disadvantaged children
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela K Schlueter ◽  
Ruth Keogh ◽  
Rhian Daniel ◽  
Schadrac Agbla ◽  
David Taylor-Robinson

Background Deprivation is associated with poorer growth, worse lung function and shorter life expectancy in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). While early growth is associated with lung function when first measured at around age 6, it is unclear whether improving early growth in the most disadvantaged children would reduce inequalities in lung function. Methods We used data from children born 2000-2010 and followed up to 2016 in the UK CF Registry. To estimate the association between deprivation and lung function at around age six, and the causal contribution of early weight trajectories, we extended the mediation analysis approach based on interventional disparity effects to the setting of a longitudinally measured mediator. We adjusted for baseline confounding by sex, birthyear and genotype and accounted for time-varying intermediate confounding by lung infection. Results 853 children were included in the study, including 165 and 172 children from the least and most deprived population quintiles, respectively. The average difference in lung function between the least and most deprived quintile of children, was 4.51 percent of predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (95% CI: 1.08-7.93). We estimated this would be reduced to 3.97 percentage points (95% CI: 0.57-7.38) if early weight trajectories in the most deprived children were shifted to the distribution observed in the least disadvantaged children. Conclusion Socio-economic conditions are strongly associated with lung function for children with CF which we estimated would only be marginally reduced if early weight trajectories could be improved for the most disadvantaged children.


2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-73
Author(s):  
Raj Kumar Gandharba ◽  
Ram Gaire

This paper explores the paradoxes inherent within the intentions of Nepal’s public education policies and their actual implementation in local communities. It looks specifically at Nepal’s Constitutional Right to equitable quality education for socio-economically disadvantaged children. It highlights paradoxes in four major areas: 1) free and compulsory education, 2) equity and inclusion, 3) localizing education policies, and 4) the use of language in education, in the federal context of Nepal. To analyse school education policies and documents, we used participatory methods to generate data under the interpretive paradigm. More specifically, we held FGDs and interviews with women, Dalits, people with disability, indigenous groups, local governments, parents, teachers and students. The results show a number of significant paradoxes between the educational policies and the lived experiences of those in the local communities. The education policies deviate from the spirit of the Constitution and implementation is unsuccessful in delivering equitable education for all. A policy on paper does not guarantee equitable quality education and there are a number of questions that the government needs to consider to achieve the equity agenda.


2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-225
Author(s):  
Chenxi Li ◽  
Hejing Liu ◽  
Zhijiang Liang ◽  
Gao Meng

Objective: Based on the environment-individual interaction model and the "evaluation-coping" theory, the relationship between Resilience, Coping Style, Core Self-evaluation and psychological health of disadvantaged children was explored to provide some theoretical support for psychological health intervention research. Methods: Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescent (RSCA), core self-evaluation Scale (CSES), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) were used to conduct a questionnaire survey among 618 middle school students in South Xinjiang. Results: First, GHQ-12 scores were negatively correlated with RSCA, CSES, and SCSQ scores (r=-0.57/r=-0.56/r=-0.49, P <0.001), and positively correlated with the level of psychological health; second, coping styles is a mediator between resilience and psychological health (mediator effect value is -0.04); third, core self-evaluation is a mediator between coping styles and psychological health, there is "resilience — coping styles — core self-evaluation — psychological health" path. Conclusion: Resilience can directly predict the psychological health of disadvantaged children, and indirectly predict psychological health level through chain mediation of coping styles — core self-evaluation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sertaç Erciş ◽  
Ahmet Şirinkan ◽  
Levent Önal

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of inclusive play and special movement education applied to disadvantaged and peer preschool children in Erzurum city center on their basic skills.22 students (10 disadvantaged children + 12 peer group children) consisting of disadvantaged children and peer children who were educated in special education and rehabilitation centers in the city center of Erzurum and participated voluntarily. Before the study, two seminars were given to the parents of the students, which determined the purpose and objective of the research. Students participated in a specially prepared game and movement training program for 45-60 minutes, 2 days a week during the summer period. Before starting the research, an interview and observation form consisting of 10 questions was prepared for the parents of the children and the results were recorded. At the end of the 2-month (8-week) period, interviews and observations were made with the parents of the children, and the last situation was recorded and compared with the previous situation.In the first parent interviews, the results of the research; it was observed that the children hesitated to participate in the study, they do not want to get close to other children, refrain from sharing game materials and avoid playing together and do not help. While they stated that they did not comply with the game discipline, they stated that at the end of the study program, their initial negative behavior developed completely in a positive way. In expert observations; it was observed that at the beginning, the children did not want to participate in the studies, did not listen to the volunteers, acted randomly, fought over the play materials used, and avoided playing together. While they observed that they behaved randomly, it was stated that the observations developed completely positively at the end of the research process.As a result, it was concluded that inclusive play and special movement training applied to disadvantaged preschool children and peers contributed positively to the social development of children.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261643
Author(s):  
Fiona C. Burgemeister ◽  
Sharinne B. Crawford ◽  
Naomi J. Hackworth ◽  
Stacey Hokke ◽  
Jan M. Nicholson

This scoping review examines the strength of evidence for the effectiveness of public policy-led place-based initiatives designed to improve outcomes for disadvantaged children, their families and the communities in which they live. Study designs and methods for evaluating such place-based initiatives were assessed, along with the contexts in which initiatives were implemented and evaluated. Thirty-two reports relating to 12 initiatives were included. Eleven initiatives used a quasi-experimental evaluation to assess impact, although there were considerable design variations within this. The remaining initiative used a pre- and post- evaluation design. Place-based initiatives by definition aim to improve multiple and interrelated outcomes. We examined initiatives to determine what outcomes were measured and coded them within the five domains of pregnancy and birth, child, parent, family and community. Across the 83 outcomes reported in the 11 studies with a comparison group, 30 (36.4%) demonstrated a positive outcome, and all but one initiative demonstrated a positive outcome in at least one outcome measure. Of the six studies that examined outcomes more than once post baseline, 10 from 38 outcomes (26.3%) demonstrated positive sustained results. Many initiatives were affected by external factors such as policy and funding changes, with unknown impact on their effectiveness. Despite the growth of place-based initiatives to improve outcomes for disadvantaged children, the evidence for their effectiveness remains inconclusive.


2021 ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
Katalin Kárász ◽  

The Kunhegyesi District is the most disadvantaged district in the Northern Great Plain Region of Hungary. The aim of this study, which serves as a basis for a social comparative analysis of the District’s settlements in the future, is to understand the demographic processes. Population in the District has been steadily decreasing since 2011 besides lower income levels, poorer health indicators and a higher proportion of premature mortality. Two out of three children are disadvantaged, while the vast majority of young people drops out of secondary school without any qualification. The higherthan-average proportion of Roma population alone does not explain worsening economic output, economic performance has nothing to do with ethnic origin. Reasons are rather to be found in the deterioration of social mobility of the past two decades. Similarly to areas with a higher proportion of Roma population, the District also undergoes an exodus of nonRoma, resulting in ghettoization, thereby further diminishing chances of social mobility. Thanks to social inclusion and recovery programs, as well as the commitment of local Roma stakeholders, promising changes are coming true with an increase in qualification and employment levels and a decrease in the number of disadvantaged children, question is whether development is sustainable in the long run, and also, whether the District has a potential to independently selfsustain social development.


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