Innovation of Substitute Material to Conservation Effort of Eusideroxylon Zwageri on Wooden Bridge Maintenance Project

Infrastructure in the form of bridges is very important for Buntok Regency in Central Kalimantan where the area is swampy or lowland area. Total wood bridge construction is 45% from total 163 bridge in this area that most of them are not proper condition considering some wood materials need to be replaced. The innovation has been created to find the effective way how to maintenance the wooden bridge that has been idle for long time due to broken material on superstructure of the bridge. The floor of bridge that constructed with previous materials of ulin wooden bridge replaced by composite materials with floordeck concrete combination. The implementation of Tampa Bridge maintenance innovation showed better performance in terms of safety, comfortable and smoothness of bridge users from community around. In terms of budget aspect, the maintenance is cumulatively more efficient than if carrying out floor changes every year considering no longer possible to find ulin wood anymore. On technical point of view, with reinforced concrete can be applied to wooden bridges selectively only on ulin wooden bridges whose substructure is still intact and only minor damage to the spoorband and floor occurs. Bridge maintenance procedures need to be create to keep better maintenance for longer life time of the existing bridge that can be applied for another wooden bridge for maintenance.

Subchondroplasty Bone Substitute Material (BSM) Histological Analysis after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Series

In our series of 227 patients who underwent prior Subchondroplasty of the knee wiht bone substitute material (BSM) we had the opportunity to review 4 cases which returned for conversion to Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). The average time to convert to a TKA was 23.5 months (18-35 months).

Temporal response of an injectable calcium phosphate material in a critical size defect

Background Calcium phosphate-based bone graft substitutes are used to facilitate healing in bony defects caused by trauma or created during surgery. Here, we present an injectable calcium phosphate-based bone void filler that has been purposefully formulated with hyaluronic acid to offer a longer working time for ease of injection into bony defects that are difficult to access during minimally invasive surgery. Methods The bone substitute material deliverability and physical properties were characterized, and in vivo response was evaluated in a critical size distal femur defect in skeletally mature rabbits to 26 weeks. The interface with the host bone, implant degradation, and resorption were assessed with time. Results The calcium phosphate bone substitute material could be injected as a paste within the working time window of 7–18 min, and then self-cured at body temperature within 10 min. The material reached a maximum ultimate compressive strength of 8.20 ± 0.95 MPa, similar to trabecular bone. The material was found to be biocompatible and osteoconductive in vivo out to 26 weeks, with new bone formation and normal bone architecture observed at 6 weeks, as demonstrated by histological evaluation, microcomputed tomography, and radiographic evaluation. Conclusions These findings show that the material properties and performance are well suited for minimally invasive percutaneous delivery applications.

Properties of concrete having treated recycled coarse aggregate and slag

The possibility of using substitute materials for aggregates and cement in concrete were studied and reported in this paper. Concrete mixtures with untreated recycled coarse aggregates (URCA) and treated recycled coarse aggregates (TRCA) were used to prepare two mix groups of without slag (Mix I) and with slag (Mix II). The recycled aggregates were treated with hydrochloric acid (HCl) having different molarities (0.1M, 0.3M and 0.5M) before used as a substitute material for virgin aggregate in concrete. The concrete mechanical, durability properties and morphology of concrete were examined through standard experiments and analysed. In both mix groups considerable improvement in all characteristics were identified in TRCA mixes than URCA mixes. Among the two mix groups the concrete mix with slag (Mix II) showed better durability characteristics than mix without slag (Mix I). The combination of TRCA and slag in concrete substantially increases the characteristics of concrete in all means.

