Understanding Employee Ownership in the Context of French Family Firms

Family firms, in which a family controls a majority stake in the organisation, are often considered characteristically different from non-family firms. However, our understanding of employee ownership in the specific context of family firms suffers from the concerns raised by owners of several family firms about such ownership. The decision to open the capital to its employees goes beyond the question of the ownership of family business. Nevertheless, it impacts the governance of the company and raises several concerns including the transmission of information, transparency, increased formalism, and taxation. This study aims to analyze how family firms benefit from an employee ownership plan and how governance practices impact the mechanism of employee ownership plans. This study examines the financial communication of French family firms in terms of mployee ownership activities.

Better Health Communication During the Life Cycle Contributes to Better Health Literacy

Health literacy (HL) is about acquiring competences, confidence, and motivation to take action in health improvement. Health communication is key in promoting HL. Information leaflets are a tool that grants autonomy, thereby empowering self-management of health. Qualitative and content analysis of two original leaflets was made by a group of medical doctors, targeting pregnant women and the elderly, who represent different stages of the life cycle. The content was written in an assertive, clear, and positive language, and was adjusted to the target public. A question-answer system was used, making it easier for the reader to gather specific information. Structural aspects underlying both leaflets were similar. Health leaflets are widely used for the proper transmission of information. It is therefore essential that they are appropriate to the recipients' HL throughout the life cycle. The critical and systematised analysis of their information content contributes to quality assurance, leading to better HL and healthcare in general.

Мультимодальность – мультимедийность – мультиканальность и др. Альтернативные формы передачи информации как проблема лингвистической теории и терминологии

Статья посвящена популярной в современной лингвистике проблеме мультимодальности, т.е. взаимодействию в рамках одного и того же дискурса разных способов кодирования информации – с использованием разных семиотических кодов. Авторы исходят из предпосылки, что суще- ствование альтернативных планов выражения сообщений обусловлено разнородностью их со- держания, а также имеющейся предрасположенностью типов содержания (семантического или прагматического) к определенному способу оформления. Мультимодальный подход рассматрива- ется в контексте медиатизации и технологизации социальной коммуникации. Авторы показывают значительную вариативность существующей в данной области терминологии, объясняют трудно- сти, связанные с употреблением некоторых терминов. Отдельный раздел статьи посвящен общей типологии модульной архитектоники сообщения, учитывающей (в качестве форм репрезентации смысла) разные уровни языковой организации сообщения, разные каналы, разные коды, разные медиаустройства, разные языки и разные (параллельные) сообщения. Multimodality – multimediality – multicanality etc. Alternative forms of the transmission of information as a problem of linguistic theory and terminology Summary: The article is devoted to the problem of multimodality, popular in modern linguistics and seen as an interaction within the same discourse of different methods of encoding and decoding information. The authors proceed from the premise that the existence of alternative plans of the expression of messages is due to the heterogeneity of their content, as well as the existing predisposition of the types of content (semantic or pragmatic) to a certain way of explication. The multimodal approach is considered in the context of the mediatization and technologization of social communication. The authors show a significant variability of the terminology in this area and explain the difficulties associated with the use of some terms. A separate section of the article is devoted to the general typology of modular message architectonics, which takes into account (as forms of meaning representation) different levels of the linguistic organization of a message, different channels, different codes, different media devices, different languages and different (parallel) messages.

New educational experiences. Student-centered education: an experience and its potential

Introduction: The teaching of pharmacology has traditionally been characterized by the transmission of information where pedagogical strategies have focused on the teacher, privileging theoretical knowledge, master classes and memory tests. It isessentialto introduce new elements to increase the student's active participation in the construction of knowledge and in the evaluation of the achievement of their competences; the development of creativity and teamwork. This methodology seeks to break the notionof traditional teaching, change the idea of an evaluation by the note to an evaluation with a motivation of its own (of the student), to internalize the knowledge and make it part of its structure of thought. Objective: Develop a teaching and evaluation strategy that allows students to actively participate. Materials and methods: 172 students participated in the subject of Pharmacology and Therapeutics "B", between March and September 2017. Four individual and complementary activities were developed related to the prescription of drugs, for the evaluation of the process and performance of the students Standardized rubrics were used, a perception survey was applied to the students about the usefulness of the strategy in theirtraining. Results: The results show a good performance of the students in the prescription activities of medications, a significant improvement in the performance when comparing the results. The students consider that the strategy is useful for the development of their professional competences, it allows them to have an active role in the learning process and the evaluation methodology allows them to recognize the elements that they must reinforce in order to reach an optimal development of their competence

The Problems Of Translating Cultural Concepts into Another Language: On The Example Of Tuvan Cultural Concepts

