cameron highlands
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Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Mohd Amirul Mahamud ◽  
Noor Aida Saad ◽  
Roslan Zainal Abidin ◽  
Mohd Fazly Yusof ◽  
Nor Azazi Zakaria ◽  
...  

Many new agricultural activities resulted in severe soil erosion across the Cameron Highlands’ land surface. Therefore, this study determines the cover (C) and land management (P) factors of the USLE for predicting soil loss risk in Cameron Highlands using a Geographic Information System (GIS). For this study, data from the Department of Agriculture Malaysia (DOAM) and the Department of Town and Country Planning Malaysia (PLANMalaysia) were used to generate several C&P factors in the Cameron Highlands. Data from both agencies have resulted in C factors with 0.01 to 1.00 and P factors with 0.30 to 0.49. Due to the cover and land management factor varies depending on the data collected by the various agencies, this study used the two data sets to come up with a C&P factor that accurately reflected both agricultural and urban growth effects. RKLS factors of USLE were obtained from the DOAM with values R (2375–2875), K (0.005), LS (2.5–25), respectively. The Cameron Highlands’ soil loss risk with these new C&P values resulted in a soil loss of 6.72 per cent (4547.22 hectares) from high to critical, with a percentage difference range of −0.77 to +3.37 under both agencies, respectively.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swagata Sinha Roy ◽  
◽  
Kavitha Subaramaniam ◽  

If one has not read local English novels like The Garden of Evening Mists and The Night Tiger, one would never be able to imagine the wonders of locales depicted in these two books. One of the reasons the authors here want to visit a said destination is because of the way a certain place is pictured in narratives. Tan Twan Eng brings to life the beauty of Japanese gardens in Cameron Highlands, in the backdrop of postWorld War II while Yangsze Choo takes us into several small towns of Kinta Valley in the state of Perak in her beautifully woven tale of the superstitions and beliefs of the local people in Chinese folklore and myth in war torn Malaysia in the 1930s and after. Many of the places mentioned in these two novels should be considered places to visit by tourists local and international. Although these Malaysian novelists live away from Malaysia, they are clearly ambassadors of the Malaysian cultural and regional heritage. In this paper, a few of the places in the novel will be looked at as potential spots for the coming decade. The research questions considered here are i) what can be done to make written narratives the new trend to pave the way for Visit Malaysia destinations? ii) how could these narratives be promoted as guides to the history and culture of Malaysia? The significant destinations and the relevant cultural history of the regions will be discussed in-depth to come to a relevant conclusion.


2021 ◽  
pp. 279-301
Author(s):  
Mohd Hasmadi Ismail ◽  
Darren How Jin Aik ◽  
Mohamad Azani Alias ◽  
Farrah Melissa Muharam ◽  
Pakhriazad Hassan Zaki

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 177-190
Author(s):  
Afiq F.A. Rahim ◽  
◽  
Abd Rasid Jaapar ◽  
Zakaria Mohamad ◽  
◽  
...  

Relatively cool tropical climate with high annual rainfall experienced in mountainous tropical region creates favorable agricultural areas where intensive agricultural practices often correlate with increasing landslide events. While it has long been associated with landslides, agricultural practice in such areas especially in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia continues to flourish with minimal regard to environmental sustainability and safety. Therefore, this study aims to confirm the relationship between human activities and landslide occurrences and identify human practices that directly or indirectly cause landslides. Aerial photograph was used to identify landslides and anthropogenic features while other remotely sensed data including Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR) were used to establish the geomorphology of study area. A total of 207 landslides were identified in a 25 km2 area from remote sensing study and field mapping. They were superimposed over several potential contributing factors including geology, slope gradient and human activities. This study found that landslides are more likely to occur in areas greater than 15° of slope angle. The main factor, however, is the human factor where 164 landslides (79.22% of total identified landslides) were located in agricultural lands. Poorly planned and engineered agricultural farms were identified as the main causal factors for landslide occurrences at the study area, either directly or indirectly. These issues were observed through remote sensing study using aerial photograph which were then verified through site observations. New district development plan called for a stricter regulations in new tourism and agricultural developments. Improvements should also be implemented on existing agricultural activities where most of these landslides were located at this area. Therefore, in addition to controlling new developments, improving of existing agricultural practices in Cameron Highlands shall be a major focus in ensuring slope safety and their sustainability.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 4521
Author(s):  
Biswajeet Pradhan ◽  
Maher Ibrahim Sameen ◽  
Husam A. H. Al-Najjar ◽  
Daichao Sheng ◽  
Abdullah M. Alamri ◽  
...  

Optimisation plays a key role in the application of machine learning in the spatial prediction of landslides. The common practice in optimising landslide prediction models is to search for optimal/suboptimal hyperparameter values in a number of predetermined hyperparameter configurations based on an objective function, i.e., k-fold cross-validation accuracy. However, the overhead of hyperparameter optimisation can be prohibitive, especially for computationally expensive algorithms. This paper introduces an optimisation approach based on meta-learning for the spatial prediction of landslides. The proposed approach is tested in a dense tropical forested area of Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. Instead of optimising prediction models with a large number of hyperparameter configurations, the proposed approach begins with promising configurations based on several basic and statistical meta-features. The proposed meta-learning approach was tested based on Bayesian optimisation as a hyperparameter tuning algorithm and random forest (RF) as a prediction model. The spatial database was established with a total of 63 historical landslides and 15 conditioning factors. Three RF models were constructed based on (1) default parameters as suggested by the sklearn library, (2) parameters suggested by the Bayesian optimisation (BO), and (3) parameters suggested by the proposed meta-learning approach (BO-ML). Based on five-fold cross-validation accuracy, the Bayesian method achieved the best performance for both the training (0.810) and test (0.802) datasets. The meta-learning approach achieved slightly lower accuracies than the Bayesian method for the training (0.769) and test (0.800) datasets. Similarly, based on F1-score and area under the receiving operating characteristic curves (AUROC), the models with optimised parameters either by the Bayesian or meta-learning methods produced more accurate landslide susceptibility assessment than the model with the default parameters. In the present approach, instead of learning from scratch, the meta-learning would begin with hyperparameter configurations optimal for the most similar previous datasets, which can be considerably helpful and time-saving for landslide modelings.


Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1181
Author(s):  
Roslan Zainal Abidin ◽  
Mohd Amirul Mahamud ◽  
Mohd Fazly Yusof ◽  
Nor Azazi Zakaria ◽  
Mohd Aminur Rashid Mohd Amiruddin Arumugam

Uncontrolled deforestation and land clearing for agricultural, urban development, and infrastructure construction without considering cover management (C&P) factors have resulted in severe soil erosion over the land surface of Cameron Highlands in the state of Pahang, Malaysia. Thus, this study determines the C&P factors for the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) to forecast soil loss risk. Land use and land cover recorded by PLANMalaysia and the Department of Agriculture (DOA) Malaysia have produced different C&P factors in Cameron Highlands. The C&P factor produced from PLANMalaysia and the DOA has values ranging between 0.01 to 1.00 and 0.30 to 0.49, respectively. Since the C&P factor varies according to the data source, this study combined both data sources to capture both agricultural and urban development impacts, resulting in an acceptable C&P factor. These new C&P factors have improved the prediction of soil loss risk with 15.63% (10,581.86 hectares) of the Cameron Highlands area classified as having a moderate–critical soil loss risk compared to DOA 7.16% (4844.97 hectares) and PLANMalaysia’s 11.46% (7725.26 hectares). Thus, local authorities must strengthen all regulations and policies to address the predicted moderate–critical soil loss risk in Cameron Highlands, thereby preventing severe soil erosion.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2084 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
Nurzawanah Raihah Zamri ◽  
Nurul Nisa’ Khairol Azmi

Abstract The average global temperature has increased at a rapid rate over the past 50 years leading to global warming. The impact of climate change can be felt across the continents. In this research, analysis was conducted to model and forecast the monthly temperature of Cameron Highlands in 2020 and 2021, against its historical monthly average temperature from January 1990 until December 2019. Two (2) methods namely (i) Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model and (ii) Autoregressive Autoregressive (ARAR) algorithm were compared to determine the best model to forecast the monthly temperature of Cameron Highlands. SARIMA (1,1,2)(1,1,1)12 was found to be the best at forecasting the monthly temperature in Cameron Highlands as RMSE and MAPE values were lower than ARAR. In year 2021, the temperature in Cameron Highlands is estimated to increase by 1.6 °C. The result of the forecast showed that its monthly temperature was expected to increase in the next two (2) years. Hence, this calls for serious action to be taken by higher authorities.


2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 2937-2944
Author(s):  
Nusrat Munawar ◽  
Yang Farina Yang Farina ◽  
Mohammad Yaqoob ◽  
Abdul Nabi Abdul Nabi ◽  
Syed Munawar Shah Syed Munawar Shah

Gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) is used to extract and analyse pesticides in vegetable samples collected from Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia. The limit of detection (LOD) for all pesticides was in the range of 0.03 to 4.5 ng g-1. Recoveries in cabbage, lettuce, and celery ranged from 61.8%-121%, 60-128% and 60%-114%, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) ranged 0.2-15% in cabbage, 0.5-18% in lettuce and 3-19.8% in celery. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) concentrations increased down the valley with dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) having the highest concentration at 233 µg kg-1. Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) were found to be dispersed throughout the valley, with the highest concentration of parathion ethyl (133 µg kg-1) whereas the pyrethroid pesticides (PYRs) concentrations were comparatively less. The detection frequency in the wet season was highest (5 < - < 100 µg kg-1) for most pesticides. However, in the dry season the pesticides concentrations were higher, at < 5 µg kg-1. PCA analysis indicated that farmers were using a mixture of pesticides.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Wahidullah Rahmani ◽  
Mohd Nazre Salleh ◽  
Mohd Zaki Hamzah ◽  
Aminu Abdu ◽  
Mohamad Fakhri Ishak ◽  
...  

Tropical Montane Cloud Forest (TMCF) is among the most vulnerable habitats to fragmentation, deforestation, and global climate change. A successful restoration program requires a comprehensive understanding of variables influencing seedling efficiency. This study was conducted on Sg. Terla Forest Reserve Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia. In this study, we used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and measured the Magnolia champaca height, root collar diameter, diameter at breast height, plant survival, root diameter, main root length, lateral root length, root coiling, root direction, and chlorophyll content. The soil samples were taken to study the effect of different mulching materials on soil characteristics. We also measured soil compaction, soil texture, soil colour, soil moisture content, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total sulphur, available phosphorus, and exchanged potassium. This study indicates that mulching had no significant effect on plant height, diameter breast height, root collar diameter, and chlorophyll content between treatments. Although mulching had a significant effect on root diameter, main root length, and root distributions among treatments while for lateral root length and root:shoot ratio did not show a significant effect among treatments. However, oil palm mulching treatment had a greater effect on plant height, root collar diameter, and diameter at breast height growth, among treatments. Mulching significantly affected soil pH, soil moisture content, total sulphur, and potassium exchange. In contrast, mulching did not significantly affect soil organic carbon, total soil nitrogen, and soil available phosphorus between treatments.


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