Aesthetic Evaluation of Interior Design Based on Visual Features

In the modern context, interior design has inevitably become a part of social culture. All kinds of modeling, decoration and furnishings in modern interior space show people's pursuit and desire for a better life. These different styles of modern interior design rely on science and technology, utilize culture and art as the connotation. Its development often reflects the cultural spirit of a nation. The aesthetic evaluation plays an important role in the modern interior design. With development of derivative digital devices, a large number of digital images have been emerged. The rapid development of computer vision and artificial intelligence makes aesthetic evaluation for interior design become automatic. This paper implements an intelligent aesthetic evaluation of interior design framework to help people choose the appropriate and effective interior design from collected images or mobile digital devices.

Muḥammad ʿAbduh’s Notion of Political Adab

This paper extends the emphasis on contingency and context in Islamic ethical traditions into the distinctly modern context of late 19th century Khedival Egypt. I draw attention to the way Muḥammad ʿAbduh’s engagement with Islamic ethical traditions was shaped by his practice in addressing the broad social and political questions of his context to do with nation-building and political journalism. As a bureaucrat and state publicist, he took pre-modern Islamic ethical concepts into the emerging discursive field of the modern state and the public sphere in Egypt. Looking at a series of newspaper articles for the state newspaper, al-Waqāʾiʿ al-miṣriyya, I show how he articulated an ethics of citizenship by defining a modern civic notion of adab that he called “political adab.” He conceived of this adab as the answer to the problem of how a unified nation emerges from the condition of “freedom” by which journalists and the reading public at the time were conceptualizing the politics of the ʿUrābī revolution in late 1881. This was a “freedom” of the public sphere that allowed for free speech and the power of public opinion to shape governance. ‘Political adab’ would be the virtue or situational skill, internalized in each participant in the public sphere, that would regulate this freedom, ensuring that it produces unity rather than anarchy. I argue that adab here enshrined ʿAbduh’s holistic approach to nation-building; Egypt with political rights would be a nation in which the very idea of the nation is comprehensively embedded—through adab—in people’s lives, animating their “souls”. This was a politics conceived not as a self-standing domain, but as growing out of society, becoming thereby an authentic unity and self-regulating “life”. In developing this vision, ʿAbduh was amplifying pre-modern meanings of adab implying wide breadth of knowledge, good taste, and the virtues, labelled in the paper as ‘comprehensivness,’ ‘consensus’ and ‘habitus.’ Keywords: Muḥammad ʿAbduh, Adab, Freedom, Nation, Politics, Egypt

MENGENAL KETOKOHAN QURAISH SHIHAB SEBAGAI PAKAR TAFSIR INDONESIA

Quraish Shihab is not the only expert on the interpretation of the Qur'an in Indonesia, but his ability to translate and convey the messages of the Qur'an in the present and modern context makes him superior to other Qur'anic experts. His works on the Qur'an can easily be accepted not only academics, but the general public. This study aims to examine the thoughts of Quraish Shihab in the field of tafsir in general by using a literature review approach. The results showed that Quraish Shihab was a competent commentator in the archipelago. He tries to touch the Qur'an with the reality of modern human life today which is called with the term grounding the Qur'an. In terms of method, he tends to use thematic interpretation because it is more appropriate to reveal the content of the Qur'an on various problems of Muslims today.

The Potter’s Wheel in the Chilean Central Valley: A Long-Term and Contextual Perspective on Technological Change

In this article the social and technological dynamics detected in the transition from hand-made pottery to wheel-thrown ware in a modern context is considered. The many different sources supplemented by fieldwork provide a long-term perspective and a depiction of its present consequences. It is specifically explained, how an indigenous, hand-made, domestic and female pottery-production system has turned into an essentially male, wheel-thrown and workshop activity. After a series of significant events, the Indian village of Pomaire gained a reputation as a potter’s village. The several changes underwent by its population as regards to pottery production makes it an interesting example to analyse the origin and development of a process of technological change which ended up with the displacement of women from pottery-making and the introduction of the means for mechanised production during the 1980s. Thus, the social and technical transformations which have taken place since colonial times (beginning of the 16th century), for the potters of Pomaire are explained, enlarged on their history in order to contribute to a general reflection.

