Pengaruh Konseling Online Menggunakan Teknik Desensitisasi Sistematis Terhadap Kecemasan Siswa Pada Saat Presentasi di SMPN 232 Jakarta

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh teknik Desensitisasi Sistematis untuk mengurangi tingkat kecemasan siswa pada saat presentasi di SMPN 232 Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian subjek tunggal dengan desain A-B. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah seorang siswa perempuan kelas VIII SMPN 232 Jakarta yang memiliki tingkat kecemasan tinggi pada saat presentasi berdasarkan hasil pengukuran kecemasan instrumen state and trait anxiety (STAI). Data yang diperoleh selama penelitian kemudian dianalisis dengan cara analisis dalam kondisi pada kondisi baseline (A) dan kondisi intervensi (B) serta dilakukan analisis antar kondisi baseline (A) dengan kondisi intervensi (B). Skor pada kondisi baseline cenderung stabil dan skor pada kondisi intervensi cenderung menurun. Skor kecemasan sebelum dilakukan intervensi adalah 121 (berada pada kategori tinggi) kemudian menurun menjadi 64 (berada pada kategori rendah) setelah diberikan intervensi. Hasil persentase overlap pada penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa teknik Desensitisasi Sistematis berpengaruh pada menurunnya tingkat kecemasan siswa pada saat presentasi.

Validation of a Computerized Version of the Trait Subscale of the Physical Appearance State and Trait Anxiety Scale in Mexican Preadolescents

Anxiety is a feeling of fear, dread or restlessness and can develop into a weight-related disorder. The objective was to analyze the psychometric properties of the trait anxiety subscale of the Physical Appearance State and Trait Anxiety Scale (PASTAS), as well as the invariance in Mexican preadolescents. The sample consisted of 604 participants, 285 female and 319 male, whose ages ranged between 11 and 12 years (M = 11.37; SD = 0.48). The questionnaire’s factor structure was analyzed using confirmatory factor analyses. The analyses show the viability and adequacy of a two-factor structure (weight and non-weight factors) both for the total sample and for the populations of male and female. The two-factor structure showed adequate reliability and validity fit indicators. The factor structure, the factor loadings and intercepts are considered invariant according to the variable sex; however, differences between female and male participants were found for levels of anxiety caused by physical appearance. In conclusion, the PASTAS can be considered a convenient instrument to assess the variables related to anxiety generated by one’s physical appearance, as well as allowing more participants to be quickly assessed.

Effect of specific melodic scales of Indian music in reducing state and trait anxiety – a randomized clinical trial

Music is an aesthetic stimulus that evokes a subjective experience in every individual involved in it. Music as a modality to reduce anxiety and stress has been researched scientifically across the world, but evidence regarding Indian musical scales (ragas) is meager. Healthy individuals were randomly divided into 4 groups where 3 groups [A(Ahir bhairav), B (Kaunsi Kanada), C (Bhimpalas)] received music intervention (10 minutes) while Group D was the control group. Anxiety was scored using State trait anxietyinventory (STAI) before and after the intervention.

Competitive trait anxiety and general self-esteem of athletes according to the sport type and gender

Traditionally, anxiety has been interpreted as a negative emotional state characterized by nervousness, worry, fret, uncertainty and vague fear which could have an adverse effect on sports achievement. On the other hand, sport type and its specific nature and demands, may also be connected with the level of state and trait anxiety. This study aimed to investigate potential differences in the competitive trait anxiety level and general self-esteem according to gender in sports of different contact level. The sample consisted of 1024 (590 males and 434 females) young athletes. Independent variables were sport contact level (non-contact, contact and collision sports) and gender. Dependent variables were measured by the adjusted versions of Sport Competition Anxiety Test and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Basic descriptive statistics was calculated for all the groups, and the differences between them were established using χ² test and MANOVA. The results suggest significant differences in trait competitive anxiety per sport type, gender and their interaction, and no differences in the general self-esteem level. The current study reveals that not only the intensity but also the intergroup relationship of a sport contact level (non-contact, contact and collision sports) is gender determined. These findings are important in psycho-diagnostic procedure and choosing appropriate coping strategies for athletes.

Second Semester Students’ Speaking Anxiety in English Language Education at Ganesha University of Education

This study was aimed at identifying the type of anxiety and investigating the factors that caused speaking anxiety in second-semester students of English Language Education in UNDIKSHA. Mix method was used as the research design of this study in which random sampling technique was also used to determine the research sample. 70 second-semester students were involved as the research sample. This research was done in an online setting due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The result of this study showed that two types of anxiety affected the second-semester students, namely; state and trait anxiety. There were 26 % of second-semester students influenced by state anxiety, 67% students were influenced by trait anxiety, and 7 % students were influenced by state and trait anxiety at the same time. In addition, it was also found that 5 internal and 11 external factors caused students’ speaking anxiety.

