Can Chrono-Nutrition Help Prevent Diabetes?

This editorial aimed to put forward a question if chrono-nutrition can help prevent diabetes through optimizing circadian rhythms of glucose metabolism. With the advancing mechanization, eating behavior (timing, sequence, and frequency) has changed. People are now more willing to eat fast foods at suboptimal times of the circadian period. Growing evidence suggests that untimely eating and lack of exercise can interfere with optimal physiological rhythms of glucose and insulin metabolism that can lead to diabetes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a foremost metabolic disorder worldwide occurring largely due to suboptimal eating timing and lifestyle. Consuming less sugars and carbohydrates during evening and overnight may help optimize human chrono-physiology. Chrono-nutrition via optimizing the timing of meals is a growing science that needs to be well practiced to help prevent or possibly reduce risks of T2D in today’s complicated life.

Comparison of Health Literacy of the Population Regarding Healthy Diet and Chronic Liver Diseases – West vs. East of Slovakia

Introduction: The health status of the population is aresult of the complex action of several components of society. Chronic non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of death. They are often aresult of smoking, alcohol consump- tion, poor diet and lack of exercise. Objectives: To obtain and compare information on health lit- eracy of the population (Western versus Eastern Slovakia) re- garding the most common liver diseases, risk factors for chronic liver diseases and healthy diet. Research sample group and methodology: Aself-designed questionnaire was composed of 30 questions. 400 respondents helped us to carry out the research: 145 men and 255 women. 200 respondents came from Western Slovakia and 200 respon- dents from Eastern Slovakia. Results: We established several hypotheses, based on which we determined health literacy of the population in Eastern and Western Slovakia. Health literacy is statistically significantly higher in aselected sample of respondents from the western part of Slovakia. Conclusions: In order to improve the health of the population, it is necessary to pay great attention to the education of the population about chronic diseases and healthy diet by all, the public health authorities, medicine and nursing. Close coop- eration with general practitioners is abasic prerequisite for the successful solving of this problem.

Multiple Applications of Different Exercise Modalities with Rodents

A large proportion of chronic diseases can be derived from a sedentary lifestyle. Raising physical activity awareness is indispensable, as lack of exercise is the fourth most common cause of death worldwide. Animal models in different research fields serve as important tools in the study of acute or chronic noncommunicable disorders. With the help of animal-based exercise research, exercise-mediated complex antioxidant and inflammatory pathways can be explored, which knowledge can be transferred to human studies. Whereas sustained physical activity has an enormous number of beneficial effects on many organ systems, these animal models are easily applicable in several research areas. This review is aimed at providing an overall picture of scientific research studies using animal models with a focus on different training modalities. Without wishing to be exhaustive, the most commonly used forms of exercise are presented.

Factors Affecting Dysmenorrhea in Junior High School Students X South Jakarta

One of the menstrual disorders that cause physical discomfort is dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain that is felt in the lower abdomen and radiates to the pelvis which can interfere with daily activities. The magnitude of the prevalence rate of the incidence of dysmenorrhea, which reaches 90%, and can affect the activities of adolescents during menstruation, so it is necessary to look at the factors associated with the incidence of dysmenorrhea. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the incidence of dysmenorrhea in junior high school students. The type of research used is observational with a cross-sectional study approach using a questionnaire instrument. The population is all students of SMP 212 South Jakarta. The population of 103 students was obtained by proportional random sampling. The statistical test used was Chi-square with p = 0.05. The results showed the relationship between dysmenorrhea and menarche, length of menstruation, and exercise p>0.05. The results of the statistical analysis test showed that the dependent variables such as age at menarche, duration of menstruation, and lack of exercise were not associated with the incidence of dysmenorrhea because they had a value of α> 0.05. The conclusion of this study is that age at menarche, duration of menstruation, and lack of exercise do not affect the occurrence of dysmenorrhea.

ROLE OF AN ETHNOMEDICINE- MUSTADI MODAKA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF 2ND DEGREE HAEMORRHOIDS (ARSHAS) – A CASE REPORT

In the present era of 21st century, haemorrhoids have become the most common and distressing anorectal disease. It is a lifestyle disease due to excessive intake of spicy food non-vegetarian food, and lack of exercise. Inadequate consumption of water and the habit of taking alcohol are some of the main reasons for the manifestation of the disease. Perianal trauma due to the long journey and excessive two-wheeler riding particularly on uneven roads and terrenes are also main reasons. Constipation is also a common cause of this disease. Haemorrhoids are dealt with rationally under the concept of Arshas. Use of medicine, surgery, cauterization with kshara and Agni are the treatment principles recommended for Arshas by Acharya Susruta. Except medicine, the rest of the procedures are invasive. The basic principles for the treatment of Arshas are deepana and anulomana (digestive, carminative, and laxative). A medicine with the above properties which is used traditionally by tribes is selected for the study. It has been found using among the tribes for a long time with no side effects. The contents of this medicine are safe and are used in routine ayurvedic practice. In this case study, an effort was made to evaluate the role of Mustadimodaka and ethnomedicine in the management of Arshas. Keywords: 2nd-degree haemorrhoids, Arshas, Mustadimodaka, Ethnomedicine

A REVIEW ON BASTI CHIKITSA IN PRAMEHA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS

Prameha is a Tridoshaja Vyadhi with Kapha predominance. It is a lifestyle disorder and Charaka explains it as a Santarpana Janya Vyadhi, caused due to overindulgence in heavy and richly nutritious food, daytime sleep, lack of exercise, other sedentary habits and not doing seasonal purification. All these etiological factors are responsible for the formation of Vitiated Meda and Kleda (deliquesce) i.e. Abhishyanda. The disease is mainly characterized by Prabhuta and Avila Mutrata. Prameha can be correlated with Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology, characterized by an increase in plasma blood glucose resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Globally, an estimated 463 million adults are living with Diabetes. Diabetes Currently affects more than 62 million people which is more than 7.1% of India’s adult population. As Prameha is a Santarpana Janya Vyadhi, Apatarpana is the main line of treatment. Charaka explains various Shodhana procedures in Prameha and contraindicates Basti in it, as it will increase the progress of the disease. But still, Acharyas explain various Basti Karmas for Prameha. Hence here is an attempt to critically analyse Basti Karma as a line of treatment in Prameha.

