A relational tsetlin machine with applications to natural language understanding

Tsetlin machines (TMs) are a pattern recognition approach that uses finite state machines for learning and propositional logic to represent patterns. In addition to being natively interpretable, they have provided competitive accuracy for various tasks. In this paper, we increase the computing power of TMs by proposing a first-order logic-based framework with Herbrand semantics. The resulting TM is relational and can take advantage of logical structures appearing in natural language, to learn rules that represent how actions and consequences are related in the real world. The outcome is a logic program of Horn clauses, bringing in a structured view of unstructured data. In closed-domain question-answering, the first-order representation produces 10 × more compact KBs, along with an increase in answering accuracy from 94.83% to 99.48%. The approach is further robust towards erroneous, missing, and superfluous information, distilling the aspects of a text that are important for real-world understanding

On the State Approach Representations of Convolutional Codes over Rings of Modular Integers

In this study, we prove the existence of minimal first-order representations for convolutional codes with the predictable degree property over principal ideal artinian rings. Further, we prove that any such first-order representation leads to an input/state/output representation of the code provided the base ring is local. When the base ring is a finite field, we recover the classical construction, studied in depth by J. Rosenthal and E. V. York. This allows us to construct observable convolutional codes over such rings in the same way as is carried out in classical convolutional coding theory. Furthermore, we prove the minimality of the obtained representations. This completes the study of the existence of input/state/output representations of convolutional codes over rings of modular integers.

Tomographic PIV investigation of vortex shedding topology for a cantilevered circular cylinder

The wake of a finite wall-mounted circular cylinder of diameter $D$ and height $H$ is investigated for aspect ratios $3\leq H/D \leq 7$ and boundary layer thickness of $\delta /D \approx 0.98$ using tomographic particle image velocimetry. The Reynolds number based on $D$ is $Re = 750$ . The mean wake topology is related to the evolution of the periodically shed vortices, educed from a low-order representation based on proper orthogonal decomposition of the three-dimensional velocity field. The main topological features are an arch vortex, defining the recirculating base region, and a quadrupole structure consisting of two pairs of opposite-sign vorticity concentrations extending downstream behind the obstacle-free end and wall junction. The quadrupole is the time-averaged signature of shed vortices. Vortex-tilting terms in the base region act to reorient flow-normal vorticity components streamwise, resulting in the reorientation of the ends of vortices initially shed parallel to the cylinder side walls. Through the action of the vortex-stretching terms, the bent ends connect successive vortices in a continuous chain. The influence of $H/D$ on the development of the quadrupole is characterized. The results demonstrate that the quadrupole in the mean field emerges as an imprint of the shed full-loop structures. This work reconciles mean and instantaneous interpretations satisfying the solenoidal condition on the vorticity field.

EXPRESS: Temporal grouping effects in verbal and musical short-term memory: Is serial order representation domain-general?

The question of the domain-general versus domain-specific nature of the serial order mechanisms involved in short-term memory is currently under debate. The present study aimed at addressing this question through the study of temporal grouping effects in short-term memory tasks with musical material, a domain which has received little interest so far. The goal was to determine whether positional coding—currently the best account of grouping effect in verbal short-term memory—represents a viable mechanism to explain grouping effects in the musical domain. In a first experiment, non-musicians performed serial reconstruction of 6-tone sequences, where half of the sequences was grouped by groups of three items and the other half presented at a regular pace. The overall data pattern suggests that temporal grouping exerts on tone sequences reconstruction the same effects as in the verbal domain, except for ordering errors which were not characterized by the typical increase of interpositions. This pattern has been replicated in two additional experiments with verbal material, using the same grouping structure as in the musical experiment. The findings support that verbal and musical short-term memory domains are characterized by similar temporal grouping effects for the recall of 6-item lists grouped by three, but it also suggests the existence of boundary condition to observe an increase of interposition errors predicted by positional theories.

Laguerre-Gramian-based structure-preserving model order reduction for second-order form systems

A new structure-preserving model order reduction technique based on Laguerre-Gramian for second-order form systems is presented in this article. The main task of the proposed approach is to use the Laguerre polynomial expansion of the matrix exponential function to obtain the approximate low-rank decomposition of the Gramians for the equivalent first-order representation of the original second-order form system. The approximate balanced system is generated by a balancing transformation which is directly computed from the expansion coefficients of impulse responses in the space spanned by Laguerre polynomials, without computing the full Gramians for the first-order representation. Then, the reduced second-order model is constructed by truncating the states with small approximate Hankel singular values (HSVs). The above method has a disadvantage that it may unexpectedly result in unstable systems although the original one is stable. Therefore, modified reduction procedure combined with the dominant subspace projection method is presented to alleviate the limitation. Finally, two numerical experiments are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithms.

Generic Noninteger Order Controller for Time-Delay Systems

This paper focuses on the problem of fractional controller P I stabilization for a first-order time-delay systems. For this reason, we utilize the Hermite–Biehler and Pontryagin theorems to compute the complete set of the stabilizing P I λ parameters. The widespread industrial utilization of PID controllers and the potentiality of their noninteger order representation justify a timely interest in P I λ tuning techniques. Step responses are calculated through K p , K i , l a m b d a parameters inside and outside stability region to prove the method efficiency.

Fashion, Feminisme dan Hubungan Internasional : Perdebatan dalam Literatur

Artikel ini akan membahas bagaimana fashion dikaji melalui kaca mata feminis dalam studi Hubungan Internasional. Artikel ini hadir dengan melihat fashion sebagai salah satu produk dari pop culture, telah berperan signifikan dalam mendorong upaya pencapaian kepentingan suatu aktor politik—terutama sebagai alat konstruksi identitas. Kajian ini juga mendorong perkembangan kajian mengenai pop culture dalam studi Hubungan Internasional. Bahasan dibuka dengan menyajikan perdebatan literatur mengenai fashion dan feminisme. kemudian dilanjut dengan bagaimana narasi perdebatan tersebut dijabarkan dalam konteks Hubungan Internasional. Selanjutnya, melihat masalah fashion, feminisme dan Hubungan Internasional dalam konteks Indonesia dari segi produksi dan konsumsi. Artikel ini menawarkan perspektif baru dalam melihat fashion sebagai second-order representation dari politik internasional yang berdampak pada isu di ranah domestik.