THE USE OF CARROT SEED OIL (DAUCUS CAROTA L.) TO FORMULATE NANOEMULGELS AS AN EFFECTIVE NATURAL SUNSCREEN AND SKIN ANTI-AGING

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a nanoemulgel containing vegetable oil of carrot seed oil as an effective natural sunscreen and skin anti-aging. Methods: Nanoemulgels containing 4% carrot seed oil were formulated in three formulas with different ratios of Tween 80 and Sorbitol and prepared by using the high-energy emulsification method. The nanoemulgels were determined for the organoleptic characteristic, globule size, pH, physical stability during storage for 12 w at three different temperatures (room, high and low temperature), centrifugation, and cycling test. The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value was determined by UV spectrophotometric method and the effectiveness of anti-aging was evaluated by using a skin analyzer and the results were compared with sunscreen emulgel. Results: Nanoemulgel containing 4% carrot seed oil with a ratio of Tween 80 as surfactant and Sorbitol as co-surfactant 40 and 20 resulted in the smallest mean droplet size of 338.34 nm and the sizes were increased during 12 w of storage at room temperature but still in the nano size and this nanoemulgel did not show phase separation or still stable. These nanoemulgels were also stable after the centrifugation and cycling test. The emulgel preparation was not stable or showed phase separation after the centrifugation test. The SPF value obtained from the nanoemulgel was 20.28±0.22 and these values were higher than the sunscreen emulgel (13.94±0.27). The pore size, spot, and wrinkles of the volunteer skin were reduced after using the nanoemulgel containing 4% carrot seed. Conclusion: The sunscreen and skin anti-aging activity of nanoemulgel preparation containing 4% carrot seed oil with a ratio of surfactant Tween 80 and co-surfactant Sorbitol 40 and 20 were more effective compare with emulgel preparation.

Planting Time Effect on Quality Seed Production of Three Varieties of Carrot (Daucus Carota L.)

Crop management like planting time is a crucial factor for maximizing yield especially for seed production. Seed production of carrot is greatly influenced by temperature as it requires adequate periods of cool temperature (vernalization) for flowering and seed production. To find out optimum planting time of carrot steckling for quality seed production the experiment was conducted at the Field Laboratory of Horticulture Farm, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from October 2015 to May 2016.Three planting time viz. 05 January, 15 January and 25 January on the seed production of three carrot varieties viz. BA (Brasillia Agroflora), PA (Prima Agroflora) and NK (New Kuroda) which constituted 9 treatment combinations were included in the experiment. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Planting time had significant effect on most of the parameters studied. The January 05 planting of steckling gave the highest seed yield (527.92 kg ha-1) and the lowest was in January 25 planting of steckling (314.75 kg ha-1). Among the varieties BA gave the highest seed yield (448.73 kg ha-1) and the lowest yield for New Kuroda (395.35 kgha-1.) Considering interaction of planting time and variety the highest seed yield (572.37 kg ha-1) was obtained from the treatment combination of early planting (05 January) with the variety of BA and the lowest (279.77 kg ha-1) was recorded from the late planting (25 January) in variety PA. Hence, BA carrot variety planting on 5 January may be recommended for carrot seed production in Mymensingh region in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(2): 23-34

Effects of Plant Extracts and Disinfectant Huva-San TR 50 on the Quality of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Seeds

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. (Aloe) and Morinda citrifolia L. (Indian mulberry) plant extracts and disinfectant Huva-San TR 50 (hydrogen peroxide stabilized with silver ions) on carrot seed quality. The seeds of two carrot cultivars Amsterdam (sample I) and Berlikumer 2 (sample II), were soaked in solutions of Aloe and Indian mulberry extracts and Huva-San TR 50 at concentrations of 0.025 %, 0.05 % and 0.1 % for 30 min. Untreated seeds and seeds soaked in distilled water for 30 min were used as controls. Seed germination was assessed after 7 and 14 days of incubation. The speed and uniformity of seed germination (vigour) were evaluated. Mycological analysis was performed using a deep-freeze blotter test. Sample I was characterized by lower germination at the first and the final counts than sample II and higher seed infestation with Alternaria radicina. Treating seeds of sample I with Morinda citrifolia plant extract at concentrations of 0.025 and 0.05 % reduced their infestation with Alternaria alternata and A. radicina, increased germination at the first and the final counts, and did not affect seed vigour. The effects of Aloe extract and disinfectant Huva-San TR 50 on seed quality parameters varied depending on their concentration. Hence, further studies are necessary to establish the optimal conditions for carrot seed treatment.

