Las Bambas outcome will impact Peru mining sentiment

Significance By suspending output at Las Bambas, Chinese consortium MMG raised the stakes in a long-running conflict, putting pressure on the Castillo government to act to lift blockages on the road leading to port. The temporary lifting of roadblocks marks a precarious truce. Impacts The dispute at Las Bambas reflects the weakness of the state's presence on the ground in remote parts of the highlands. A lengthy suspension at Las Bambas will send negative signals to other miners seeking to invest in Peru. A clampdown on protest will accentuate political tensions in southern Peru.

An Intriguing New Species of Sanchezia (Acanthaceae) from Southeastern Peru

Abstract— Sanchezia dubia is described and illustrated as a new species from the department of Madre de Dios in southeastern Peru. Its morphology slightly resembles Sanchezia sprucei, but its most remarkable feature is its close similarity to Suessenguthia, even more so than to those of its own genus. This new species is distinguished from others by its glabrous stem and leaves, its inflorescence containing two to five serial cymose heads, which are sessile to short-pedunculate, with mostly two to four flowers each (occasionally one), its inner bracts ranging in length between 6 and 23 mm, and its androecium composed of two stamens and two mucronate staminodes. We suggest it is an endangered species based on its restricted geographic distribution, its few known populations, and the increasing threats to its habitats. Along with Suessenguthia koessleri, this new species seems to be a key taxon to understanding the phylogenetic relationship between these two genera, which is still uncertain. Additionally, we provide a key to identify the Sanchezia and Suessenguthia species of the Madre de Dios River basin from southern Peru to northern Bolivia.

Geo-hydrological Risk Awareness and Disaster Preparedness in a Mountainous Area of Southern Peru Vulnerable to Disaster

Disaster risk management involves reducing disaster damage to homes, critical infrastructure and the interruption of basic services and developing their resilience. This work analyzes the perception of geohydrological risk by the population living or working in the town of Cuyocuyo (southern Peru), which was affected in previous years by events of landslides, debris flow and floods. In order to analyze the effect of the social perception of geohydrological risk on disaster preparedness in areas under threat from landslides and debris flow, a survey was applied to 65 adult heads of household. The method for estimating results was logit regression. The results show the following: First, the preparation through the acquisition of items necessary to avoid the impact of the disaster is related to indicators of perception of disaster risk and the age of the population. Second, the knowledge and prevention of disaster mitigation significantly depends on indicators of dependency of the place and the affection of the place. Third, the participation of households in trainings and drills to prevent disasters organized by the government depends significantly on the indicators of the perception of probability of the disaster, threat of disaster risk and the identity of the place and Fourth, the modification and reinforcement of the buildings of the settlers depends positively on the dependence of the place.

Use of Gas Emulsion in Blasting Project for Clearing in a Copper Mine in Southern Peru

The gasifiable emulsion is a technological and productive response to the need to reduce operating costs in the mining project, among the improvements with respect to ANFO are a higher detonation velocity (VOD), better fragmentation and reduction of nitrous fumes. In the test mining operation, a commercial explosive mixture called "Q "73 (70% emulsion and 30% ANFO) is used, where the ANFO is composed of 97% ammonium nitrate and 3% diesel, and the explosive mixture "Q "82 (80% emulsion and 20% ANFO) is also used, 7 blasting processes were carried out with a diameter of 12.25 in. in a waste area, the most characteristic rocks found in the blasting project in the copper mine in southern Peru are Toba Cristal (TC), Andesite Basaltic Propylitic (BA-PRO), Andesite Basaltic Argillic (BA-ARG). The results obtained show a reduction of the Power Factor by 1.32%, with respect to the commercial mixtures "Q "73 and "Q "82 an optimum increase in the detonation velocity of 9.92% and 0.59% was obtained, also the high-resolution images of the fumes after blasting indicate a low presence of orange fumes taking a great relevance in the mining sector on a large scale, achieving better results in the blasting phase.

