Quantifiable urine glyphosate levels detected in 99% of the French population, with higher values in men, in younger people, and in farmers

France is the first pesticide-consuming country in Europe. Glyphosate is the most used pesticide worldwide and glyphosate is detected in the general population of industrialized countries, with higher levels found in farmers and children. Little data was available concerning exposure in France. Our objective was to determine glyphosate levels in the French general population and to search for an association with seasons, biological features, lifestyle status, dietary habits, and occupational exposure. This study includes 6848 participants recruited between 2018 and 2020. Associated data include age, gender, location, employment status, and dietary information. Glyphosate was quantified by a single laboratory in first-void urine samples using ELISA. Our results support a general contamination of the French population, with glyphosate quantifiable in 99.8% of urine samples with a mean of 1.19 ng/ml + / − 0.84 after adjustment to body mass index (BMI). We confirm higher glyphosate levels in men and children. Our results support glyphosate contamination through food and water intake, as lower glyphosate levels are associated with dominant organic food intake and filtered water. Higher occupational exposure is confirmed in farmers and farmers working in wine-growing environment. Thus, our present results show a general contamination of the French population with glyphosate, and further contribute to the description of a widespread contamination in industrialized countries.

Cyberphysical system of watering with remote control

In today's reality, the pace of people's lives is much higher than it was 30 years ago and it is still growing. At the same time, the amount of information also growing. This information should to be processed constantly, daily, as soon it is received. Production volumes are also not standing still. Such a lively pace of life requires process consistency and continuity. And these processes must be provided by man. This article describes the system of watering which should automate the process of growing plants. Also the analysis of a new branch, cyber-physical systems is carried out. The analysis of modern systems of autonomous irrigation, principles of their construction and organization of their work are committed. A method of implementing a system that provides the possibility of constant monitoring of the growing environment and provides an opportunity to influence it is suggested. The choice of components for system construction is made. The algorithm of the program operation is described. An analysis of the relationship between system components and the user's relationship with the system is performed.

US2RO: Union of Superpoints to Recognize Objects

The creation of interactive virtual reality (VR) applications from 3D scanned content usually includes a lot of manual and repetitive work. Our research aim is to develop agents that recognize objects to enhance the creation of interactive VR applications. We trained partition agents in our superpoint growing environment that we extended with an expert function. This expert function solves the sparse reward signal problem of the previous approaches and enables to use a variant of imitation learning and deep reinforcement learning with dense feedback. Additionally, the function allows to calculate a performance metric for the degree of imitation for different partitions. Furthermore, we introduce an environment to optimize the superpoint generation. We trained our agents with 1182 scenes of the ScanNet data set. More specifically, we trained different neural network architectures with 1170 scenes and tested their performance with 12 scenes. Our intermediate results are promising such that our partition system might be able to assist the VR application development from 3D scanned content in near future.

Changes in Ripening-Related Quality Traits of Long Shelf Life Tomatoes as Influenced by Water Deficit and Short-Term Postharvest Storage

The diversity preserved within the European long shelf life tomato landraces (LSL) is a unique source to design high quality tomato products better adapted to changing environmental conditions and, thereby, to reduce food losses. The adaptation of LSL to water deficit (WD) management practices and their postharvest keeping ability can be used as tools to concomitantly enhance fruit quality and sustainable production. In this study, we investigated the effect of WD conditions and the plant growing environment (open field vs. tunnel) on quality traits of two genotypes of the Penjar LSL variety (modern hybrid (MV) and landrace (LR)). Changes in ripening-related quality traits (fruit ethylene production, respiration rate, firmness, color, soluble solids content, titratable acidity and the content of antioxidants, as well as specific sugars and acids) in response to the different preharvest factors were evaluated at the time of harvest and after a short period of storage (30 days), following actual commercial practices. Significant differences among genotypes were encountered for most quality traits at the time of harvest and higher intra- and inter-environment heterogeneity was observed in the LR than in the MV genotype. In general, Penjar tomatoes exhibit a low physiological activity (ethylene production, 0.56–1.33 µL kg−1 h−1, respiration rate: 0.015–0.026 mg CO2 kg−1 h−1) at harvest. In both genotypes, WD increased to a different extent the fruit external color (redness, lightness) as well as the sensory (SSC) and nutritional (antioxidant capacity) fruit profiles. By contrast, the growing environment had little impact on most fruit quality traits. Postharvest storage only led to a slight reduction in the fruit respiration and ethylene production, lower sugars and acids content, enhanced color and no firmness changes. Overall, the results from this study demonstrate that selecting the appropriate genotypes is the most important step towards the design of high-quality LSL tomatoes, while WD and short-term storage can be used by farmers as a strategy to differentiate the product quality in specific market niches.

