Resting costs too: the relative importance of active and resting energy expenditure in a sub-arctic seabird

Breeding is costly for many animals, including birds that must deliver food to a central place (i.e. nest). Measuring energy expenditure throughout the breeding season can provide valuable insights on physiological limitations by highlighting periods of high demands, and ultimately allows to improve conservation strategies. However, quantifying energy expenditure in wildlife can be challenging, as existing methods do not measure both active (e.g. foraging) and resting energy costs across short and long time scales. Here, we develop a novel method for comparing active and resting costs in 66 pre-breeding and breeding seabirds (black-legged kittiwakes; Rissa tridactyla) by combining accelerometry and triiodothyronine (T3), as proxies for active and resting costs, respectively. Activity energy costs were higher during incubation (p=0.0004) and chick-rearing (p<0.0001) compared to pre-laying, due to an increase in time spent in flight of 11% (p=0.0005) and 15% (p<0.0001), respectively. Levels of T3, reflecting resting costs, peaked marginally during incubation with an average concentration of 4.71±1.97 pg mL−1 in comparison to 2.66±1.30 pg mL−1 in pre-laying (p=0.05), and 3.16±2.85 pg mL−1 in chick-rearing (p=11). Thus, although chick-rearing is often assumed to be the costliest breeding stage by multiple studies, our results suggest that incubation could be more costly due to high resting costs. We highlight the importance of accounting for both active and resting costs when assessing energy expenditure.

Berteologi Kontekstual dari Mitos Plai Long Diang Yung

The focus of this study is on theological reflection on the myth of Plai Long Diang Yung which is contained in the culture of the Dayak Wehea people. This myth has a special and central place in the life of the local people and is the origin of the Lom Plai celebration which is the culmination of all traditional celebrations and rituals. This myth has an important meaning in people's lives and talks about many things related to human existence, nature and God. With this fact, the myth can become a locus theologic that can enrich the reflection of the Church's faith and root the faith in culture and culture in the light of faith. The method used in this paper is based on the results of critical reading of the mythical text of Plai Long Diang Yung and the Christian Tradition text. This study found that the myth of Plai Long Diang Yung contained a very rich theological meaning which spoke of Christ, salvation and God who is not limited to human sexuality.

Stressor Appraisal on a Pathway to Health: The Role of the Sense of Coherence

In this chapter, the focus is on how the sense of coherence (SOC) influences stressor appraisal, positively as well as negatively. The processes of stimulus appraisal have a central place in salutogenic theory, even if they have received relatively little theoretical and empirical attention since Aaron Antonovsky’s extensive treatment of stimulus appraisal in Unraveling the mystery of health: How people manage stress and stay well. The chapter aims to elevate researchers’ appreciation of stimulus appraisal as Antonovsky’s little-tested answer to three key questions: How does the SOC concept link to coping behaviour, what is the mechanism that makes the connection and what is the black box in between?

