Essential Oil Variability of Azorean Cryptomeriajaponica Leaves under Different Distillation Methods, Part 1: Color, Yield and Chemical Composition Analysis

This study mainly deals with the effect of hydrodistillation (HD) and water-steam distillation (WSD) methods on the color, yield, and chemical profile of the essential oil (EO) from Cryptomeria japonica fresh leaves from São Miguel Island (Azores Archipelago, Portugal). The yields of EO–HD (pale-yellowish) and EO–WSD (colorless) samples were 1.21% and 0.45% (v/w), respectively. The GC–FID, GC–MS, and 13C-NMR analyses of EO–HD vs. EO–WSD revealed (i) a high-content of monoterpenes (72.8% vs. 86.7%), mainly α-pinene (34.5% vs. 46.4%) and sabinene (20.2% vs. 11.6%), and oxygenated mono- and sesquiterpenes (20.2% vs. 9.6%); (ii) similar sesquiterpene (1.6% vs. 1.6%), β-myrcene (5.9% vs. 5.8%), and camphene (3.5% vs. 3.8%) contents; and (iii) significant differences in other classes/components: EO–HD is richer in oxygenated sesquiterpenes (17.1%, mainly elemol (10.4%) and α-eudesmol (3.4%)) and diterpenes (3%; mostly phyllocladene), while EO–WSD is richer in oxygenated monoterpenes (7.2%, mainly terpinen-4-ol (5.4%)), p-cymene (4.4%), and limonene (3.2%). Overall, the color, yield, and quantitative composition of the EO samples studied are strongly influenced by the distillation method. Nonetheless, this C. japonica leaf EO displayed a consistent α-pinene- and sabinene-rich composition. The same chemotype was found in a commercial Azorean C. japonica leaf EO sample, obtained by industrial steam distillation (SD), as well as in Corsica C. japonica leaf EO–HD. Furthermore, the bioactive composition of our EO samples revealed the potential to be used in green plant protection and in the medical, food, cosmetic, and household industries.

The Optimization of Catfish Smart Flavor Production by Biduri and Papain Enzymatic Hydrolysis

The consumption of Monosodium Glutamate with a large amount can lead to nerve cell damage to the brain so that natural ingredients substitute MSG is needed. In this research, we produced smart flavors from catfish through enzymatic hydrolysis by combining papain and biduri enzymes. The purpose of the study was to identify the influence of enzyme concentration and length of hydrolysis on the smart flavor characteristics and determine the best treatment to produce smart flavors. The parameters identified were color, yield, moisture content, dissolved proteins, degrees of hydrolysis, antioxidants, water binding ability, and emulsion stability. The results show the highest brightness are biduri and papain combination by 60:40 with one-hour hydrolysis. The highest dissolved protein is 50:50 combination with three-hour hydrolysis. In addition, antioxidant activity is marked in a combination of 50:50 with one-hour hydrolysis.

REACTIVE DYE PRINTING ON COTTON FABRIC USING MODIFIED STARCH OF WILD TARO CORMS AS A NEW THICKENING AGENT

This study investigated the use of a thickening agent derived from modified starch of wild taro corms in the screen printing of cotton fabric using reactive dye. The best conditions for developing the print paste and steaming time in order to obtain maximum color yield were established. The results revealed impressive color fastness properties in the printed samples; although, the printed fabric possessed slightly lesser tensile and tear strength, in comparison with the unprinted fabric. The printed fabric also exhibited increased bending stiffness properties. Largely, this study reveals that the printing paste containing the thickening agent derived from carboxymethyl starch within wild taro corms can be utilized in the printing of cotton fabric using reactive dye.

ECO-FRIENDLY DYEING OF COTTON FABRIC WITH WASTE TEA LEAVES BASED TANNIN NATURAL DYE

<p>Natural products have always been appreciated due to the awareness about environmental standards for global health by using green technologies in their isolation and extraction. Thereupon natural dyes have been used in all fields due to having ecofriendly, therapeutic and aesthetic nature. For the current study, microwave radiations (MW) have been used as a green extraction tool to explore the natural coloring potency of Tea leaves for the dyeing of cotton fabrics. For isolation of natural dye from tea leaves in aqueous and basic media MW irradiation for 1-6 min has been given and used to dye cotton fabric. It has been evaluated that an increase in color yield (K/S) with the use of 6 min of microwave energy when basic extract of tea leaves was used to dye onto cotton fabric. It has been also revealed that in the case of the pre-mordanting method, 6% of Cu and 8% of Fe as a post mordanting method give the best fastness properties and the highest color yields. It is concluded that MW energy has an excellent ability for isolation of colorant from Tea leaves for dyeing of cotton fabric under reduced optimal dyeing conditions.</p>

