An Elastic Collision Seeker Optimization Algorithm for Optimization Constrained Engineering Problems

To improve the seeker optimization algorithm (SOA), an elastic collision seeker optimization algorithm (ECSOA) was proposed. The ECSOA evolves some individuals in three situations: completely elastic collision, completely inelastic collision, and non-completely elastic collision. These strategies enhance the individuals’ diversity and avert falling into the local optimum. The ECSOA is compared with the particle swarm optimization (PSO), the simulated annealing and genetic algorithm (SA_GA), the gravitational search algorithm (GSA), the sine cosine algorithm (SCA), the multiverse optimizer (MVO), and the seeker optimization algorithm (SOA); then, fifteen benchmark functions, four PID control parameter models, and six constrained engineering optimization problems were selected for the experiment. According to the experimental results, the ECSOA can be used in the benchmark functions, the PID control parameter optimization, and the optimization constrained engineering problems. The optimization ability and robustness of ECSOA are better.

Формирование наноразмерных пленок золота в условиях многократного автооблучения при ионно-лучевом осаждении

Gold films with a thickness of several tens of nanometers were obtained on silicon and quartz substrates by ion-beam deposition – sputtering. It is shown that the predominant lateral growth of nanoscale metal layers along the substrate surface occurs under exposure to the high-energy component of the sputtered atoms flux. The decisive role in the nanometer gold film for-mation is played by the elastic collision of sputtered metal atoms with atoms of the substrate and the growing film. The application of the manifold deposition – sputtering operation allows sup-pressing the grain formation process and obtaining gold films with better characteristics than those with a single deposition.

Negative Mass: الكتلة السالبة

This article presents a physical model, which describes the ideas of special relativity, in a more rational, logical, simple and understandable manner, while using basic mathematical tools. The model is based on Albert Einstein’s formula, which describes the “rest” energy of a body with mass m, given by the formula E = mc2. Based on this formula, and in accordance with the theory of special relativity, we present here a model of a body, moving at a constant velocity in space with speed equal to the speed of light in space-time, determined by an “energy angle” and negative mass. This model also presents a method for creating negative mass, a calculating method for the relative velocity, and a method for calculating energy and momentum, in a completely elastic collision and plastic collision, differing from contemporary nowadays methods, using classical and modern physics. In addition, the new model solves better the problems and paradoxes known in special relativity physics, such as the Twin Paradox and others. All this in Part 1, in Part 2 we will discuss the application of the model to the body under the influence of gravitational forces and in Part 3 we will see how phenomena in quantum physics can be explained according to the same model.

Approximation Solution for the Zener Impact Theory

Collisions can be classified as completely elastic or inelastic. Collision mechanics theory has gradually developed from elastic to inelastic collision theories. Based on the Hertz elastic collision contact theory and Zener inelastic collision theory model, we derive and explain the Hertz and Zener collision theory model equations in detail in this study and establish the Zener inelastic collision theory, which is a simple and fast calculation of the approximate solution to the nonlinear differential equations of motion. We propose an approximate formula to obtain the Zener nonlinear differential equation of motion in a simple manner. The approximate solution determines the relevant values of the collision force, material displacement, velocity, and contact time.

The Soliton Solutions and Long-Time Asymptotic Analysis for a General Coupled KdV Equation

A general coupled KdV equation, which describes the interactions of two long waves with different dispersion relation, is considered. By employing the Hirota’s bilinear method, the bilinear form is obtained, and the one-soliton solution and two-soliton solution are constructed. Moreover, the elasticity of the collision between two solitons is proved by analyzing the asymptotic behavior of the two-soliton solution. Some figures are displayed to illustrate the process of elastic collision.

An efficient two-layer landslide-tsunami numerical model: effects of momentum transfer validated with physical experiments of waves generated by granular landslides

The generation of a tsunami by a landslide is a complex phenomenon that involves landslide dynamics, wave dynamics and their interaction. Numerous lives and infrastructures around the world are threatened by this phenomenon. Predictive numerical models are a suitable tool to assess this natural hazard. However, the complexity of this phenomenon causes such models to be either computationally inefficient or unable to handle the overall process. Our model, which is based on shallow-water equations, has been developed to address these two problems. In our model, the two materials are treated as two different layers, and their interaction is resolved by momentum transfer inspired by elastic collision principles. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the validity of our model through benchmark tests based on physical experiments performed by Miller et al. (2017). A dry case is reproduced to validate the behaviour of the landslide propagation model using different rheological laws and to determine which law performs best. In addition, a wet case is reproduced to investigate the influence of different still-water levels on both the landslide deposit and the generated waves. The numerical results are in good agreement with the physical experiments, thereby confirming the validity of our model, particularly concerning the novel momentum transfer approach.

Electron Matter-Waves as Electromagnetically Induced Crystal Oscillator Effects

The famed Davisson-Germer Experiments demonstrated the wave phenomenon of electrons similarly to X-Ray scattering from Sir Lawrence Bragg’s X-ray experimentations on crystals c. 1913. Their empirical deduction of electrons behaving as waves (i.e. oscillatory) ignores the possibility of an electron beam behaving harmonically upon elastic collision with a diffraction grating - represented by nickel crystal - in their experiment. However, it is well established in the electrical engineering science that crystals possess piezoelectric effects and are used ubiquitously in electronic circuit designs for causing stable harmonic oscillation responses to direct current voltages. In light of this, the current mathematical model proposes the Davisson-Germer results to be the effect of a nickel crystal oscillator circuit which amplifies a direct voltage source – the electron beam – causing the phenomenon of inductance from the resultant electrical feedback with the crystal atom’s electromagnetic field.