Application of Invigoration Technique in Order to Improve Seed

<p>Seed is a component of production that contributes to increasing the national rice production. The use of low-quality seeds compared with production costs, non-uniform plant growth, yield reduction, and yield quality. One effort to improve the quality of seed vigor is through invigoration treatment. Invigoration technique among other hydration, thermal treatment, and coating. The hydration method is a water absorption system in seeds. Uncontrolled absorption (hydro-priming), by soaking and drying the seeds, hardening, on-farm priming, soaking for a certain period. The controlled system (osmo-priming) by immersing in osmotic solution, osmo-hardening (integration of hardening and osmo-priming), matri-priming with moist solid media, humidifications (with high humidity), and hormonal priming (with hormones. The second method is by temperature treatment, including by cooling and heating. The third technique is the coating treatment, namely coating the seeds. Hydration system hydro-priming for 30 hours can break seed dormancy with normal germination capacity of 91.3-99.3% in Memberamo, Cipunagara, and Maros varieties. The hardening technique is effective in increasing the germination of hybrid rice seeds for 12 hours with 2 cycles and for 24 hours with one cycle. The osmo-priming technique of soaking seeds in a 10 ppm GA3 solution or a mixture of 10 ppm GA3 + 15 ppm kinetin was effective in increasing the vigor of hybrid rice seeds. The matri-priming technique with rubbing ash as a medium plus the addition of 50 µ m GA3 was effective in breaking dormancy of the Membramo, Cipunagara, and Maros varieties of rice. It is can be applied, especially by small farmers.</p><p>Keywords: Rice, seed, invigoration, quality</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p><strong>PENERAPAN TEKNIK INVIGORASI DALAM MENINGKATKAN VIGOR BENIH PADI </strong></p><p>Benih merupakan komponen budi daya yang berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan produksi padi nasional. Penggunaan benih bermutu rendah berpengaruh terhadap penambahan biaya produksi, pertumbuhan tanaman tidak seragam, dan penurunan hasil dan mutu hasil. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan mutu benih dari aspek vigor yang rendah adalah melalui perlakuan invigorasi. Teknik invigorasi dibagi menjadi tiga metode, yaitu hidrasi, perlakuan suhu, dan pelapisan (coating). Metode hidrasi merupakan sistem penyerapan air yang dapat terjadi pada benih. Penyerapan tidak terkontrol (hydro-priming) yaitu dengan merendam dan mengeringkan benih, pengerasan (hardening), on-farm priming yaitu merendam dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Sedangkan terkontrol (osmo-priming) dengan merendam pada larutan osmotik, osmo-hardening (integrasi hardening dan osmo-priming), matripriming dengan media padat lembab, humidifications (dengan kelembaban tinggi), dan hormonal priming (dengan hormon). Metode kedua adalah dengan perlakuan suhu, diantaranya dengan pendinginan dan pemanasan. Teknik ketiga adalah dengan perlakuan coating yaitu melapisi benih. Sistem hidrasi hydropriming selama 30 jam dapat mematahkan dormansi benih dengan daya kecambah normal 91,3-99,3% pada varietas Memberamo, Cipunagara, dan Maros. Teknik hardening efektif meningkatkan daya berkecambah benih padi hibrida selama 12 jam dengan dua siklus dan selama 24 jam dengan satu siklus. Teknik osmo-priming perendaman benih dalam larutan GA3 10 ppm atau larutan campuran GA3 10 ppm + kinetin 15 ppm efektif meningkatkan vigor benih padi hibrida. Teknik matri-priming dengan abu gosok sebagai media plus penambahan GA3 50 µm efektif mematahkan dormansi padi varietas Membramo, Cipunagara, dan Maros. Teknik invigorasi tersebut dapat diterapkan, khususnya oleh petani dengan skala produksi kecil.</p><p>Kata kunci: Padi, benih, invigorasi, mutu</p>