Intertekst Wilna w twórczości Vaidotasa Daunysa

The Intertext of Vilnius in the Works of Vaidotas DaunysThe aim of the present article is to analyse the intertext of Vilnius in the works of the Lithuanian poet, essayist and editor Vaidotas Daunys (1958–1995) by drawing on the categories of intertextuality and intertext (J. Kristeva, R. Barthes, M. Riffaterre, M. Głowiński, S. Balbus, R. Nycz). In Daunys’ poems and essays, the reader perceives Vilnius as a mental construct, multilayered structure of meaning or a complex metaphor referring to a specific place on the map of north-eastern Europe, the political centre of the independent Republic of Lithuania since 1990. His debut collection Metų laikai [The Four Seasons, 1985] containing his early lyrics deals with urban themes, which will also become one of the recurrent motifs in his essays. This collection introduces themes, metaphors and symbols developed and recreated by the author over the following decades: the city of myth, the city of nature, the city of faith. In his poetry, Daunys illustrates how the personal and psychological city (the individualized place of the lyrical subject, where the history takes place here and now) evolves into the meta-city and philosophy of the city (Vilnius as a timeless and sacred city, with strong communal bonds). Daunys was a gifted observer, therefore, in his works (and artistic activities), at the aesthetic, ethical, philosophical and theological levels, he consequently and skilfully presented Vilnius as the central place of his homeland where multiple voices can be heard, as the Baltic cradle of Lithuanian culture and the home to many languages, cultures and nations. His source of inspiration was Lithuanian and European cultures (mainly literature oscillating between existential and ontological questions; Christian and existential philosophy; but also history, music, architecture and photography), based on the solid Christian foundation (the Bible). Translated into the language of the modern city and experience of the watershed years, these sources, displaying various forms of intertextuality, have created a multilayered web of meanings that Vilnius entails. Intertekst Wilna w twórczości Vaidotasa DaunysaCelem artykułu jest opis i analiza intertekstu Wilna w twórczości litewskiego poety, eseisty i wydawcy Vaidotasa Daunysa (1958–1995). Do realizacji zadania zostały wykorzystane kategorie intertekstualności i intertekstu (J. Kristeva, R. Barthes, M. Riffaterre, M. Głowiński, S. Balbus, R. Nycz). Dla każdego czytelnika poezji i eseistyki Daunysa, Wilno to konstrukt mentalny, wielowarstwowa struktura znaczeń, złożona metafora odnosząca się do konkretnego miejsca na mapie Europy Północno-Wschodniej, politycznego centrum niepodległej od 1990 roku Republiki Litewskiej. Już wczesna liryka Daunysa z debiutanckiego tomu Metų laikai [Pory roku, 1985] odwołuje się do tematyki miejskiej, która z czasem stanie się także ważnym motywem jego eseistyki. To tutaj po raz pierwszy pojawiły się tematy, metafory i symbole, które twórca rozwijał (przetwarzał) przez kolejne dziesięciolecie: miasta mitu, miasta natury, miasta wiary. Dorobek poetycki Daunysa ilustruje proces ewolucji od miasta osobistego i psychologicznego (zindywidualizowanego miejsca przeżyć podmiotu lirycznego, w którym historia dzieje się tu i teraz) do meta-miasta i filozofii miasta (idei Wilna ponadczasowego, wspólnotowego, sakralnego). V. Daunys był obdarzony wyjątkowym darem uważności, dlatego w swojej twórczości (i twórczej działalności) tak konsekwentnie i umiejętnie, na poziomie estetycznym, etycznym, filozoficznym i teologicznym, rozwijał ideę Wilna jako wielogłosowego centrum ojczyzny, bałtyjskiej kolebki litewskości i zarazem domu wielu języków, kultur i narodów. Źródłem inspiracji była dla niego kultura litewska i kultura europejska (głównie literatura oscylująca wokół zagadnień egzystencjalnych i ontologicznych; filozofia chrześcijańska i egzystencjalna; ale także historia, muzyka, architektura i fotografia), osadzone na mocnym fundamencie chrześcijańskim (Biblia). Przełożone na język współczesnego miasta i doświadczenia czasów przełomu, utworzyły fascynującą swoją wielorodnością intertekstualną siatkę znaczeniową Wilna.

Place, rôle et représentation de l’animal dans le roman Sans l’orang-outan (2007) d’Éric Chevillard

Animals occupy a central place in Chevillard’s oeuvre Sans l’orang-outan deals with animals’ place, roles, representations and relationships with humans. The novel depicts a chaotic and apocalyptic world, foreground as it does the disappearance of the last orangutans caused by the arrogant and insolent actions of people. Two aspects characterize Chevillard’s writing: the seriousness of the theme and the irony in its representation. The paper analyzes the numerous dimensions of the novel’s involvement in environmental problems through the reflection on the circumstance of animals. It also discusses the eschatological aspects of the environmental crisis. It is demonstrated that for Chevillard the question of biodiversity is also a question of aesthetics and imagination. The article also looks to show that the aim of adopting ethical and aesthetic stances is to encourage the reader to opt for responsible and life-preserving attitudes towards Earth’s ecosystem; and the raising ecological awareness as such.

Culinary Inclinations as a Reflection of Identity in Joanne Harris’s ‘Chocolat’

“Tell me what you eat, I’ll tell you what you are.” : Brillat-Savarin. Literature has always been the mode of reflecting human psyche representing the language of people’s culture and traditions. The culture of food is age old and it shapes the individuals as well as a society’s culture. Complex human issues have been analysed using food images on a metaphoric level to represent cultural identities. Importance of food in literature and the role it played in gender studies asserting women’s suppressed individuality and identity is an upcoming area of study. Apart from observing that women are reduced as a kitchen maker, in today’s society kitchen and cooking are a means of expressing one’s identity before the world and is well expressed in various literary forms. Food and its related concerns with feminine identity and domesticity patriarchal oppression, and repressed sexual desire. have been given a central place in many works of women’s literature. One such English writer who used culinary art in her work is Joanne Harris who’s novel Chocolat deals with the magical powers of chocolate and how it works on the people of a particular town attacking the cultural and traditional beliefs of that place rewriting a cultural identity.