KONTEKSTUALITAS DALAM PENAFSIRAN MENURUT BACTIAR SURIN: MELETAKKAN RASIONALITAS SEBAGAI PERANGKAT PEMAHAMAN AL-QUR’AN

The Rationality in interpretation that tends to be disputed can be used as an instrument to provide the contextual meaning of the Qur’an. Rationality equipped by science can actualize meanings that are more relevant to the development of society. The actual meaning has an impact on easier understanding for the community. This study aims to reveal the function of rationality in contextual interpretation without having to be fixated on the significance of a verse. This study uses primary data sources from Terjemah dan Tafsir al-Qur’an bahasa Arab dan Latin by Bachtiar Surin. This interpretation is used, aside from being abandoned by many researchers, it is also used as another way to actualizing meaning. This study uses a qualitative method with content analysis as a data analysis tool. This study finds the significance of rationality in interpretation through the inseparable relationship of reason with the Qur'an. Intellect as a gift from God can be used to explain God's language. In its application, Rationality can provide contextual meaning in two forms. First, the actualization of meaning with terms that are relevant to a modern context. Second, rationality functions as scientific reasoning to provide factual evidence for the meaning of the Qur'an. The actualizing of the Qur'an meaning can be achieved by rationality so that the contextual device in interpretation does not only emphasize significant meaning on the verse. Rasionalitas dalam penafsiran yang cenderung diperselisihkan dapat dijadikan sarana untuk memberikan pemahaman terhadap al-Qur’an secara kontekstual. Rasionalitas yang dilengkapi oleh ilmu pengetahuan dapat mereaktualisasi makna yang lebih relevan dengan perkembangan masyarakat. Pemaknaan secara aktual berdampak pada pemahaman yang lebih mudah kepada masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan fungsi rasionalitas dalam penafsiran kontekstual tanpa harus terpaku dengan signifikansi pesan yang terkandung dalam sebuah ayat. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan sumber data primer dari Terjemah dan Tafsir al-Qur’an bahasa Arab dan Latin karya Bachtiar Surin. Tafsir ini digunakan, selain ditinggalkan oleh banyak peneliti juga didasarkan pada penggunaan cara lain dalam mengaktualisasi makna. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan content analysis sebagai perangkat analisa data. Penelitian ini menemukan signifikansi rasionalitas dalam penafsiran melalui hubungan akal dengan al-Qur’an yang tidak dapat dipisahkan. Akal sebagai anugerah Tuhan dapat digunakan untuk menjelaskan bahasa Tuhan. Dalam aplikasinya, akal dapat memberikan penafsiran secara kontekstual dalam dua bentuk. Pertama, reaktualisasi makna dengan istilah yang relevan dengan keilmuan modern. Kedua, rasionalitas berfungsi sebagai penalaran ilmiah dengan bentuk memberikan bukti faktual atas kebenaran kandungan makna al-Qur’an. Keberhasilan rasionalitas dalam mereaktualisasi makna dengan dua bentuk tersebut membuktikan bahwa penafsiran kontekstual dapat ditempuh dengan menggunakan rasionalitas yang bersifat subjektif, sehingga perangkat kontektulitas dalam penafsiran tidak hanya menekankan pada penemuan pesan makna sesuai dengan penggunaannya di masa al-Qur’an turun.

THE ROLE OF ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS ACCORDING TO FAZLUR RAHMAN

Economic thoughts of Fazlur Rahman, a Pakistani modernist scholar and philosopher, have been discussed and studied frequently by many researchers. However, not much has been done to examine his thought of economic institutions holistically. This present study is aimed to analyse the role of the economic institutions according to Fazlur Rahman in the light of the Qur’ān and the Sunnah. This study is a library-based research, which uses two methods, namely data collection and data analysis. Rahman’s ideas on economic institutions are aimed to ensure the progressiveness of human beings while facing contemporary challenges through true understanding of the Qur’ān and the Sunnah. This study concludes that Rahman genuinely intended to develop Muslim societies through the re-evaluation of the Qur’ān and the Sunnah in the modern context

PERKEMBANGAN ILMU SYARAH HADITH: SUATU TELAAH RINGKAS

This paper discusses the development of science of hadith commentary since early century of Hijrah. It traces its historical development and instrumental role in expanding the dynamic understanding of hadith and its science. The paper attempts to illustrate the principle and discipline of usul al-sharh as set forth in the major works of hadith commentary underlying its principle, context and method. The discussion focusses on the method and approaches (ittijahat al-sharh) of traditionalist in interpreting and commenting the texts. The study is based on qualitative method in the form of library research, focusing on content analysis. The sources of documentation was primarily derived from traditional and classical works of hadith and contemporary references that provide extensive analysis of hadith commentary. The study found that the science of hadith commentary was originated in the classical and medieval hadith works that extensively articulated its rigorous and underlying principle. This tradition was continued in modern context in the highly authoritative works of hadith commentary that brought forth modern and contextual approaches in analyzing hadith texts.