Impacto económico de la minería en el Perú

Objetivo: El siguiente estudio tuvo como objetivo principal describir el impacto económico de la minería en el Perú, desde 1960 hasta la actualidad. Método: El estudio que se ha ejercido es de clase descriptiva y correlacional no experimental, pues se ha recopilado información de distintas fuentes principalmente del MINEM, y distintas fuentes secundarias, lo que incluye también fuentes históricas para conocer la realidad del sector minero a través de las últimas seis décadas. Resultados: Se ha encontrado que los minerales, sobre todo el oro, el cobre y el zinc han sido los minerales más producidos, siendo el hierro el mineral más producido, seguido del cobre y el zinc. Además, que actualmente Latinoamérica, tiene grandes producciones de minerales. Además de que al analizar la empresa Southern Perú, se haya que ha obtenido una ganancia mayor a los US$ 7000 millones por la venta de minerales, cantidad que es mucho mayor a sus costos que no alcanzaban los S/. 3900 millones de soles. Conclusiones: Se concluye que el impacto económico por parte del sector minero ha sido positivo, pues la aportación que ha tenido este en el PBI sobrepasa el 11% de este. Objective: The following study had as its main objective to describe the economic impact of mining in Peru during the 1960s to the present. Method: The study that has been carried out is of a descriptive and non-experimental correlational class, since information has been collected from different sources, mainly the MINEM, and different secondary sources, which also includes historical sources to know the reality of the mining sector through the last six decades. Results: It has been found that minerals, especially gold, copper and zinc, have been the most produced minerals, iron being the most produced mineral, followed by copper and zinc. In addition, Latin America currently has large mineral productions. In addition to analyzing the Southern Peru company, it has been obtained a profit greater than US $ 7,000 million from the sale of minerals, an amount that is much higher than its costs that did not reach S /. 3.9 billion soles. Conclusions: It is concluded that the economic impact by the mining sector has been positive, since the contribution that this has had in the GDP exceeds 11% this.

Seabird temporal composition, abundance and habitat use in Punta La Metalera (Arequipa, Southern Peru)

Islands, islets, and guano capes provide a unique variety of habitats for seabirds. Their variability determines the structure and dynamics of the community. Studies about the temporal diversity and habitat use of these systems in southern Peru are lacking. The aim of this study was to analyze the abundance, composition, and behavior of seabirds at Punta La Metalera (El Faro) in the province of Islay in the Arequipa region of southern Peru. We recorded a total of 12 species. One of these is endemic to the Peruvian coast (Cinclodes taczanowskii), one is considered in endangered (Spheniscus humboldti), and four have been assigned near threatened status (Phalacrocorax gaimardi, Pelecanus thagus, Sula variegata and Larosterna inca). Some of these birds belong to the guano bird group. Laridae was the most abundant family due to Larosterna inca, which showed the highest number of individuals. Temporal variation showed that species were most abundant in December and January. The habitat was mainly used for resting, preening, and feeding. However, nesting was also recorded for six species. Based on the little information previously available for this region our findings indicate that Punta La Metalera is an important area for the development and reproduction of some of the species recorded.

Pristimantis achupalla sp. n., a new minute species of direct-developing frog (Amphibia, Anura, Strabomantidae) inhabiting bromeliads of the montane forest of the Amazonian Andes of Puno, Peru

We describe a new species of bromeliad-dwelling Pristimantis from primary montane forest (2,225 m a.s.l.) in southern Peru. The type locality is near Thiuni, in the Department of Puno (province of Carabaya) in the upper watershed of a tributary of the Inambari River. Pristimantis achupalla sp. n. is characterized by a snout-vent length of 10.0–12.8 mm in adult males (n = 4), unknown in adult females, and is compared morphologically and genetically with species in the Pristimantis lacrimosus group, and with other similar species of Pristimantis. The new species is characterized by having skin on dorsum and flanks rugose, green brownish color, distinctive scapular folds, subacuminate or acuminate snout profile, upper eyelid bearing two or three subconical tubercles and some rounded tubercles, rostral papilla, flanks light brown to brown, with irregular dark brown marks.