soil structural stability
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Geoderma ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 406 ◽  
pp. 115463
Author(s):  
Jianying Qi ◽  
Johannes L. Jensen ◽  
Bent T. Christensen ◽  
Lars J. Munkholm

2022 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 149886
Author(s):  
Yiguo Ran ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Shengjun Wu ◽  
Wenjuan Li ◽  
Kai Zhu ◽  
...  

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2101
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mofizur Rahman Jahangir ◽  
Shanta Islam ◽  
Tazbeen Tabara Nitu ◽  
Shihab Uddin ◽  
Abul Kalam Mohammad Ahsan Kabir ◽  
...  

The impacts of integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) in conservation agriculture need short-term evaluation before continuation of its long-term practice. A split-split plot experiment with tillage (minimum tillage, MT vs. conventional tillage, CT) as the main plot, residue (20% residue, R vs. no residue as a control, NR) as the sub-plot, and compost (Trichocompost, LC; bio-slurry, BS; and recommended fertilization, RD) as the sub-sub plot treatment was conducted for two consecutive years. Composite soils were collected after harvesting the sixth crop of an annual mustard-rice-rice rotation to analyze for nutrient distribution and soil structural stability. The LC increased rice equivalent yield by 2% over RD and 4% over BS, and nitrogen (N) uptake by 11% over RD and 10% over BS. Likewise, LC had higher soil organic carbon (SOC), N, and available sulphur (S) than BS and RD. Conversion of CT to MT reduced rice equivalent yield by 11%, N uptake by 26%, and N-use efficiency by 28%. Conversely, soil structural stability and elemental quality was greater in MT than in CT, indicating the potential of MT to sequester C, N, P, and S in soil aggregates. Residue management increased rice yield in the second year by 4% and corresponding N uptake by 8%. While MT reduced the yield, our results suggest that ISFM with Trichocompost and residue retention under MT improves soil fertility and physical stability to sustain crop productivity.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Stegarescu ◽  
Endla Reintam ◽  
Tõnu Tõnutare

<p>Cover crops are widely known for their capacity to improve the soil biological properties and soil structural stability. Nevertheless, the cover crop residues quantity necessary to improve these soil properties is not yet really known. A 30-day incubation experiment was conducted to explore the effect of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) residues (ORR) as a cover crop on the soil aggregate stability of sandy loam soil. The fresh ORR was mixed with the soil at different rates starting from 1.0 to 6.0 g C kg<sup>-1</sup> of soil. The experiment consisted of five treatments: bulk soil (I), soil mixed with ORR at a rate of 1 g C kg<sup>-1</sup> of soil (II), soil mixed with ORR at a rate of 2 g C kg<sup>-1</sup> of soil (III), soil mixed with ORR at a rate of 4 g C kg<sup>-1</sup> of soil (IV), soil mixed with ORR at a rate of 6 g C kg<sup>-1</sup> of soil (V). During 30 days of incubation the soil moisture, soil water stable aggregates, and microbial substrate induced respiration rates were measured. The aggregate stability significantly increased after 30 days only in the treatment with 1 g C kg<sup>-1</sup> of soil. In turn, the ORR applied at a rate of 6 g C kg<sup>-1</sup> of soil significantly decreased the soil aggregate stability. The higher the ORR addition rate the lower was the soil basal respiration and substrate induced respiration. The general conclusion was that the higher quantity of ORR increased the soil moisture which subsequently created unfavorable conditions for the soil microbial activity and led to soil aggregate stability degradation. However, this conclusion must be validated in a field study where the soil moisture and temperature conditions are much more variable compared to our incubation experiment.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Tozer ◽  
Grant Douglas ◽  
Mike Dodd ◽  
Karin Müller

