Efficacy of Caryocar brasiliense Camb. and Annona crassiflora Mart. leaves in the reduction of biotransferred Escherichia coli from Lactuca sativa L. leaves to polypropylene

The antimicrobial activity of Caryocar brasiliense and Annona crassiflora leaves extracts was evaluated against Escherichia coli strains through a sensitivity test by the agar diffusion method and by the evaluation of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) by the microdilution technique followed by plating. The sanitizing efficiency of these extracts in reducing E. coli cells biotransferred from L. sativa leaves to polypropylene surfaces was evaluated after an exposure time of 5 minutes. All strains were sensitive to antibacterials and the formation of an inhibition halo was observed for the extracts against all strains tested. The C. brasiliense extract showed better antimicrobial action against E. coli strains, with a MIC of 1.09 mg/mL, while the MIC of A. crassiflora extract was 5.58 mg/mL. No MBC was found for plant extracts. The strains were not able to form biofilms under the conditions studied, however, there was biotransfer and adhesion of E. coli to polypropylene. The highest counts of E. coli cells biotransferred and, consequently, adhere to the polypropylene coupons were observed when 5 log CFU/mL was inoculated, with a mean count of 4.53 ± 0.66 log CFU/cm2. It was verified that the treatment with the extract solutions in the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) totally reduced the number of E. coli cells adhered to the polypropylene coupons. The results obtained indicate that the use of extracts from both species as antibacterials is promising.

Antimicrobial effects of essential oils from Tanacetum vulgare L. and Salvia officinalis L., growing in Slovakia

Possible antimicrobial properties of essential oils isolated from Tanacetum vulgare L., and Salvia officinalis L., harvested from five different locations in Slovakia, were examined using the disc agar diffusion method and by the microdilution method. GC/MS analysis of the essential oil from Tanacetum vulgare L. resulted in the identification of 16 compounds constituting 82.1% of the total oil. Gram-positive bacteria, mainly Bacillus subtilis, were more susceptible to essential oils from both plants than were gramnegative species. Tested essential oils posses also anti-yeast activity. The shares of the constituents in the essential oils as well as their antimicrobial activity differed in dependence on the locality.

EFFECT OF COW URINE TREATMENT ON PLANT GROWTH AND ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITY ON GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.

In Hindu culture, the cow is treated as a divine animal. Cow's urine, cow dung and Milk are utilized for different purposes. Cow's urine has been utilized as an enhancer of plant growth and an antifungal agent for the current study. The plant selected for this study Gossypium hirsutum L.(cotton).The plant was grown utilizing various concentrations of cow urine, such as 0% (control), 1:10, 1:5, 1:1 for 90 days. Various parameters for example leaf area, shoot length, plant height, root length, as well as biomass of the plant have been monitored. The antifungal activity has been studied by utilizing different concentrations of cow urine against (Alternaria macrospora) using agar diffusion method. Among all the concentrations, the 1:1 concentration showed maximum plant growth compared to other two concentrations. On the other hand, 1:5, 1:10 concentrations showed more antifungal activity. The conclusion of this study found that cow urine can be utilized as a growth enhancer of plant and has antifungal properties.A

Antibacterial Effectiveness of Calcium Hydroxide Combined with Cresotin against Enterococcus faecalis

The goal of endodontic treatment is to prevent and control of pulp and periradicular infections. Calcium hydroxide has a beneficial biological property as an intracanal medicament and can be combined with cresotin to disinfect bacteria in root canals, especially Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) which is the most frequently isolated strain in the root canals. The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide, cresotin, and combination calcium hydroxide and cresotin (Ca[OH]2+Cresotin, 1:1 and 1:2) against E. faecalis. Antibacterial activity was determined by the agar diffusion method. The test medicaments were placed inside the hole that made in the inoculated agar medium. The zone of growth inhibition was measured and recorded after incubation for each plate, and the result was analysed statistically with ANOVA. The in vitro antimicrobial effects of combination calcium hydroxide and cresotin (Ca[OH]2+Cresotin, 1:2) has more prominent antimicrobial activity than others, and calcium hydroxide is more effective than cresotin alone. The antimicrobial activity of combined calcium hydroxide and cresotin is more effective in killing E. faecalis in comparison to the other treatments.

Antimicrobial activity of Syzygium caryophyllatum L.

Syzygium caryophyllatum L. is a small tree or large shrub grow widely mainly in the tropical area. It is native to India and China. S. caryophyllatum L. belonging to the family Myrtaceae is taken for screening antimicrobial activity. Ethanolic extract of the leaves of Syzygium caryophyllatum was screened for antibacterial activity using Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Activity of ethanolic extract was good when compared to Ampicillin. The antimicrobial activity was determined by Agar diffusion method and also MIC technique. From the result it was found that ethanolic extract of the leaves of Syzygium caryophyllatum exhibited good antibacterial activity against these gram +ve and gram –ve microorganisms.

