Comprehensive Proteomic Analysis of Colon Cancer Tissue Revealed the Reason for the Worse Prognosis of Right-Sided Colon Cancer and Mucinous Colon Cancer at the Protein Level

To clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the poor prognosis of right-sided and mucinous colon cancer at the proteomic level. A tandem mass tag-proteomics approach was used to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in colon carcinoma tissues from different locations and with different histological types to reveal the underlying mechanisms of these differences at the protein level. In additional, the DEPs were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. The proteomics profiles among colon cancers with different tumor locations and histological types were dramatically distinguished. In terms of tumor locations, the right-sided carcinoma specific DEPs may promote the tumor progression via activating inflammation, metastasis associated pathways. When referring to histological types, the mucinous colon cancers perhaps increased the invasion and metastasis through distinct mechanisms in different tumor locations. For mucinous cancer located in right-sided colon, the mucinous specific DEPs were mainly associated with ECM-related remodeling and the IL-17 signal pathway. For mucinous cancer located in left-sided colon, the mucinous specific DEPs showed a strong relationship with ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/MasR axis. The proteomics profiles of colon cancers showed distinct differences related to locations and histological types. These results suggested a distinct mechanism underlying the diverse subtypes of colon cancers.

Changes in the Concentration of Markers Participating in the Regulation of the Apoptosis Receptor Pathway Involving Soluble Tumour Necrosis Factor Ligand Inducing Apoptosis (sTRAIL) and Osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the Serum of Women with Ovarian Cancer—Participation in Pathogenesis or a Possible Clinical Use?

Due to the ability to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells, the most interesting target for clinical research is the tumour necrosis factor ligand inducing apoptosis (TRAIL), which binds specific receptors, including osteoprotegerin (OPG). The aim of the study was to analyse the concentration of soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL) and OPG in the serum of women with serous or mucinous ovarian cancer, taking into account different levels of cancer histological differentiation. The group included 97 women with the diagnosed Cystadenocarcinoma papillare serosum IIIc and Cystadenocarcinoma mucinosum IIIc. Concentrations of parameters were measured by ELISA. Analysis of the obtained results showed a statistically significantly higher concentration of sTRAIL and OPG in the serum of women with ovarian serous and mucinous cancer compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). Statistical significance was found between sTRAIL and OPG concentration in G1 and G3 serous cancer (p < 0.01) and in OPG mucinous cancer between G1 and G3 (p < 0.01) and G2 and G3 (p < 0.01). An important role in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer is played by disorders of the apoptosis process involving the sTRAIL/OPG system, which are associated with the histological type and the degree of histological differentiation of the tumour. Determining the concentration of tested parameters in combination with other markers may be useful in the future in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer, but that requires further research.