Effect of Primed and Un-Primed Seeds on Germination, Growth Performance and Yield in Okra [Abelmoscus esculentus (L.) Moench]

This research was conducted to overcome the problem of slow and erratic emergence in okra and to find out the effects of priming on germination, growth performance and yield in okra at Research Field of Nepal Polytechnic Institute (NPI) Bharatpur-11, Chitwan, Nepal (April-July, 2019). Arka Anamika variety was used for experiment. The experiment was laid out in Randomize Complete Block Design with 5 treatments and 4 replications, i.e. T1 (hormonal priming with IBA), T2 (hydro priming with fresh tap water), T3 (halo priming with NaCl), T4 (chemo priming with liquid urea) and T5 (un-primed seeds). Field experiment results showed that priming proved effective in improving germination percent except the chemo priming, reducing the mean germination time (MGT), improving the growth parameters (plant height, number of branches, plant canopy and number of leaves) and improving yield contributing characters like fruit length, fruit diameter as compared to un-primed seeds. The highest and lowest germination percentages were found in hydro priming and hormonal priming respectively while better growth performance in hormonal and chemo priming. Similarly, hormonal and hydro priming resulted in higher yield. Hence, it is suggested that seed priming is important to improve the overall germination, growth performance and yield in okra.

Priming Methods: Alternative Strategy to Improve Seed and Seedling Performance of Soursop (Annona muricata)

The evaluation of seed priming methods on the seed and seedling performance of soursop was conducted January 9 to April 3, 2019 in San Nicolas, Ilocos Norte, Philippines. The study was conducted to investigate the effect of seed priming methods capable of breaking dormancy; improve germination rate; determine the seed vigor of soursop; and identify the best seed priming method that provide better seedling performance. The experimental treatments (unprimed and three priming methods, hydropriming, halopriming and hormonal priming) were laid out in Completely Randomized Design with three replications. A total of 20 polyethylene bags were used per treatment per replication with one seed sown in every bag. Alternative way to improve seed and seedling performance is the use of these seed priming methods. The seed and seedling performance of soursop were significantly affected by priming methods. Primed seeds had higher percentage germination rate (PGR) than unprimed seeds. But numerically, the highest PGR was hydropriming. Hormonal priming produced significantly taller seedlings at 10 and 40 days after emergence (DAE) than unprimed seeds and more leaves per seedling at 30 to 50 DAE. Hormonal, hydropriming and halopriming produced significantly higher fresh weight of seedlings than unprimed seeds.

Suitable Priming for Rice Yield Improvement

Low yield of rice has made reaching self-sufficiency level in Malaysia elusive. So, Malaysia has become a target of rice exporting countries within and outside Asia. To solve this problem, a pre-sowing seed treatment was used as a physiological intervention to alleviate the impeding problems of achieving better growth and yield of Malaysian rice variety MR219. A glass house experiment, which involved the use of solutions of osmotic salts and plant hormones, was used for this investigation. Data on germination percentages, height, number of tillers and productive tillers, tiller efficiency and yield were taken. In both osmopriming and hormonal priming treatments, the highest number of tillers and productive tillers were from pre-germination. The tallest plants from osmopriming were from 150mM treatment, while 50 ppm GA3 had the tallest in hormonal priming. The highest tiller efficiency for osmopriming was from 150mM and and 200mM sodium chloride, while in hormonal priming it was 200 ppm salicylic acid. For yield per panicle in osmopriming, it was 50mM and 100mM magnesium chloride that had the highest, while in hormonal priming it was 200 ppm methyl jasmonate. Finally, the highest grain yield per hill was produced by 200 ppm methyl jasmonate in hormonal priming, while 50Mm magnesium chloride had the highest yield in osmotic priming. So, it is concluded that the use of 200 ppm methyl jasmonate and 50Mm magnesium chloride could be used as potential hormonal priming and osmopriming, respectively, for yield improvement of MR219 rice in Malaysia.