The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Yam Bulbs (Pachyrhizus Erosus L Urb) on the Growth of Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteria Agar Diffusion Method

Bengkuang Plant (Pachyrhizus erosus L. Urb) is a plant that can be used as herbal medicine. The community-made uses yam into powder by drying the place that is not exposed to direct sun, then pounded into a powder. This powdered yam is used by mixing clean water and used as powder. Bulbs are proven to contain flavonoid compounds, isoflavonoid, saponin, and daidzein, which can function as antibatter. The purpose of this study was to explain the concentration of tuber extract of ethanol tuber (Pachyrhizus erosus L. Urb) on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with the agar diffusion method. The research design used in this research is quasi-experimental (Quasi-Experimental). The sample of this research is extract of bamboo tuber ethanol (Pachyrhizus erosus L. Urb) with concentration of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and 90%. Based on the result of the research, the measurement of the inhibitory zone of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was found to average 6,00 mm at a concentration of 10% -40%, 7.33 mm at concentration 50%, 7.67 mm at concentration 60%, 9.33 at concentration 70 %, 10.67 mm at concentrations of 80% and 13.33 mm at a concentration of 90%. The data were analyzed by Kendall's Tau test (p = 0,000 <0,05), so it can be concluded that there is an influence of extract of bamboo tuber ethanol (Pachyrhizus erosus L. Urb) on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria agar diffusion method.

Antimicrobial Resistant Salmonella Serotypes Circulating in Meat in Senegal

The Presence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella in food remains a real threat. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella strains isolated from the most consumed types of meat in Senegal. A total of 337 samples were collected including 247 samples of raw meat and 90 of meat-based ready-made meals. Salmonella strains were isolated according to the French standard EN-ISO-6579 and serotyped according to the KWLM scheme. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed with 16 discs following the agar diffusion method. Our study showed that 37% of the samples carried Salmonella and allowed the isolation of 136 strains of Salmonella. We identified 47 different serotypes including S. Kentucky (11/136: 8%), S. Brancaster (10/136: 7%), S. Chester (10/136: 7%), S. Istanbul (5/136: 4 %), and S. Agona (5/136: 4%) which were respectively the most common. Of the 136 strains, 43 (31.6%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic, of which 15.4% (21/136) were multidrug-resistant. Interestingly, S. Kentucky that was the most common, exhibited also the highest level of resistance, being at least resistant to 8 antibiotics. In conclusion, The increasing resistance and spread of S. Kentucky in meat products demand special monitoring and to be further studied.

Effects Of Some Locally Made Antiseptic Soaps on Some Skin Microbes

The antimicrobial activity of some local antiseptic soaps against some isolated microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) were carried out by agar diffusion method. The highest zone of inhibition was recorded to be 3cm at 100mg/ml by MK antiseptic soap against E.coli, while IJB and S.T antiseptic soaps show no significant effect against the skin isolates of the bacteria Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. So also the antifungal activities of the three soaps were tested and the highest zone of inhibition was 5cm at 100mg/ml by IJB local antiseptic soap against Malessezia fur fur and Tricophyton spp, while there is less effect (generally less than 4cm at 100mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 25mg/ml) of MK and S.T antiseptic soaps against the skin isolates of the fungi Malessezia furfur, Malessezia globossa, Microsporium spp and Tricophyton spp. This indicated that MK and IJB antiseptic soaps are potentially effective against bacteria and fungi respectively.

ANTIBAKTERI SENYAWA FENOLIK DARI ALANG -ALANG (IMPERATA CYLINDRICA)

Phytochemical screening test proved that the extract of Reeds (Imperata cylindrica) contained phenolic compounds tested using 5% FeCl3 reagent. Antibacterial test using agar diffusion method against Reeds extract in DMSO solvent. The phenolic compounds obtained from the saputangan leaves Reeds extract were 36.96 grams after undergoing maceration. Reeds extract of phenolic compounds with concentrations (200; 100; 50 and 25 ppm) had strength antibacterial where the average inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was 10.0 mm and the average inhibition zone was at Escherichia coli bacteria measuring 10.3 mm.

Potential study of Dillenia serrata Thunb. fruit extract from Bali Botanical Garden’s collection

Dillenia serrata Thunb.is a member of the Dillenia clan which is endemic to Sulawesi. D. serrata fruit is a seasonal fruit and can be used as a cooking ingredient as a sour taste, raw material for several food products such as candied fruit and syrup, and has the potential to be processed into chips and jam. Traditionally, the leaves and bark of D. serrata are also used by the local community as a sprue medicine, fever, wound medicine, treating swelling or inflammation and treating vomiting of blood. It is believed that there are still many untapped benefits from this plant. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of D. serrata fruit extract as an antimicrobial that causes disease in humans, and to determine its effectiveness as an antioxidant. The antioxidant test was carried out using the DPPH method while the antimicrobial test was carried out by the agar diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer). The ripe Dillenia fruit was extracted using methanol, the extract was then diluted in various concentrations for the DPPH test The results showed that the D. serrata extract had the ability as an antioxidant. The antioxidant activity of fresh fruit extracts was higher than that of dried fruit extracts. D. serrata extract is effective in inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutans bacteria.