"The Horse on which Words Ride": Proverbial Narrative in Toyin Falola's A Mouth Sweeter than Salt

Literature and oral tradition share a symbiotic relationship. Toyin Faiola the author of A Mouth Sweeter than Salt has produced a highly engaging memoir. The text is set in Ibadan, Ode Aje and Ilorin. We find a rich and knowledgeable exploitation of oral forms which the author uses within the frame of the biographical genre. Through the use of proverbial narration, Fa­Iola presents a tale replete with magic, religion, divination, spirituality and various folklore elements. The oral forms Faiola has used in the text come from the oral character of everyday life, prose narratives, songs, proverbs and proverb-like expressions while exploring the themes of innocence, curiosity and growth. This stylistic feature of narration is common in African story telling sessions. In both the traditional and modern context, the African prov­erb fulfils its social and communicative function in various forms. Faiola pres­ents an inseparable relationship of mutual exchange between the oral and written traditions. However, our point of emphasis is to evaluate the context and usage of the proverbial narration with a restriction to proverbs which deal with animals. The qualities attributed to animals in the proverbs and sayings figuratively and metaphorically describe people's appearance, characteristics and deeds.

COMPREHENSION OF THE CONCEPT OF HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY R.G. COLLINGWOOD

Теория исторического познания Р.Дж. Коллингвуда выстраивается на основе методики воспроизведения интеллектуального опыта человека прошлого в современном контексте. Такой подход отводит ключевую роль в процессе исследования прошлого рефлексии историка, работа которой ориентирована на осмысление исторических свидетельств. В результате развития этих идей складывается представление о присущем историческому познанию характере опыта, отличающегося принципиальной незавершенностью, изменчивостью и способностью к самосовершенствованию. The theory of historical knowledge by R.G. Collingwood is built on the basis of the method of reenactment the intellectual experience of a person of the past in a modern context. This approach assigns a key role in the process of studying the past to the historian's reflection, whose work is focused on comprehending historical evidence. As a result of the development of these ideas formed the conception of historical knowledge that has a nature of experience, characterized by fundamental incompleteness, variability and the ability to selfimprovement.

William H. Whyte Jr.: How the creator of 'groupthink' was forgotten, and why it matters

<p>This thesis examines the presentation of management theories in textbooks, focusing on groupthink as an indicative case. The groupthink theory warns that positive consensus leads to the exclusion of other ideas, with potentially disastrous results. It is credited to the psychologist Irving Janis, but William H. Whyte Jr. used the phrase groupthink in 1952, nineteen years before Janis’ first usage. I ask how this happened - why do most textbooks credit Janis if he did not create the term? To answer this, the study takes a critical view of management’s dissemination of knowledge. A critical study acknowledges that all knowledge is subjective, and no interpretation can precisely represent the past. The primary method was the collection historical data primarily composed of textbooks, academic studies, and journal articles. This data represents the primary work of Whyte and Janis regarding groupthink, and their representation elsewhere. This allows for the construction of a ‘counter-history’ to the accepted version of history where Janis is groupthink’s creator. My findings demonstrate a clear shift within management history, discovering early evidence of Whyte’s groupthink being embraced by prominent writers, followed by a gradual marginalisation of Whyte’s contribution. This was due in part to Janis’ sudden popularity but it is evident that management studies deliberately moved away from questions of conformity asked by Whyte and peers in the 1950s. I also found that Whyte himself moved away from the groupthink terminology, rebadging the same concept as ‘the organization man’. These findings contribute a new case study to the field of management literature calling for the importance of directly embracing history. It also makes a case for textbooks as a study’s primary form of data. Future research can further explore the extent of the continued relevance of William H. Whyte’s ideas in a modern context.</p>