Karakteristik Fisik dan Fungsional Pati Keladi (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) dari Beberapa Lokasi di Maluku

This study aimed to characterize the physical and functional properties of cocoyam starch from several locations in Maluku. The use of starch in the processed food and non-food industries will be determined by its various characteristics depending on the starch source. It is expected from this research that data can be used to assess the potential of cocoyam starch in its use in the food and non-food industries. Cocoyam tubers from Maluku, i.e. Buru Island, Saparua Island, and Saumlaki Island were used as samples in this research.. The wet extraction method was used to produce cocoyam starch in this research. Physical properties such as tuber length and diameter, tuber skin color, yield were analyzed. Swelling power and solubility, water holding capacity (WHC), paste clarity, pH and color were among functional properties observed. The results showed that the length of cocoyam tubers from the three sample locations was in the range of 8.75-36 cm with a diameter of 8-22 cm. The skin color of the tubers was found to be blackish-brown, and the color of the tubers is white with a starch yield of 12-16%. Based on the statistical analysis results, starch's functional properties like swelling power, solubility, WHC, paste clarity, pH, and color for the three starches were not significantly different from one another. This shows that differences in growing locations within an archipelago did not affect cocoyam starch's functional properties. Keywords: Cocoyam starch, functional property, location, physical property ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian adalah mengkarakterisasi sifat fisik dan fungsional pati keladi yang berasal dari beberapa lokasi di Maluku. Karakteristik yang berbeda berdasarkan sumber pati akan menentukan kesesuaian pemanfaatannya dalam industri pangan olahan maupun non pangan. Diharapkan dari penelitian ini adalah diperoleh data yang dapat digunakan untuk mengkaji potensi pati keladi dalam penggunaanya di industri pangan maupun non pangan. umbi keladi yang digunakan sebagai sampel dalam penelitian ini berasal dari dari lokasi di Maluku yaitu umbi keladi asal pulau Buru, pulau Saparua dan pulau Saumlaki. Metode ekstraksi yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk menghasilkan pati keladi adalah metode ekstraksi basah. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi sifat fisik yaitu panjang dan diameter umbi, warna kulit umbi, rendemen; serta sifat fungsional yaitu swelling power dan sollubility, water holding capacity (WHC), kejernihan pasta, pH, warna. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah panjang umbi keladi dari tiga lokasi sampel adalah 8,75-36 cm dengan diameter 8-22 cm. Warna kulit umbi coklat kehitaman dan warna umbi putih serta rendemen pati 12-16%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis statistik, sifat fungsional pati yaitu swelling power, sollubilty, WHC, kejernihan pasta, pH dan warna untuk ketiga pati tidak berbeda nyata satu dengan lainnya. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan lokasi tumbuh dalam satu kepulauan tidak mempengaruhi karakteristik fungsional pati keladi yang diteliti. Kata kunci: Pati keladi, lokasi, sifat fisik, sifat fungsional

Using an N-vinylpyrrolidone co-polymer in reactive dye printing as an alternative to urea

A series of water-soluble co-polymer (NS) from N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and sodium p-styrenesulfonate (SSS) with a low molecular weight are synthesized as substitutes for urea in the reactive printing of cotton fabrics. The effects of the monomer ratio of NVP to SSS on the color yield of the printed fabrics, the color fastness, and the solubility of the reactive dyes were investigated. The possibility of using a flocculation treatment for printing wastewater was also evaluated. When the dosage of NS-02 (NVP:SSS=7:3) in the printing paste is 1.0 wt%, the color yield and the color fastness of the printed fabric are equivalent to or better than those obtained with 3.0 wt% urea. Compared with the traditional reactive printing with urea, the total nitrogen content in the wastewater after NS-02 is reduced to 15% of that using urea when treated with a suitable amount of inorganic flocculants. It meets the national discharge requirements for printing and dyeing wastewater. The study shows that a low-molecular-weight co-polymer (NS-02) has a high potential to replace urea for the printing of cotton fabric with reactive dyes.