Solving one extreme problem in a class of locally single-leaf functions

Центральное место в теории конформных отображений занимает решение экстремальных задач на классах однолистных отображений. В известных классах нормированных голоморфных функций $S$ и $C$ решение «проблемы коэффициентов» связано с получением точных оценок модулей тейлоровских коэффициентов элементов классов. Аналогичные задачи ставятся для классов локально однолистных отображений. В.Г.Шеретов ввел в рассмотрение классы локально конформных отображений, генерируемых с помощью интегральных структурных формул из элементов классов $S$ и $C$. В статье решена задача о точной оценке модуля тейлоровского коэффициента в этом классе. The central place in the theory of conformal maps is occupied by the solution of extreme problems on classes of single-leaf maps. In the known classes of normalized holomorphic functions S and C, the solution of the "coefficient problem" is associated with obtaining accurate estimates of the modules of the Taylor coefficients of class elements. Similar problems are posed for classes of locally single-leaf mappings. V.G.Sheretov introduced classes of locally conformal mappings generated using integral structural formulas from elements of classes S and C. The article solves the problem of an accurate estimation of the modulus of the Taylor coefficient in this class.

The SDGs, Ecosystem Services and Cities: A Network Analysis of Current Research Innovation for Implementing Urban Sustainability

Ecosystem services provide essential services for cities and are key factors in achieving many of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Such services are best delivered through green infrastructure, which works in resourceful, multifunctional, synergistic, and environmentally sensitive ways to deliver ecosystem services and provide alternative cleaner pathways for the delivery of multiple urban services. It is unclear if current research supports the necessary linkages between ecosystem services, cities, and green infrastructure in order to achieve the SDGs. To answer this question, we conducted a systematic review analysing 3392 studies on the SDGs from the WoS database. The contents of 66 of those with relevance to ecosystem services and urban research were reviewed in depth. We applied network-analytic methods to map the relationships of different knowledge clusters of SDGs research (1) across time, (2) across disciplines, and (3) in relation to ecosystem services and cities. The results of our analysis show that research on the SDGs have developed stronger networks from 2010–2018, but this research has not been sustained. Further, whilst research on cities now occupies a central place in the SDGs literature, research on ecosystem services only shows tentative links to both green-infrastructure research and SDGs research. Such literature on urban green infrastructure remains peripheral to the central challenge of sustainable urban transitions. We conclude that when it comes to the SDGs, research articles typically consider urban services independently of green infrastructure. Further, it suggests that green infrastructure is not generally considered as a sustainable alternative to conventional urban infrastructures. To address this serious shortcoming, we recommend transdisciplinary approaches to link urban ecosystem and urban green infrastructure research to the 2030 global sustainability agenda.

Who is pulling the strings in the platform economy? Accounting for the dark and unexpected sides of algorithmic control

This paper aims to address the dark side perspective on digital control and surveillance by emphasizing the affective grip of ideological control, namely the process that silently ensures the subjugation of digital labour, and which keeps the ‘unexpectedness’ of algorithmic practices at bay: that is, the propensity of users to contest digital prescriptions. In particular, the theoretical contribution of this paper is to combine Labour Process with psychoanalytically-informed, post-structuralist theory, in order to connect to, and further our understanding of, how and why digital workers assent to, or oppose, the interpellations of algorithmic ideology at work. To illustrate the operation of affective control in the Platform Economy, the emblematic example of ride-hailing platforms, such as Uber, and their algorithmic management, is revisited. Thus, the empirical section describes the way drivers are glued to the algorithm (e.g. for one more fare, or for the next surge pricing) in a way that prevents them, although not always, from considering genuine resistance to management. Finally, the paper discusses the central place of ideological fantasy and cynical enjoyment in the Platform Economy, as well as the ethical implications of the study.

The Influence of Deportation on the Identity of Germans of Russia and Kazakhstan

The deportation of the Soviet Germans in 1941 was a turning point in their ethnic history. The deportation had a big influence on the ethnic identity of the Germans and transformed it. The aim of the research is to determine the influence of the deportation of 1941 on the modern identity of the Germans in Russia and Kazakhstan. The article contains facts about the deportation, analyzes its consequences, first of all the radical change in the territorial distribution of the Germans. The central part of the article is devoted to the influence of traumatic events on the identity of the people. The empirical base of the research consists of memories collected in expeditions and archives, as well as the results of an ethnosociological survey of Germans conducted in 2020 with the support of the International Union of German Culture. The final part is dedicated to the historical memory and presentation of the deportation events in the museums of Russia and Kazakhstan. The conclusions of the research are that the events of the deportation continue influencing the ethnic identity of the Germans of Russia and Kazakhstan greatly. The cause of it is incompleteness of rehabilitation, activities of public organizations, historical memory in which deportation occupies a central place. The authors show the need to form a positive identity that generates interest in the history and culture of their own people, a sense of pride and integrity of ethnic identity.