Decision Making Under Chronic Stress and Anxiety: State and Trait Anxiety Impact Contextual Updating but not Feedback Learning

Stress may alter executive functioning by causing structural and functional changes to the brain. Sub-optimal decisions made under high levels of stress and anxiety may act as a mediator for stress-related health effects. We examined the effect of three personality traits–chronic stress, state anxiety, and trait anxiety–on updating working memory and feedback learning across 330 participants, using electroencephalography (EEG). We hypothesized a decrease in P300 (updating working memory) and reward positivity (feedback learning) amplitudes with increasing chronic stress and anxiety scores. The three personality traits were not correlated with reward positivity amplitudes. Additionally, chronic stress had no effect on P300 amplitudes. However, state and trait anxiety were negatively correlated with P300 amplitudes. Anxiety appears to impact working memory processes, and this effect was amplified with decreasing anxiety score quantiles to reflect the tails of the distribution. Our results are evidence of the beginnings of a correlation between anxiety and the neural correlates of decision-making, offering insight into anxiety-related adverse health outcomes.

Dysfunction of Resting-State Functional Connectivity of Amygdala Subregions in Drug-Naïve Patients With Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Objective: Although previous studies have reported on disrupted amygdala subregional functional connectivity in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), most of these studies were conducted in GAD patients with comorbidities or with drug treatment. Besides, whether/how the amygdala subregional functional networks were associated with state and trait anxiety is still largely unknown.Methods: Resting-state functional connectivity of amygdala subregions, including basolateral amygdala (BLA) and centromedial amygdala (CMA) as seed, were mapped and compared between 37 drug-naïve, non-comorbidity GAD patients and 31 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Relationships between amygdala subregional network dysfunctions and state/trait anxiety were examined using partial correlation analyses.Results: Relative to HCs, GAD patients showed weaker functional connectivity of the left BLA with anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortices. Significantly increased functional connectivity of right BLA and CMA with superior temporal gyrus and insula were also identified in GAD patients. Furthermore, these functional connectivities showed correlations with state and trait anxiety scores.Conclusions: These findings revealed abnormal functional coupling of amygdala subregions in GAD patients with regions involved in fear processing and emotion regulation, including anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex and superior temporal gyrus, which provide the unique biological markers for GAD and facilitating the future accurate clinical diagnosis and target treatment.

State and trait anxiety in children with incontinence and their parents

Background Maternal anxiety increases the risk for incontinence in children. The aim was to analyze anxiety in children with incontinence and their parents before (t1) and after 6 months of incontinence treatment (t2). Methods 40 children with incontinence and 40 controls completed the State-trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, their parents the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the State-trait Anxiety Inventory at baseline (t1) and 6 months later (follow-up, t2). Psychiatric disorders were assessed by a standardized parental diagnostic interview (Kinder-DIPS), IQ was tested by a one-dimensional test. All children were neurologically examined. Children with incontinence underwent a guideline-based treatment during the 6 months. Results At baseline, child and parental state and trait anxiety scores, as well as all CBCL scores were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group. At t2, parental anxiety, CBCL scores, and child trait anxiety were significantly higher in patients versus controls, whereas child state anxiety decreased, and parental state anxiety increased from t1 to t2. Conclusions Incontinence and anxiety are associated. While state anxiety decreases, trait anxiety can remain stable over time. Higher levels of anxiety can influence incontinence treatment and should be assessed in every patient.

The Influence of Family Function on State Anxiety of Chinese College Students During the Epidemic of COVID-19

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) may affect mental health. There is little research about the influence of family function on the state anxiety of college students in the context of the global pandemic. The study aimed to clarify that generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and trait anxiety had mediating effects in family function on the state anxiety of Chinese college students following the “stay-at-home” order during the outbreak of COVID-19. This cross-sectional study was conducted online with 1,039 respondents. We analyzed demographics, The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (ST-AI) and Chinese Family Function Scale (FAD-18), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and used path analysis to discuss the influence of family function on state and trait anxiety. The results showed that female students’ state and trait anxiety was higher than that of male students (P < 0.05). Medical students’ state and trait anxiety was lower than that of literature students (P < 0.05). The GAD of the male was lower compared with the female. The score of family function has significant differences in gender, age, education, and region (P < 0.05). Gender, family function, state anxiety, trait anxiety, and GAD relate to others (r = 0.07∼0.85, p < 0.05). The results of fit indices for measurement invariance models showed that the impact of family function among GAD, state and trait anxiety across gender is significantly different (each step p < 0.05). GAD and trait anxiety had a complete meditating effect between family function and state anxiety (the proportion of standard indirect mediating effect was 24.94% in females and 36.79% in males). A healthy family function may alleviate GAD and anxiety of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic.