Shallow Water Bathymetry Inversion Using Hybrid Multi-band Composites Resulted from Integration of Drone-based RGB and Multispectral Imagery

Shallow bathymetry inversion algorithms have long been applied in various types of remote sensing imagery with relative success. However, this approach requires that imagery with increased radiometric resolution in the visible spectrum is available. The recent developments in drones and camera sensors allow for testing current inversion techniques on new types of datasets. This study explores the bathymetric mapping capabilities of fused RGB and multispectral imagery, as an alternative to costly hyperspectral sensors. Combining drone-based RGB and multispectral imagery into a single cube dataset, provides the necessary radiometric detail for shallow bathymetry inversion applications. This technique is based on commercial and open-source software and does not require input of reference depth measurements in contrast to other approaches. The robustness of this method was tested on three different coastal sites with contrasting seafloor types. The use of suitable end-member spectra which are representative of the seafloor types of the study area and the sun zenith angle are important parameters in model tuning. The results of this study show good correlation (R2>0.7) and less than half a meter error when they are compared with sonar depth data. Consequently, integration of various drone-based imagery may be applied for producing centimetre resolution bathymetry maps at low cost for small-scale shallow areas.

relevance of national education goals to the guidance of the Al-Quran and Al-Hadith

The purpose of this study is to gain an in-depth understanding of the issue of the relevance of national education goals to instructions from the Qur'an and hadith as Islamic religious guidelines. To obtain data on the whitening of the research problem and this hypothesis, we conducted a literature search on many international and national communications. The most applied sources we found were scientific journals, educational books, magazines, and literature websites. So that the data can be used, we have first involved an in-depth data evaluation and coding system, finally concluding relevant to answering the study questions with high validity. The search for data was carried out electronically, published between 2010 and 2021, by searching for keywords such as the purpose of education, Islamic instructions, and al-hadith. We review this study qualitatively under a phenomenological approach to seek the broadest possible data to understand seeking answers. Based on the findings and discussion data, there is a profound relevance between the purpose of providing national education and the objectives of religious education mentioned in Qur'an and Al-Hadith, which together prepare the generation of education to become a generation that is devoted to knowledge and skills that can solve life's problems correctly.

On the association between aerosol optical depths and surface meteorological conditions in a tropical coastal environment

Columnar aerosol spectral optical depth data, estimated using a ground based passive multi-wavelength solar radiometer at the tropical coastal station of Thumba, Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) (8.55°N, 77°E) during the period November 1985 to May 1991, are examined to study the association of the seasonal variations in the optical depths and their association with the prevailing meteorological conditions. A systematic seasonal variation has been observed, with the optical depths maximising in the summer/pre-monsoon season and reaching a minimum in the winter season. Significant association has been observed between the seasonal variations of aerosol spectral optical depths with those of the (on-shore) surface wind speed and the rainfall. The implications of the findings are discussed.

Bathymetric Measurements of a Retention Reservoir using Integrated Hydrographic and Photogrammetric Techniques

The purpose of this paper was to determine the usability of unmanned hydrographic drones and photogrammetric techniques during the conduct of work, the results of which are potentially to serve as navigational materials in areas that, due to their characteristics, make it impossible to carry out research using crew vessels and direct shoreline determination. In order to prepare and carry out the measurement campaign with the greatest possible accuracy and safety, the authors of the article decided to determine the shoreline of the analyzed reservoir using photogrammetric methods. The use of satellite images allowed the border between land and water to be identified as precisely as possible, which had a direct impact on the accuracy of relating depth data to their location on Earth's globe. Use of unmanned vessels and orthophotos can find practical application when navigating vessels during maneuvers required high precision.

PEMANFAATAN APLIKASI ONLINE DALAM PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PENCAPAIAN KOMPETENSI MULTIMEDIA DI SMKN 1 KOTA JAMBI

This study aims to explain the use of online applications in distance learning and its impact on the achievement of multimedia competencies at SMKN 1 Jambi City. This study uses a qualitative method with phenomenological research. For data collection conducted, interviews and documentation. To analyze the data consists of three activity lines simultaneously, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions.The results of observing can be concluded in class X-1 and X-2 are able to adapt using online applications in online learning. Meanwhile, grades XII-1, XII-2, and XII-3 have gotten used to online applications provided by schools in online learning. Furthermore, the results of interviews from 10 informants and 15 questions became the basis for in-depth data sources on the phenomena that occurred based on experts that distance learning was learning independently by utilizing online applications as a medium in honing skills and communication tools online learning.

