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MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
BIKRAM SINGH ◽  
ROHIT THAPLIYAL

Cloudburst is an extreme weather event characterised by the occurrence of a large amount of rainfall over a small area within a short span of time with a rainfall of 100 mm or more in one hour. It is responsible for flash flood, inundation of low lying areas and landslides in hills causing extensive damages to life and property. During monsoon season 2017 five number of cloudburst events are observed over Uttarakhand and analysed. Self Recording Rain Gauge (SRRG) and 15 minutes interval data from the newly installed General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) based Automatic Weather Station (AWS) are able to capture the cloudburst events over some areas in Uttarakhand. In this paper, an attempt has been made to find out the significant synoptic and thermodynamic conditions associated with the occurrence of the cloudburst events in Uttarakhand. These 5 cases of cloudburst events that are captured during the month of June, July and August 2017 in Uttarakhand are studied in detail. Synoptically, it is observed that the existence of trough at mean sea level from Punjab to head Bay of Bengal running close to Uttarakhand, the movement of Western Disturbance over north Pakistan and adjoining Jammu & Kashmir and existence of cyclonic circulation over north Rajasthan and neighbourhood are favourable conditions. Also, the presence of strong south-westerly wind flow from the Arabian Sea across West Rajasthan and Haryana on upper air charts are found during these events. Thermodynamically, the Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) is found to be high (more than 1100 J/Kg) during most of the cases and vertically integrated precipitable water content (PWC) is more than 55mm. The GPRS based AWS system can help in prediction of the cloud burst event over the specified location with a lead time upto half to one hour in association with radar products.  


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 20295-20298
Author(s):  
S.S. Talmale ◽  
Avtar Kaur Sidhu ◽  
Uttam Saikia

Birch mice are grouped under the monotypic genus Sicista Gray, 1827 and placed under the family Sminthidae. They are distributed over the Palearctic ream and the fragmented population of the species Sicista concolor reported from China, North Pakistan and India in Himalayan region. The present communication is a range extension of the Kashmir Birch mouse, Sicista concolor leathemi in Indian Himalaya and first report from Himachal Pradesh.


MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
B. P. YADAV ◽  
S. C. BHAN

The meteorological conditions leading to the July, 2005 floods in river Jhelum in the state of Jammu & Kashmir have been analyzed in the present study. The floods coincided with a spell of heavy rains over the state during second week of July 2005 caused by the interaction of a westward moving monsoon disturbance over the plains of northwest India and an eastward moving trough in middle troposphere over north Pakistan. Further analysis of precipitation over the state during the preceding winter season shows that there was record snowfall at many stations over the state. The estimate from KALPANA-1 satellite also revealed the highest snow cover area over the region since 1998. The higher volume of snowmelt because of the increased snow cover area seems to have significantly contributed towards the floods.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firdos Khan ◽  
Shaukat Ali ◽  
Christoph Mayer ◽  
Hamd Ullah ◽  
Sher Muhammad

Abstract This study investigates contemporary climate change and spatio-temporal analysis of climate extremes in Pakistan (divided into five homogenous climate zones) using observed data, categorized between 1962–1990 and 1991–2019. The results show that on the average, the changes in temperature and precipitation are significant at 5 % significance level throughout Pakistan in most of the seasons. The spatio-temporal trend analysis of consecutive dry days (CDD) shows an increasing trend during 1991–2019 except in zone 4 indicating throughout decreasing trend. PRCPTOT (annual total wet-day precipitation), R10 (number of heavy precipitation days), R20 (number of very heavy precipitation days) and R25mm (extremely heavy precipitation days) are significantly decreasing (increasing) during 1962–1990 (1991–2019) in North Pakistan. Summer days (SU25) increased across the country, except in zone 4 with a decrease. TX10p (Cool days) decreased across the country except an increase in zone 1 and zone 2 during 1962–1990. TX90p (Warm days) has an increasing trend during 1991–2019 except zone 5 and decreasing trend during 1962–1990 except zone 2 and 5. The Mann-Kendal test indicates increasing precipitation (DJF) and decreasing maximum and minimum temperature (JJA) in the Karakoram region during 1962–1990. The decadal analysis suggests decreasing precipitation during 1991–2019 and increasing temperature (maximum and minimum) during 2010–2019 which is in line with the recently confirmed slight mass loss of glaciers against Karakoram Anomaly.


2021 ◽  
pp. 114437
Author(s):  
Asif Khan ◽  
Sajid Ali ◽  
Waheed Murad ◽  
Khizar Hayat ◽  
Shumaila Siraj ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fayaz Khan ◽  
Salman khattak ◽  
zafar wazir ◽  
Zaheen Ullah ◽  
Ikhtisham Mehmood ◽  
...  