AN OUTLOOK ON RAJASWALA PARICHARYA: MENSTRUAL REGIMEN AS PER AYURVEDA

Menstruation is an important indicator of women’s health. It is a natural event as a part of the normal process of reproductive life in females. Today’s faulty lifestyle such as – having junk food, irregular sleep pattern and lack of exercise are the cause of increasing gynaecological disorders day by day. In Ayurveda, various Paricharyas (mode of living) are explained to maintain an optimum level of health. One such Paricharyas is Rajaswala Paricharya, which explains certain dos and don’ts to be followed during the menstruating phase. It is a lifestyle modification advised in Ayurveda for menstruating females. Following this Rajaswala Paricharya helps the women to adjust better to the physical and mental changes happening in the body and also helps in reducing the gynaecological complaints (dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, infertility, adenomyosis, fibroids etc). Thus, to maintain optimum gynaecological and obstetrical health of a woman, it is important to follow the regimen mentioned under Rajaswala Paricharya. This article discussed and analysed how to maintain menstrual hygiene and health with Rajaswala Paricharya along with its importance of application in today’s time.

Health risk behaviours among people with severe mental ill health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Analysis of linked cohort data

Background People with severe mental ill health (SMI) experience a mortality gap of 15–20 years. COVID-19 has amplified population health inequalities, and there is concern that people with SMI will be disproportionately affected. Understanding how health risk behaviours have changed during the pandemic is important when developing strategies to mitigate future increases in health inequalities. Methods We sampled from an existing cohort of people with SMI. Researchers contacted participants by phone or post to invite them to take part in a survey about how the pandemic had affected them. We asked people about their health risk behaviours and how these had changed during the pandemic. We created an index of changed behaviours, comprising dietary factors, smoking, lack of exercise, and drinking patterns. By creating data linkages, we compared their responses during pandemic restrictions to responses they gave prior to the pandemic. Outcomes 367 people provided health risk data. The mean age of the participants was 50.5 (range = 20 to 86, SD ± 15.69) with 51.0% male and 77.4% white British. 47.5% of participants reported taking less physical activity during the pandemic and of those who smoke 54.5% reported smoking more heavily. Self-reported deterioration in physical health was significantly associated with an increase in health risk behaviours (adjusted OR for physical health 1.59, 95%CI 1.22–2.07; adjusted OR for Age 0.99, 95%CI 0.98–1.00). Interpretation COVID-19 is likely to amplify health inequalities for people with SMI. Health services should target health risk behaviours for people with SMI to mitigate the immediate and long lasting impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

A weight regain of 1.5 kg or more and lack of exercise are associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease recurrence in men

The importance of maintaining the remission of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been overlooked. Here we aimed to clarify factors causing NAFLD recurrence. In this retrospective cohort study over 10.8 ± 5.4 years, we investigated 1260 male health check-up participants diagnosed with NAFLD who achieved remission. The data were compared between the maintained remission and recurrence group. Among all participants, 618 (49.0%) showed NAFLD recurrence at the last visit. Participants in the maintained remission group continued to lose weight (72.7 ± 9.1, 68.7 ± 8.5 and 68.2 ± 8.9 kg), whereas those in the recurrence group lost and regained weight (72.9 ± 9.9, 69.7 ± 9.3 and 73.0 ± 10.4 kg). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed a weight regain of + 1.5 kg as the cutoff value for recurrence. The proportion of regular exercisers at the last visit was 34.6% in the maintained remission group and 24.5% in the recurrence group (p < 0.0001). Multivariable analysis revealed the amount of weight regain (in 1 kg increments; adjusted odds ratio, 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.24–1.34) and regular exercise at the last visit (adjusted odds ratio, 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.55–0.89) were independently associated with recurrence. These findings demonstrate a weight regain of 1.5 kg or more and lack of exercise were associated with NAFLD recurrence.

Mobile Phone Usage on Change of Athletes Sleep Behaviour because of COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in India

Many researchers during several decades have proved that sleep is a key factor for enhancing performance in sports. Henceforth, this study is to investigate the impact of a mobile phone on changes in athletes sleep behaviour because of COVID-19 lockdown in India. For which, the survey conducted among 550 sports persons representing various Universities (300 male/250 female) across various states of India using simple random sampling technique, and Sleep Quality Assessment (PSQ: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) was used to find out the level of sleep disturbance in athletes. The composed data were analysed using a percentile. The results of this study showed that the mobile phone usage during COVID-19 lockdown in India out of 550 athletes’ data was collected in which 6.4 ⸓ of athletes with a score of 4 in the scale were not distracted due to COVID-19 lock down they underwent regular sleeping schedule there was no change in their circadian rhythm, 40.4 ⸓ of athletes with a score of 6 which means there was a high level of distraction in sleep due to COVID-19 lock down and 23⸓ of the athletes suffered a very high level of sleep destruction during COVID-19 lock down. Which showed a changed sleep behaviour of sports persons. Conclusion and Recommendations: Lack of exercise during COVID-19 lockdown changed the sleep behaviour in athletes. Which made an addiction towards mobile phone usage. This study concludes that regular exercise enhances sleep and also keeps athletes from over usage of mobile phones.