Respon Genotipe Padi Lokal terhadap Cekaman Rendaman di Pembibitan

Uncertain climate change impacts the difficulty of predicting the intensity of floods that hit rice fields in flood-prone areas, both the duration of the submerged plants and the height of the water surface. In order to evaluate the tolerance level and response of several local rice genotypes to submersion stress in the vegetative phase, 50 rice genotypes were screened (47 North Sumatran local varieties, 3 VUB), using special ponds to simulate flooding or inundation stress. The study used a separate plot design with three replications; the main plot was three immersion models, namely full immersion, partial soaking, and not soaking, and subplots of 50 rice genotypes. The immersion treatment was defined as a different growing environment. The results showed that in the fully submerged treatment, the recovery capacity of local rice plants only ranged from 0-20%. The new, improved varieties tested were Inpari 4 (susceptible), Inpari 3, 10, Ciherang, Inpara 2 (very susceptible), Inpari 30, FR13A (very tolerant). Submersion tolerant genotypes had a slight increase in plant height after being fully submerged. The chlorophyll content in the leaves decreased immediately after the soaking stress period (14 DAP) in all rice genotypes. The local rice genotypes tested were very susceptible to immersion; the new superior variety Inpari 4 was categorized as susceptible, while Inpari 30 and FR13A were very tolerant.

Pengaruh Pemberian Naungan Terhadap Aklimatisasi Planlet Strowberi Varietas Dorit dan Varietas Lokal Berastagi

Strawberry plant tissue culture techniques have been successful in plantlet propagation. In order to produce strawberry seeds that are ready for planting, plantlets must go through the acclimatization stage. A modified growing environment with a plastic hood or housing needs to be considered to provide optimal environmental conditions for the acclimatization of strawberry plantlets. This study aimed to describe the effect of shading and type of variety on plantlet acclimatization of the Dorit variety and the local Berastagi variety. This research was experimental with RAK using 2 factors, namely shade with the plastic thickness of 0.17 mm and 0.12 mm and types of local varieties of Berastagi and Dorit varieties. Parameters observed were climate data, vegetative growth (percentage of plantlets growing, number of stolons, diameter of stolons, number of leaves). The data were analyzed with Anova 2 factors; if the results were significant, it would be continued with Duncan's test. The results showed that the shade had a significant effect on the growth of strawberry plantlets. In contrast, the variety had a significant effect on the vegetative growth of strawberries, and the variety with the best growth was the Berastagi variety.

Interactions of Growth Environmental and Application of GA3 Concentration On Shallot Productivity

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the combination of technology using GA3 and agro-climate-based growing environment to increase shallot production in the lowlands. The study was designed with a nested factorial design, where the replicates were nested in an agro-climatic environment. The growing environment used consists of three conditions, namely open nature (e1), screen house (e2), UV plastic (e3). Meanwhile, the GA3 concentration (g) factor used consists of 4 levels, namely 0 ppm (g0), 100 ppm (g1), 200 ppm (g2) and 300 ppm (g3). This research design will be repeated 3 times for each treatment, so that the total experimental plot is 36 experimental units. The characters observed consisted of six characters, namely the number of leaves, absorption, reflection, tuber fresh weight, tuber diameter and tuber production. The results of this study indicate that GA3 treatment and UV application are very influential in increasing the productivity of shallots. The combination of 200 ppm GA3 concentration with the use of UV is the recommended technology in shallot cultivation. The fresh weight character of the tuber is a recommended secondary character in evaluating the potential of shallot cultivation technology. Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan No. KM.10, Tamalanrea Indah, Kec. Tamalanrea, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan 90245.

Greenhouse and High Tunnel Production of Specialty Cut Flowers

The objective of this study was to determine best production practices for five different specialty cut flower species at an altitude of 7200 ft. Region-specific information about cut flower production is important because of unique environmental conditions. We grew five specialty cut flower species in two different growing environments: a greenhouse and a high tunnel. Flowers were grown year-round in the greenhouse and during late spring through fall in the high tunnels. We also used pinching as another production method for the potential increase in branching. The goals were to test the effects of species, growing environment, and pinching on the days from sowing to harvest, stem length, number of stems cut per plant, and marketable yield. Experiments were conducted at the University of Wyoming Laramie Research and Extension Center in Laramie, WY, to assess the potential for producing specialty cut flowers for local consumption. The species used in this study included ‘Princess Golden’ pot marigold (Calendula officinalis), ‘Lucinda Mix’ stock (Matthiola incana), ‘Double Mix’ strawflower (Helichrysum bracteatum), ‘Dara’ ornamental carrot (Daucus carota), and ‘Celway Mix’ cockscomb (Celosia argentea). Results showed significant species × environment and season interactions, indicating the importance of species and production practice selections. We successfully sold the cut flowers to the university student farm for community-supported agriculture shares and farm market sales, as well as to a local florist for use in floral arrangements. This study concluded that careful species selection for season and growing environment is essential for the successful integration of these niche cut flowers into current or future greenhouse and high-tunnel production in Wyoming.

Compușii chimici volatili și noile genotipuri de viță-de-vie

In the process of development and ripening of berries, depending on fluctuations in climatic fac-tors, an aroma characteristic of the genotype of grapevine is formed, and as a result of processing the bunches, a bouquet of young wine is formed. Grapevine berries contain, for the most part, the same aro-matic chemical compounds, however, the specific aroma is due not only to their different mass concentra-tion, but also to their ratio in the aromatic complex of each genotype. The specific shade of aromas of a particular genotype and the accent of aromas of a particular genotype depends to a greater extent on the transmission of hereditary traits from parental pairs of crossing, the degree of ripening of berries, the phy-tosanitary level of plantings and on the influence of factors of the growing environment. The purpose of this study is to determine and comparative analysis of aromatic compounds in the berries of the rhizogen-ic interspecific genotype of grapevine Amethyst with the same complex of volatile compounds of the classic varieties Feteasca Neagră, Cabernet-Sauvignon, Malbec.