From electronic navigational chart data to sea-bottom models: Kriging approaches for the Bay of Pozzuoli

<p class="Abstract">Electronic Navigational Charts (ENCs), official databases created by a national hydrographic office and included in Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS), supply, among essential indications for safe navigation, data about sea-bottom morphology in terms of depth points and isolines. Those data are very useful to build bathymetric 3D models: applying interpolation methods, it is possible to produce a continuous representation of the seafloor for supporting studies concerning different aspects of a marine area, such as directions and intensity of currents, sensitivity of habitats and species, etc. Many interpolation methods are available in literature for bathymetric data modelling: among them kriging ones are extremely performing, but require deep analysis to define input parameters, i.e. semi-variogram models. This paper aims to analyze kriging approaches for depth data concerning the Bay of Pozzuoli. The attention is focused on the role of semi-variogram models for Ordinary and Universal kriging. Depth data included in two ENCs, namely IT400129 and IT400130, are processed using Geostatistical Analyst, an extension of ArcGIS 10.3.1 (ESRI). The results testify the relevance of the choice of the mathematical functions of the semi-variogram: Stable Model supplies, for this case study, the best performance in terms of depth accuracy for both Ordinary and Universal kriging.</p>

Shallow water bathymetry inversion using hybrid multi-band composites resulted from integration of drone-based RGB and multispectral imagery

Shallow bathymetry inversion algorithms have long been applied in various types of remote sensing imagery with relative success. However, this approach requires that imagery with increased radiometric resolution in the visible spectrum is available. The recent developments in drones and camera sensors allow for testing current inversion techniques on new types of datasets. This study explores the bathymetric mapping capabilities of fused RGB and multispectral imagery, as an alternative to costly hyperspectral sensors. Combining drone-based RGB and multispectral imagery into a single cube dataset, provides the necessary radiometric detail for shallow bathymetry inversion applications. This technique is based on commercial and open-source software and does not require input of reference depth measurements in contrast to other approaches. The robustness of this method was tested on three different coastal sites with contrasting seafloor types. The use of suitable end-member spectra which are representative of the seafloor types of the study area and the sun zenith angle are important parameters in model tuning. The results of this study show good correlation (R2&gt;0.7) and less than half a meter error when they are compared with sonar depth data. Consequently, integration of various drone-based imagery may be applied for producing centimetre resolution bathymetry maps at low cost for small-scale shallow areas.

Relevansi Keputusan Dirjen Bimas Islam Nomor DJ.II/542 Tahun 2013 tentang Kursus Pranikah terhadap Keharmonisan Rumah Tangga di Kemenag Bandar Lampung

This study was made to analyze the implementation of the Decision of the Director General of Islamic Community Guidance Number DJ.II / 542 of 2013 concerning the Prenuptial Course at the Office of the Ministry of Religion in the City of Bandar Lampung and to determine the relevance of taking the Prenuptial Course to household harmony. This type of research uses Field Research, where researchers go directly to the field to obtain strong, objective and actual data. Researchers will go to the field to obtain authentic, accurate, detailed and in-depth data. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the Decree of the Director General of Guidance for the Islamic Community Number DJ.II / 542 of 2013 concerning prenuptial courses is quite effective. couples to reduce disputes in the family, divorce and conflict, so that they become provisions for realizing a peaceful, prosperous, safe, peaceful family and truly creating a sakinah mawadah warahmah family. After fulfilling the existing procedures, the bride and groom get a foundation book for the sakinah family and a certificate. However, if viewed from the level of effectiveness there are still several weaknesses, including the lack of availability of funding to cover all training needs, the seriousness of the participants is not optimal, the lack of attendance and the level of activity of participants in taking pre-marital training courses, and the continuity of pre-marital course activities that have not been optimally scheduled.

Robotic Forklift for Stacking Multiple Pallets with RGB-D Cameras

We propose a robotic forklift system for stacking multiple mesh pallets. The stacking of mesh pallets is an essential task for the shipping and storage of loads. However, stacking, the placement of pallet feet on pallet edges, is a complex problem owing to the small sizes of the feet and edges, leading to a complexity in the detection and the need for high accuracy in adjusting the pallets. To detect the pallets accurately, we utilize multiple RGB-D (RGB Depth) cameras that produce dense depth data under the limitations of the sensor position. However, the depth data contain noise. Hence, we implement a region growing-based algorithm to extract the pallet feet and edges without removing them. In addition, we design the control law based on path following control for the forklift to adjust the position and orientation of two pallets. To evaluate the performance of the proposed system, we conducted an experiment assuming a real task. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed system can achieve a stacking operation with a real forklift and mesh pallets.