fat consumption
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2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Hamieh ◽  
Alexis Descatha ◽  
Marie Zins ◽  
Marcel Goldberg ◽  
Sébastien Czernichow ◽  
...  

AbstractWe examined the prospective association of physical exertion at work with subsequent tobacco, cannabis, alcohol use, and sugar and fat consumption. Volunteers of the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort currently employed were included from 2012 to 2017 for tobacco and cannabis outcomes (n = 100,612), and from 2012 to 2016 for alcohol and sugar and fat outcomes (n = 75,414). High level of physical exertion at work was defined as a score ≥ 12 at the Rating Perceived Exertion Borg scale. Substance use was self-reported and diet rich in sugar and fat was obtained from principal component analysis and analyzed as quartiles. Generalized linear models computed odds of substance use and sugar and fat consumption at follow-up according to baseline physical exertion at work, while adjusting for sociodemographic factors, depressive symptoms and baseline level of consumption. High physical exertion was associated with tobacco use with dose-dependent relationships. It was also associated with increased odds of cannabis use at least once per month compared to no use in the past and with increased odds of diet rich in sugar and fat. Hence, the role of physical exertion at work on tobacco and cannabis use and diet rich in sugar and fat should be tackled for information and prevention strategies.


2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce H. Lee ◽  
Miranda Duster ◽  
Timothy Roberts ◽  
Orrin Devinsky

We reviewed data on the American diet from 1800 to 2019.Methods: We examined food availability and estimated consumption data from 1808 to 2019 using historical sources from the federal government and additional public data sources.Results: Processed and ultra-processed foods increased from <5 to >60% of foods. Large increases occurred for sugar, white and whole wheat flour, rice, poultry, eggs, vegetable oils, dairy products, and fresh vegetables. Saturated fats from animal sources declined while polyunsaturated fats from vegetable oils rose. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) rose over the twentieth century in parallel with increased consumption of processed foods, including sugar, refined flour and rice, and vegetable oils. Saturated fats from animal sources were inversely correlated with the prevalence of NCDs.Conclusions: As observed from the food availability data, processed and ultra-processed foods dramatically increased over the past two centuries, especially sugar, white flour, white rice, vegetable oils, and ready-to-eat meals. These changes paralleled the rising incidence of NCDs, while animal fat consumption was inversely correlated.


2022 ◽  
Vol 100 (S267) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Kutsyr ◽  
Agustina Noailles ◽  
Natalia Martínez‐Gil ◽  
Lucía Maestre‐Carballa ◽  
Manuel Martínez‐García ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Lilis Khotijah ◽  
M Yasin ◽  
Didid Diapari ◽  
Dilla Mareistia Fassah

The objective of this study was to evaluate nutrient digestibility and physiological status of local sheep at late pregnancy fed with flushing diet containing palm oil, lemuru oil, and their combination. In this research, the livestock used were 12 female local sheep at late pregnancy with an average body weight of 43.58 ± 5.57 kg were placed in metabolic cages. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) with 4 treatments and 3 block replications. The treatments were P1 = control ration (30% grass + 70% concentrate), P2 = control ration + 6% palm oil supplementation, P3 = control ration + 3% lemuru oil and 3% palm oil supplementation, P4 = control ration + 6% lemuru oil supplementation. The feed consumption, nutrient digestibility, and physiological status were measured in this study. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA. Means values differences were analyzed using Duncan test. The results showed that the addition of palm oil and lemuru oil to the concentrate diet increased (p<0.05) crude fat consumption, dry matter digestibility, and crude fat digestibility, but decreased (p<0.05) Nitrogen free extract consumption. Addition of palm oil and lemuru oil on the concentrate diet had no significant effect on dry matter consumption, crude protein consumption, crude fiber consumption, crude protein digestibility, crude fiber digestibility, Nitrogen free extract digestibility, and TDN value. The treatments did not affect significantly  on physiological status. It can be concluded that the use of 6% palm oil in the ration can increase crude fat consumption and crude fat digestibility in pregnant ewes. Key words:        digestibility, ewes, flushing, oil, physiological status


Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4505
Author(s):  
Sophie C. Hannon ◽  
Sarah E. Hillier ◽  
Pariyarath S. Thondre ◽  
Miriam E. Clegg

Slimming World (SW), a commercial weight management organisation, has designed a range of low energy-dense ready meals (LEDRMs) in line with their programme. This randomised crossover study compared commercially available equicaloric ready meals differing in energy density on satiety and food intake. It was hypothesised that the LEDRM would reduce energy intake (EI) whilst increasing fullness and reducing hunger compared to higher energy-dense ready meal (HEDRM, control). A total of 26 female participants (aged 18–65 years; body mass index of 28.8 ± 3.0 kg·m−2) attended two test days. The participants ate a standard breakfast, and four hours later, ate either a LEDRM or HEDRM at lunch. EI was measured four hours later at an ad libitum tea. Satiety measurements were recorded throughout the day using visual analogue scales and a weighed food diary was completed for the remainder of the day. The results revealed that the LEDRM reduced hunger and increased fullness (both p < 0.001). There was no difference in EI at the evening meal between the ready meals (p > 0.05), however, during the whole LEDRM testing day, the participants consumed significantly less fat (7.1%) and saturated fat (3.6%) (both p < 0.01), but significantly more carbohydrates, sugars, fibre, protein, and salt (all p < 0.01). The results indicate that the participants felt more satiated after consuming ready meals of the same energy content but larger portion size. Despite no significant difference in short-term EI between the ready meals, the results indicated that the LEDRM produced beneficial subjective satiety responses and, therefore, can help to improve the nutritional content of meals i.e., reduce saturated fat consumption.


