Clinical Features and Treatment Response to Differentiate Idiopathic Peritonitis From Non-strangulating Intestinal Infarction Associated With Strongylus Vulgaris Infection in the Horse

Background: Peritonitis in horses secondary to non-strangulating infarction (NSII) has a grave prognosis, even after intestinal resection. In contrast, horses with idiopathic peritonitis respond well to medical treatment. Affected horses in both cases often show signs of both colic and systemic inflammation, but early diagnosis is crucial for optimal treatment and an accurate prognosis. One cause of NSII is thrombus formation secondary to Strongylus vulgaris larval migration. There has been a documented increase in S. vulgaris prevalence in Sweden since the implementation of selective anthelmintic treatment in 2007, which subsequently could result in a rise in NSII cases. In a retrospective clinical study, medical records from cases diagnosed with NSII or idiopathic peritonitis from three equine referral hospitals in Sweden during 2017-2020 were reviewed. Information including demographic data, relevant medical history, and clinical- and laboratory parameters were obtained from patient records. To facilitate the differentiation between cases of idiopathic peritonitis and cases with confirmed NSII, the aim of the study was to compare clinical and laboratory parameters, clinical progression and initial response to antimicrobial treatment as well as survival-rates.Results: Horses with NSII (n = 20) were significantly more likely to present during the winter months with a poorer response to medical treatment within 48 hours. Cases of idiopathic peritonitis (n = 115) had a 99.1 % survival rate with medical treatment. In comparison, all confirmed NSII cases were non-responsive to antimicrobial treatment and had a low survival rate (25%) with surgical treatment. Specific rectal findings and peripheral blood neutropenia were strongly associated with NSII. Conclusions: In Sweden, idiopathic peritonitis cases still predominate over S. vulgaris associated NSII cases and have an excellent survival rate with antimicrobial treatment. However, horses presenting with septic peritonitis during the winter months with a palpable rectal mass and continuing fever and colic signs beyond 48 hours of medical treatment are likely to suffer from NSII and should be considered for abdominal surgery.

Prevalensi dan Faktor Risiko Infeksi Cacing Saluran Pencernaan pada Kuda Delman di Kota Bogor

Kecacingan pada kuda merupakan penyakit yang dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan dan performa kuda termasuk pada kuda delman. Penelitian ini bertujuan menduga prevalensi dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor risiko kejadian infeksi cacing saluran pencernaan pada kuda delman di Kota Bogor. Metode penelitian ini yaitu studi cross-sectional, menggunakan dua jenis data berupa hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium sampel feses dan hasil wawancara terhadap kusir delman menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Data dianalisis untuk menentukan rataan derajat infeksi cacing dan proporsi kuda yang terinfeksi serta pendugaan nilai risiko relatif (RR). Hasil penelitian 20 sampel feses menunjukkan prevalensi Strongyle sebesar 60%. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi larva, jenis Strongyle terdiri atas Cyathostominae 73% (Cyathostominae tipe A 61%, tipe G 6%, tipe C 4%, tipe F 1%, dan tipe H 1%), Strongylus vulgaris 22%, S. equinus 3%, serta S. edentatus 2%. Derajat infeksi Strongyle termasuk kategori infeksi ringan dengan jumlah 282.5 telur tiap gram tinja (TTGT). Faktor risiko yang mempunyai hubungan terhadap kejadian infeksi Strongyle yaitu umur kuda, kepadatan populasi, jenis kandang dan pakan kuda, lokasi dan cara pemotongan rumput, higiene kuda, serta sanitasi. Perbaikan manajemen pemeliharaan kuda perlu dilakukan oleh para pemilik kuda untuk menurunkan kejadian infeksi cacing saluran pencernaan.

SÍNDROME DE ENTERITIS SECRETORA CRÓNICA PARASITARIA POR STRONGYLUS VULGARIS CON RESISTENCIA A IVERMECTINA EN UN EQUINO PURA SANGRE DE CARRERA

Se remite un equino Pura Sangre de Carrera, de 2 años de edad y de sexo masculino. Con historia de emaciación severa, pelo hirsuto y diarrea crónica esporádica. Los exámenes coprológicos previos evidenciaron 1850 HPG (huevos por g de heces) de Strongylus spp. El tratamiento empleado fue con Ivermectina 0,2 mg. kg-1 a una dosis única vía oral. Se le practicó necropsia y fueron tomadas muestras de tejidos para estudio histopatológico, las mismas que fueron procesadas por los métodos convencionales. Adicionalmente se tomaron muestras de contenido intestinal para estudios parasitológicos. Los hallazgos de macroscópicos fueron de emaciación severa, pelo hirsuto y mucosas pálidas. Se evidenció síndrome ulceroso gástrico, enteritis en intestino delgado hemorrágico focal crónico con presencia de formas parasitarias de 3-5 cm y tipo quistes, así como hemomelasma ilei. Los cortes histológicos mostraron enteritis proliferativa caracterizada por un infiltrado linfocitario y eosinofilos escasos. Se observaron quistes parasitarios en la porción secretora (lamina propia). El estudio coprológico evidenció 1050 HPG de Strongylus spp. y las formas parasitarias observadas fueron identificadas como Strongylus vulgaris (Looss, 1900). En conclusión los hallazgos de necropsia evidenciaron un síndrome de parasitosis severa asociada a la infestación crónica por vulgaris.