Steep, uncultivable hill country below 1,000 m comprises about 40% of New Zealand's land surface area. Hill country farmers require options to increase the resilience of their farms to climatic and economic extremes while addressing soil conservation and water quality issues. We profile and discuss two options that can assist in transforming hill country. The first comprises a simple approach to grazing management in hill country pastures to increase pasture resilience and the second approach focuses on including selected forage shrubs (and trees) to create grazed pasture-shrublands. Deferred grazing, the cessation of grazing from flowering until seed dispersal of the desirable species in a pasture, is an old practice which has novel applications to improve resilience of hill country farming systems. We draw on current research and practitioner experience to demonstrate the impact of deferred grazing on the resilience of the deferred pasture and the farm system. We propose that deferred grazing will: (i) increase resilience of a pasture by enabling it to better recover from biotic and abiotic stresses and (ii) reduce the risk of nutrient and sediment losses in hill country by increasing ground cover, rooting depth and soil structural stability. Introducing woody forage shrubs into hill country pastures is another option that can improve farm profitability and resilience to current and future economic and climatic variabilities. The extensive root networks of shrubs can increase soil structural stability and reduce the risk of soil erosion. In addition, shrubs can supply many other ecosystem services, such as forage and shelter for livestock. In this paper, we discuss: (i) the potential benefits of a grazed pasture-shrubland at farm, landscape and national scales; (ii) candidate woody exotic and indigenous forage species; and (iii) priorities for research.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1407
Author(s):  
Amrakh I. Mamedov ◽  
Atsushi Tsunekawa ◽  
Nigussie Haregeweyn ◽  
Mitsuru Tsubo ◽  
Haruyuki Fujimaki ◽  
...  

Soil structural stability is a vital aspect of soil quality and functions, and of maintaining sustainable land management. The objective of this study was to compare the contribution of four long-term land-use systems (crop, bush, grass, and forest) coupled with anionic polyacrylamide (PAM = 0, 25, and 200 mg L−1) application on the structural stability of soils in three watersheds of Ethiopia varying in elevation. Effect of treatments on soil structural stability indices were assessed using the high energy moisture characteristic (HEMC, 0–50 hPa) method, which provides (i) water retention model parameters α and n, and (ii) soil structure index (SI). Soil (watershed), land use and PAM treatments had significant effects on the shape of the water retention curves (α, n) and SI, with diverse changes in the macropore sizes (60–250; >250 μm). Soil organic carbon (SOC) content and SI were strongly related to soil pH, CaCO3 soil type-clay mineralogy, exchangeable Ca2+, and Na+ (negatively). The order of soil SI (0.013–0.064 hPa−1) and SOC (1.4–8.1%) by land use was similar (forest > grass > bush > cropland). PAM effect on increasing soil SI (1.2–2.0 times), was inversely related to SOC content, being also pronounced in soils from watersheds of low (Vertisol) and medium (Luvisol) elevation, and the cropland soil from high (Acrisol) elevation. Treating cropland soils with a high PAM rate yielded greater SI (0.028–0.042 hPa−1) than untreated bush- and grassland soils (0.021–0.033 hPa−1). For sustainable management and faster improvement in soil physical quality, soil properties, and land-use history should be considered together with PAM application.


Author(s):  
Reeves M. Fokeng ◽  
Zephania N. Fogwe

Highland triggers of soil physical degradation through the fragilisation of soil aggregates are primarily factors of soil biochemistry and anthropogenic mishandling of land resources. Soil degradation forms are challenging the sustenance of human systems on earth. This study probes into soil physical degradation and exposure to external stressors using 60 soil samples collected and analysed for soil aggregate stability, vulnerability and erodibility to determine soil structural stability/resilient capacity. The soils were found to be stable in structure, but highly vulnerable to stress and erodible. Coarse-granitic sandy soils just as the less evolved erosion soils of the eastern slopes of the plateau were proven to be most erodible and vulnerable to physical degradation. Soil Structural Stability Index (ISS) was very low (≤ 4.3%: severe physical degradation) for disturbed soils under grazing with similar tendencies on cultivated humid volcanic soils. High erosion vulnerability/erodibility soils are indicative of low organic matter and organic carbon content issuant of heavy and uncontrolled grazing, annual biomass burning and long-term cropping without soil improvement schemes which calls for guided land use practices over the Bui Plateau.


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