Abstract The current study was carried out near and surrounding fault line areas of Balakot-Bagh (B-B). The study aimed to find radon concentration levels in drinking water sources near and away from the fault line. The comparison was carried out for the radon level in those samples taken from the area near with those taken away from the fault line. Also, to evaluate health hazard from these drinking water to the people of the area. This area had received an earthquake of magnitude 7.6 in 2005. An active technique, RAD-7, based on alpha spectroscopy was used. The study period for the current study was three months, from 16th May to 15th August 2020. Radon concentrations were found higher in bore water with the mean value of 20.6 BqL− 1. These were 19.5 BqL− 1 and 9.3 BqL− 1 in spring and surface water, respectively. The mean value in all type of sources in the study area was 16.5 BqL− 1 which is higher than the maximum contaminated level of 11.1 BqL− 1 recommended by the U.S. The calculated doses from the radon levels were 0.0532 mSv, 0.0562 mSv and 0.0254 mSv and 0.0449 mSv, respectively.


Author(s):  
Umar Farooq Jadoon ◽  
Baochun Huang ◽  
Syed Anjum Shah ◽  
Yasin Rahim ◽  
Ahsan Ali Khan ◽  
...  

The India-Asia collision is the most spectacular, recent, and still active tectonic event of the Earth’s history, leading to the uplift of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen, which has been explained through several hypothetical models. Still, controversy remains, such as how and when it occurred. Here we report a paleomagnetic study of Cretaceous-Tertiary marine sediments from the Tethyan Himalaya (TH) in the Hazara area, north Pakistan, which aims to constrain timing for the onset of the India-Asia collision and to confirm the validity of already proposed models, particularly in western Himalaya’s perspective. Our results suggest that the TH was located at a paleolatitude of 8.5°S ± 3.8° and 13.1°N ± 3.8° during the interval of ca. 84−79 Ma and 59−56 Ma, respectively. A comparison between paleopoles obtained from the current study and coeval ones of the India Plate indicates that the TH rifted from Greater India before the Late Cretaceous, generating the Tethys Himalaya Basin (THB). Our findings support a model for a multi-stage collision involving at least two major subduction systems. A collision of the TH with the Trans-Tethyan subduction system (TTSS) began first in Late Cretaceous-Early Paleocene times (ca. 65 Ma), followed by a later collision with Asia at 55−52 Ma. The onset of the collision between the TH (plus TTSS) and Asia could not have occurred earlier than 59−56 Ma in the western Himalaya. Subsequently, the India craton collided with the TH, resulting in the diachronous closure of the THB between ca. 50 and ca. 40 Ma from west to east. These findings are consistent with geological and geochemical evidence and have a broad implication for plate reconfigurations, global climate, and biodiversity of collisional processes.


2021 ◽  
pp. 000276422110200
Author(s):  
Hasan H. Karrar

In February 2002, a Chinese State-Owned Enterprise (SOE), Sinotrans Xinjiang, partnered with a local Pakistani collective, the Silk Route Dry Port Trust, to finance and operate a dry port in mountainous north Pakistan. Given minimal overland trade between China and Pakistan, this was an unlikely place for investment by a subsidiary of one of China’s largest SOEs. Individuals who commanded extensive social networks and possessed local knowledge were instrumental in brokering the joint venture. Brokers both Chinese and Pakistani leveraged the implicit power of money to create a new institution, the dry port joint venture, that helped normalize the presence and operations of Chinese business leaders in north Pakistan. The joint venture also enabled Pakistani strongmen to exert their control over local land and draw funds from a public bank, activities that ultimately undermined the joint venture itself. This episode is more than just a cautionary tale of an unsuccessful joint venture between a Chinese SOE and local partners. The episode highlights how, in an epoch of transnational financialization, money empowered local leaders, public officials, and official organizations to engage in and indeed benefit from loss-making activities that combine both regular and irregular processes.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shafique ◽  
Naseem Ahmad ◽  
Mian Luqman Hussain

Abstract The Un Manned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have emerged as an effective tool for mapping and evaluating the landslides dynamics. This study aims to evaluate the dynamics of the landslide using the UAV derived aerial photos and Digital Surface Model (DSM). The selected landslides are the Nara and Nokot landslides in the rough terrain of Balakot, north Pakistan. The UAV survey was carried in April and August 2019 for Nara and Nokot landslides in Balakot. The images were processed in the Pix4D mapper to compute the orthomosaic and DSMs. The Ground Control Points (GCPs) collected in the geodetic survey with the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) using Post Processing Kinematic (PPK) were used to accurately co-register and orthorectify the UAV imageries. The derived DSMs were analyzed to evaluate the dynamics in the landslide’s topography and volumetric changes. The shaded relief single band was used to correlate the temporal images for the Nara and Nokot landslide using the COSI-Corr algorithm. The statistical and frequent correlator was used for landslide displacement. The result shows that the Nara landside has a surface movement ranging from 1 to 29 m in the NE scarp and lateral areas. The Nokot landslide has active NS, NE and NW scarps with a surface movement ranging from 1 to 25.5 m. The accuracy assessment reveals the RMSE calculated for the Nara landslide as 4.58 m and 4.24 m for the Nokot landslide. This study reflected the potential application of UAVs for monitoring the landslides dynamics to mitigate the hazard.


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