Improving vegetable production under semi-arid, saline conditions in south-western Madagascar

Agricultural production on the Mahafaly Plateau in SW-Madagascar has traditionally been based on subsistence rain-fed agriculture, with yields declining as a result of low soil fertility, recurrent droughts, and erratic rainfall. Market-oriented vegetable production in this area may help households improve their nutrition and diversify their income. In field trials between the 2013 and 2016 dry cropping seasons, the feasibility of carrot (Daucus carota L.) and onion (Allium cepa L.) production was assessed by testing effects of manure and charcoal amendments, shading, and seed quality on yields. Due to damage caused by cyclones and strong winds, only data from 2013 and 2016 are reported in this paper. Additionally to the field experiments, effects of salinity on seed germination were also examined under laboratory conditions and in the field. Carrot dry matter (DM) yields were 0.24 to 2.76 t·ha−1 while those of onion were 0.15 to 0.99 t·ha−1 DM. While the combination of manure and charcoal application had only minor effects on crop growth, manure alone increased carrot yield by 26% across years. After one cropping season, manure application reduced soil pH from 9.0 to 8.6 and increased soil Corg from 0.87 to 1.76%, N from 0.08 to 0.14%, and P from 10.6 to 15.1 mg·kg−1. Shading reduced carrot yields from 0.87 to 0.58 t·ha−1 DM in 2013 and from 1.87 to 0.85 t·ha−1 DM in 2016, but increased onion yield in 2013 from 0.24 to 0.62 t·ha−1 DM. Carrot seed procured locally performed better in the field than seed imported from the capital which translated into differences in seedling emergence. Saline irrigation water (electrical conductivity = 7.03 mS·cm−1) reduced seedling emergence rate of carrot from 73 to 20% and for onion from 44 to 28% and unprimed seeds performed better than primed ones. Using shading during the dry season is not advisable for carrot and onion production, but improving seed quality and targeted use of soil amendments (time of manure application, manure quality) may enhance vegetable yields.

The response of Stecklings Age and Plant Spacing on Carrot Seed Quality and Production

The quality of seed needs to be considered in carrot seed production to maintain its productivity. The research aims to find out the response of stecklings age and plant spacing on carrot seed quality and production. This research was held on July 2018 – April 2019 in Berastagi field trial (1340 m MSL). The experiment used Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors, i.e., stecklings age (2 and 3 months) and plant spacing (25, 50, 75, and 100 cm), replicated four times (32 experiment units), 10 plants from each experiment units were taken as samples. The result showed that stecklings age and plant spacing were affected to plant vegetative and generative stages. The combination of 2-month stecklings and 50 cm plant spacing increased the number of secondary umble, if compared to cultivation, which was generally used by the farmer (3-month stecklings and 25 cm plant spacing). The best quality of carrot seed was obtained from the combination of 3-month stecklings and 50 cm plant spacing.

DO JASMONIC ACID AND ACTIVATED CHARCOAL INCREASE THE in vitro DEVELOPMENT OF ORANGE CARROT (Daucus carota L.) AND PURPLE CARROT (Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef.)?

Present study aimed to reveal the effects of jasmonic acid and activated charcoal on in vitro carrot plantlet regeneration by using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with BAP, NAA, activated charcoal and jasmonic acid at various concentrations. To serve the purpose, in vitro carrot seed germination, shoots, cotyledons, and first leaves formation of orange and purple carrot plantlets were investigated. During the experiments, root size, weight, and size of petiole diameter, hyperhydricity and callus formation rate were recorded. Experimental results revealed that combination of jasmonic acid and activated charcoal in medium had a positive effect especially on the first stage of developmental processes such as seed swelling and germination, cotyledon and first leaf formation as well as having positive effects on above-ground internode elongation, petiole and plantlet height.