The article presents an analysis of the problems of cultural transfer in the translation of two editions of M.B. Kenin-Lopsans monograph devoted to the description of Tuvan traditions in the Tuvan language Tyva chanchyl. Tyva chonnun ydyktyg chanchyldary [Tuvan traditions. Tuvan folk sacred traditions] 1994 and 1999, in the publication in Russian Tuvan folk traditions 2006. The authors note that cultural transfer causes changes in meanings, adaptations of information not only due to the fact that the translator does not have sufficient linguistic culture. The translator can be a natural bilingual who has been fluent in two languages since childhood, both linguistic cultures can be equivalent. Thus, the translated edition was prepared by two bilingual translators under the editorship of two Tuvan-Russian bilingual writers. But, nevertheless, the linguistic means of Russian culture cannot convey a number of Tuvan terms and expressions, and this imposes restrictions on translations. The authors show these examples by grouping the transformations of cultural transfer into four types of problems: distortion of meanings; incomplete transmission of information; disappearance of semantic constructions; inability to translate non-equivalent vocabulary. Phrases from the Tuvan text of M.B. Kenin-Lopsan, versions of the translated edition are given, and in some cases a more successful translation, according to the authors of the article, is proposed.

THOUGHT IN THOUGHT IN A DIEGETIC MINIMALIST NARRATIVE

Diegetic narrative is a general linguistic phenomenon, which together with other types and modifications forms a system of language for the transmission of information, thoughts, expressions of will, states, feelings of the characters. Analysis of the thoughts of the characters in the novels of M. Drebble helps to solve certain problems.

The issue of cyber-crime as a matterof national security in Albania

The security challenges for Communication and Information Systems in Albania include all levels of the structures of the Ministry of Defense and the Armed Forces, starting from the individual equipment used in official working environments, to the provision of basic systems, which are critical to job performance. Some of the challenges that characterize this situation and their orientation for the future include: Th increasing threats in cyberspace, internet and mobile devices, social networks and portals, communication and transmission of information, creating a cybercrime market, espionage and sabotage, privacy and identity, anonymity and attributes, financial constraints, asymmetry of cyber warfare, etc. These will be some of the issues that this paper will try to address with reference to domestic and foreign literature, national and international legislation on cybercrime.

A computer program based on spectral analysis for speech correction in children

Insufficient development of speech and poor command of it interferes, in turn, with its perception by ear, even with the help of sound-amplifying equipment, complicates its understanding, comprehension and transmission of information in the process of communication, at least in an elementary form. Today, in different countries of the world, educational aids are being developed - devices and devices that provide children in need of this with filling the deficit of information about sounding speech, complementing the feedback structure by connecting visual perception. We have developed a computer program “Home speech therapists” to improve speech in children after cochlear implant.

Semantic-pragmatic potential of reports of refusal of communication in the roman of E. Vodolazkin “Lavr”

The semantic and pragmatic potential of statements of refusal to communicate allows shedding light on the peculiarities of the phenomenon of silence, identifying its varieties, the specifics of manifestation in the Russian linguistic picture of the world and analyzing the functionality as part of a literary text. The concept of “refusal to communicate” is a broader phenomenon than the actual speech genre of refusal, since refusal as such implies a negative reaction only to initial motivational responses, while refusal of communication can become both a reaction to any statement or not be reactive at all, that is, to be the initial remark in the dialogue. The peculiarity of statements with the semantics of silence is manifested in the fact that their illocutionary goal is the impossibility or unwillingness to continue communication and is achieved using various linguistic means, first of all, lexemes denoting the speaking process, as well as modal modifiers expressing the reason for such speech behavior. The differences between speech genres, which are based on rejection, lie in the very object of rejection, in what the speaker rejects. In the Russian linguistic picture of the world, silence is characterized by the fact that it is a communicative action, it consists not in the absence of speech, but in the transmission of information in a non-verbal way. In this case, it is called communicatively meaningful silence. The analysis of the lexical structure of E. Vodolazkin’s novel “Laure” made it possible to identify important fragments of the text associated with silence, to obtain information about the author’s worldview and his attitude to the phenomenon of silence.

The role of non-senatorial actors in conversations and meetings

Chapter 7 posits an important hypothesis for this book: senators could not reach everybody for many reasons, so they were surrounded by a wide spectrum of people, non-senatorial actors who intervened in conversations with several degrees of agency and thus played an important role in the transmission of information and, therefore, in politics. The chapter focuses mainly on two groups: freedmen and elite women; finally, it questions the role of courtesans within this system. Elite women did not intervene in politics exclusively in their own realm; instead, their role in conversations attests to their inclusion within the broader network of conversations and the circulation of information that sustained Roman politics. Trusted liberti also played a relevant role. Even those actors with a lower degree of agency were not mere mouthpieces who parroted words that they had been taught. These actors played a limited role in institutional politics. However, they were a sine quibus non within the sphere of extra-institutional politics.