A Review of the Utilization of Coal Bottom Ash (CBA) in the Construction Industry

One effective method to minimize the increasing cost in the construction industry is by using coal bottom ash waste as a substitute material. The high volume of coal bottom ash waste generated each year and the improper disposal methods have raised a grave pollution concern because of the harmful impact of the waste on the environment and human health. Recycling coal bottom ash is an effective way to reduce the problems associated with its disposal. This paper reviews the current physical and chemical and utilization of coal bottom ash as a substitute material in the construction industry. The main objective of this review is to highlight the potential of recycling bottom ash in the field of civil construction. This review encourages and promotes effective recycling of coal bottom ash and identifies the vast range of coal bottom ash applications in the construction industry.

DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF CASSAVA ADDED VALUE INTO KAOPI IN LAPODI VILLAGE PASARWAJO SUBDISTRICT

Cassava is a food plant that has many advantages. For example, when there is a shortage of food reserves (grain), cassava can still be relied on as a source of substitute material because cassava is a food material that is resistant to water scarcity so that it can still be produced in critical land and easy to cultivate .The strategy of developing cassava itself is to increase the durability of cassava so that it is suitable for consumption for a long time and is not easily damaged in order to obtain a high selling value in the market by using modern technology such as a shredding machine to make it easier to smooth the cassava and jack technology in the process of pressing the caopy more quickly. With the existence of cassava processing business activities that change the shape of the primary product into a new product with a higher economic value after going through the production process, it will be able to provide added value due to the costs incurred so that a new higher price is formed and a bigger profit if compared without going through the production process. The problem faced in the strategy for the Development of Added Value of Cassava into Kaopi is that the processing of cassava still uses traditional technology so that the processing of cassava into caopy is very slow in the processing process, it takes a very long time starting from grating the cassava using hand grater, if using a grater machine. It will be faster and the pressing of the kaopi is done on by one compared to pressing using a jack which can be done by more than one kaopi and the packaging of the kaopi is undesirable so that it does not have an appeal to consumers until it is marketed outside the region.

The use of solvent-preserved human and bovine cancellous bone blocks for lateral defect augmentation - an experimental controlled study in vivo

Background The aim of this study was to compare new bone formation, resorbed bone matrix, and fibrous enclosed residual bone substitute material in laterally augmented alveolar bone defects using allogeneic, pre-treated and cleaned human bone blocks (tested in dogs, therefore considered to be xenogeneic), and pre-treated and cleaned bovine cancellous bone blocks, both with and without a collagen membrane in order to evaluate their augmentative potential. Methods Thirty-two critical size horizontal defects were prepared in the mandible of 4 adult foxhound dogs (8 per dog, 4 on each side). After 3 months of healing, the defects were laterally augmented in a split-mouth-design with either human (HXB) or bovine solvent-preserved bone blocks (BXB). Afterwards, defects were randomly covered with a bovine collagenous membrane (HXB + M, BXB + M). After a healing interval of 6 months, percentages of new bone formation, resorbed bone matrix, and fibrous enclosed residual bone substitute material were compared. Results Results showed little new bone formation of up to 3.7 % in human bone blocks (HXB 3.7 % ± 10.2, HXB + M 0.3 %± 0.4, BXB, 0.1 % ± 0.8, BXB + M 2.6 % ± 3.2, p = > 0.05). Percentages of fibrous encapsulation were higher in human bone blocks than in bovine bone blocks (HXB 71.2 % ± 8.6, HXB + M 73.71 % ± 10.6, BXB, 60.5 % ± 27.4, BXB + M 52.5 % ± 28.4, p = > 0.05). Resorption rates differed from 44.8 % in bovine bone blocks covered with a membrane to 17.4 % in human bone blocks (HXB 17.4 % ± 7.4, HXB + M 25.9 % ± 10.7, BXB, 38.4 % ± 27.2, BXB + M 44.8 % ± 29.6, p = > 0.05). The use of additional membranes did not significantly affect results. Conclusions Within its limitations, results of this study suggest that solvent-preserved xenogenic human and bovine bone blocks are not suitable for lateral bone augmentation in dogs. Furthermore, defect coverage with a membrane does not positively affect the outcome.