PEWARNAAN KAIN IKAT CELUP MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN ALAMI DAUN JAMBU BIJI (PSIDIUM GUAJAVAL) DI SANGGAR SENI PENDOPO

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk “Mendeskripsikan Proses Dan Menganalisis Hasil Pewarna Daun Jambu Biji Terhadap Kain Ikat Celup”. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen untuk mencari pengaruh perlakuan tertentu terhadap yang lain dalam kondisi yang terkendali. Eksperimen dalam penelitian untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh lamanya perendaman kain dalam larutan pewarna daun jambu biji terhadap hasil pencelupan pewarna pada kain blacu.Instrument ini dijaring memalui perlakuan yaitu pembuatan kain ikat celup dengan teknik ikat celup menggunakan pewarna alami yaitu daun jambu biji yang diamati beberapa waktu tertentu, dengan demikian dapat dirtikan bahwa butir – butir komponen tentang hasil warna ragam hias teknik ikat celup melalui pewarna daun jambu biji dapat digunakan untuk menjaring data penelitian. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan pengamatan secara visual, hasil yang diperoleh pada selama 1 jam, 2 jam, 3 jam perendaman larutan daun jambu biji dan perendaman kain selama 2 jam, 4 jam, 6 jam di setiap rendaman larutan daun jambu biji bahwa terdapat hasil warna yang signifikan pada teknik ikat celup, terdapat pengaruh perbedaan warna pada perendaman daun jambu biji pada teknik ikat celup dan warna yang dihasilkan beragam, mulai dari hijau muda hingga gijau kecokelatan dan hasil motif berbentuk lebih terang dan jelas, berbentuk motif baru pada dasar kain pada perendaman yang paling lama.Kata Kunci: pewarna, daun, kain.AbstractThis study aims to "describe the process and analyze the results of guava leaf dye on the tie dye." The research method used was an experiment to find the effect of certain treatments on others under controlled conditions. Experiments in this study were to determine the effect of the length of soaking the cloth in a guava leaf dye solution on the dyeing results of the calico cloth. This instrument was netted through treatment, namely the manufacture of tie-dyed fabric using natural dyes, namely guava leaves which were observed for a certain time. , thus it can be concluded that the component items regarding the color yield of the decorative variety, the tie-dye technique through guava leaf dye, can be used to capture research data.The results of the research were carried out using visual observation, the results obtained for 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours of soaking guava leaf solution and soaking the cloth for 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours in each soaking guava leaf solution that there is a color result. There is a significant effect on the tie-dye technique, there is an effect of different colors on the immersion of guava leaves in the tie-dye technique and the resulting color varies, from light green to brownish green and the resulting motifs are lighter and clearer, in the form of new motifs on the base of the cloth on soaking the longest.Keywords: dye, leaves, cloth..

Utilization of Spent Coffee Ground Oil in Eco-Friendly Scouring and Reactive Dyeing Processes for Cotton

In this research, utilizing of Arabica spent coffee ground oil was investigated for textile processing applications including scouring and reactive dyeing for cotton. The spent coffee ground oil was extracted using hexane and its chemical compositions were analyzed. The synthesized biosurfactant from spent coffee ground oil was investigated for use in cotton scouring. The results showed that the biosurfactant could well work as a scouring agent for cotton. Much better water absorption and reduced yellowness on cotton were achieved but higher applied concentration was needed as compared with the commercial wetting agent. It was also found that scouring efficiency of the biosurfactant could be promoted by adding alkali i.e. sodium carbonate, into a scouring bath, resulting in a satisfactory scouring level. A study on utilizing spent coffee ground oil in reactive dyeing process informs that by incorporating the oil into an aqueous dyebath to create oil/water dual-phase dyeing system, the dye exhaustion and color yield of Reactive Red 120 dye obtained on cotton could be enhanced without adding salt. This promotes a development of salt-free reactive dyeing process.

Single bath dyeing of modified nylon/cotton blended fabrics using direct/acid dyes

Purpose This study aims to deal with the dyeing of nylon-/cotton-blended fabric in one bath using direct and acid dyes. Design/methodology/approach The cellulose in cotton/nylon-blended fabric was chemically modified using 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl tri-methyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC) as cationizing agent to impart positive charge on the cellulose. The modified and unmodified blended fabrics were dyed in a single bath with direct and acid dyes under various concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 per cent on the weight of fabric by exhaust method. The dyeing of modified and unmodified fabrics was characterized through the properties such as K/S and colorfastness to washing, rubbing and light. Findings The modified fabric exhibited higher color yield, comparable rubbing fastness and good washing fastness. Originality/value The dye uptake was maximum in a single-bath dyeing process of nylon-/cotton-blended fabrics without electrolyte addition, which minimizes the impact of dyes on environment.