials and Methods: Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) by streptozotocin 55 mg / kg bw. The biochemical parameters such as insulin and glycemia, the activities and the level of markers of oxidative stress such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the aorta, heart and the kidney were determined in the absence and presence of different doses of WAKOUBA (1000 and 2500 mg / kg bw) and GLIBENCLAMIDE, a reference product at 10 and 20 mg / kg bw. Results: The results showed that the administration of streptozotocin at 55 mg / kg bw in rats caused a significant drop (P<0.05) in insulin production followed by a significant increase (P < 0.05) in blood glucose. Similarly, during diabetes, the activities, and levels of oxidative stress markers (SOD, CAT and MDA) increased significantly (P < 0.05). WAKOUBA, at 1000 and 2500 mg / kg bw, significantly normalized insulin production, blood sugar levels, SOD and CAT activities and MDA levels in the aorta, heart, and kidneys in diabetic rats. The same results were obtained with GLIBENCLAMIDE at 10 and 20 mg / kg bw. Conclusion: This study showed that WAKOUBA, a salt extracted from Elaeis guineensis Jacq, lowered and normalized the activities of SOD, CAT and the level of MDA which are markers of oxidative stress in rats made diabetic by streptozocin. WAKOUBA also normalized insulin production and blood sugar levels in diabetic rats. WAKOUBA would have antioxidant properties coupled with antidiabetic properties, which might support its use in traditional medicine to treat diabetes.

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) micropropagation via somatic embryogenesis from female inflorescences explants

The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a perennial woody oil crop in the Arecaceae family. Oil palm is well known for a long regeneration time, therefore, in vitro propagation received great enthusiasm from oil palm industries. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) has become one of the most promising clonal propagation techniques in recent times. This study was aimed to determine a protocol for micropropagation somatic embryogenesis from female inflorescences explants of oil palm. The explant used was obtained from the female inflorescences of the oil palm 2.5 years old Tenera variety. The basal media used was Y3 with the addition of the hormone 2,4-D with different concentrations (33,66,99 and 132 mg/L). Callus initiation was formed in 99 mg/L and 132 mg/L 2,4 – D concentration with the basal area and the percentage of callus formation is 31,25% and embryogenic callus was formed from primary callus development in the basal area of female florescence. Embryo somatic induction with cell suspension culture, because the liquid medium is more efficiently used in commercial-scale propagation. The embryogenic callus phase which is generally used in liquid medium is the nodular phase because it is still meristematic so that the potential for cell division is still high and can increase the percentage of embryogenic callus.

Intensitas dan Persentase Serangan Beberapa Penyakit Utama Pada Tanaman Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Desa Tebing Tinggi Kecamatan Mara Sebo Ulu Kabupaten Batanghari

This research was carried out in smallholder oil palm plantations in Tebing Tinggi Village, Mara Sebo District, Batanghari Regency from March to June 2021. The purpose of the study was to observe the diseases that exist in oil palm plantations, the percentage and intensity of the disease attacks. This study used a survey method with random sampling at 3 locations of smallholder plantations in Tebing Tinggi village, namely 20 sample plants from each garden. Observe all plants and count how many are symptomatic of the disease. Then calculated the percentage and intensity of disease attacks. Samples of diseased plants were taken and wrapped in damp newspapers for identification at the Unbari Basic Laboratory. The results showed that in Tebing Tinggi village, Mara Sebo Ulu district, the highest percentage of Curvularia leaf spot disease caused by the fungus Curvularia sp was found in P2 area at 40%, Drechslera leaf spot disease attack caused by Drechslera sp fungus was highest in P2 land. by 35%, and the highest attack of crown disease (Crown Disease) caused by the fungus Fusarium sp. was found in P3 land by 20%. The intensity of disease attacks found in Tebing Tinggi Village, namely, the intensity of the attack of Curvularia Leaf Spot disease caused by the fungus Curvularia sp in Tebing Tinggi village was 28.75%, the intensity of Drecshlera Leaf Spot disease caused by Drechslera sp fungus was 26.25% and Crown disease crown disease is 6.6%.