Author(s):  
Alessandra Amato ◽  
Alfredo Iandolo ◽  
Giuseppe Scelza ◽  
Francesca Spirito ◽  
Stefano Martina

Abstract Objectives The present study aims to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on people’s mental and physical balance, oral hygiene habits, type of diet, perceived safety of returning to the dentist, and aesthetics with the use of masks. Materials and Methods An online questionnaire was submitted to the Italian population between December 2020 and January 2021. It was sent via online platforms and included 21 questions. Statistical Analysis Differences in rates were calculated by using the Chi-square test. The level of significance was set at p <0.05. Results A total of 1,008 individuals completed the questionnaire. About 72% of participants were not concerned about returning to the dentist. Approximately 45% of the individuals intensified their oral hygiene and preventive rules. About 38% of participants increased their carbohydrate intake, while 28% increased their fat consumption. Furthermore, 75% of the participants felt that the mask did not diminish the beauty of their smile. Conclusions Most participants felt comfortable returning to the dentist but only for more urgent treatment. However, most people reported that they had not stepped up their home oral hygiene measures. The biggest changes in the population’s eating habits involved increased carbohydrate and fat consumption. Finally, most participants responded that mask use did not compromise their aesthetics.


Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3164
Author(s):  
Ida Judyta Malesza ◽  
Michał Malesza ◽  
Jarosław Walkowiak ◽  
Nadiar Mussin ◽  
Dariusz Walkowiak ◽  
...  

The gut microbiota is responsible for recovering energy from food, providing hosts with vitamins, and providing a barrier function against exogenous pathogens. In addition, it is involved in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier, crucial for the functional maturation of the gut immune system. The Western diet (WD)—an unhealthy diet with high consumption of fats—can be broadly characterized by overeating, frequent snacking, and a prolonged postprandial state. The term WD is commonly known and intuitively understood. However, the strict digital expression of nutrient ratios is not precisely defined. Based on the US data for 1908–1989, the calory intake available from fats increased from 32% to 45%. Besides the metabolic aspects (hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system overstimulation, and oxidative stress), the consequences of excessive fat consumption (high-fat diet—HFD) comprise dysbiosis, gut barrier dysfunction, increased intestinal permeability, and leakage of toxic bacterial metabolites into the circulation. These can strongly contribute to the development of low-grade systemic inflammation. This narrative review highlights the most important recent advances linking HFD-driven dysbiosis and HFD-related inflammation, presents the pathomechanisms for these phenomena, and examines the possible causative relationship between pro-inflammatory status and gut microbiota changes.


Komunikator ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-200
Author(s):  
Prita Suci Nurcandrani ◽  
Yudi Sudiana ◽  
Ayu May Lisa

Non-Communicable Diseases such as stroke, diabetes mellitus, heart attack, and hypertension have increasingly lurked in Indonesia. The excessive consumption of sugar, salt, and fat (SSF) is the trigger for that case, and the government tries to take precautions for people from 13 to 18 years of age. Emphasizing on preventive health communication efforts, this study intended to assist the health promotion program of Puskesmas Purwokerto Utara 2 to apply Public Relations functions by providing IEC (Communication, Information, and Education) on controlling SSF in adolescents. This research used in-depth interviews and observations as data collection techniques, with qualitative descriptive methods to analyze the data. The result showed that this Puskesmas (district clinic) is identified as not implementing the SSF Control Program since its health promotion function is still more focused on routine programs. Meanwhile, 1.021 students in this work area need to prevent threatening diseases. Making collaboration with competent partners, Puskesmas may apply the functions of Public Relations in implementing the preventive programs by providing sufficient information about the danger of the excessive consumption of SSF, inviting people to change attitudes and actions, and representing the organization’s attitude towards society.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Froyen

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one contributor to death in the United States and worldwide. A risk factor for CVD is high serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations; however, LDL particles exist in a variety of sizes that may differentially affect the progression of CVD. The small, dense LDL particles, compared to the large, buoyant LDL subclass, are considered to be more atherogenic. It has been suggested that replacing saturated fatty acids with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids decreases the risk for CVD. However, certain studies are not in agreement with this recommendation, as saturated fatty acid intake did not increase the risk for CVD, cardiovascular events, and/or mortality. Furthermore, consumption of saturated fat has been demonstrated to increase large, buoyant LDL particles, which may explain, in part, for the differing outcomes regarding fat consumption on CVD risk. Therefore, the objective was to review intervention trials that explored the effects of fat consumption on LDL particle size in healthy individuals. PubMed and Web of Science were utilized during the search process for journal articles. The results of this review provided evidence that fat consumption increases large, buoyant LDL and/or decreases small, dense LDL particles, and therefore, influences CVD risk.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Hamieh ◽  
Alexis Descatha ◽  
Marie Zins ◽  
Marcel Goldberg ◽  
Sébastien Czernichow ◽  
...  

Abstract We examined the prospective association of physical exertion at work with subsequent tobacco, cannabis, alcohol use, and sugar and fat consumption. Volunteers of the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort currently employed were included from 2012–2017 for tobacco and cannabis outcomes (n = 100,612), and from 2012–2016 for alcohol and sugar and fat outcomes (n = 75,414). High level of physical exertion at work was defined as a score ≥ 12 at the Rating Perceived Exertion Borg scale. Substance use was self-reported and diet rich in sugar and fat was obtained from principal component analysis and analyzed as quartiles. Generalized linear models computed odds of substance use and sugar and fat consumption at follow-up according to baseline physical exertion at work, while adjusting for sociodemographic factors, depressive symptoms and baseline level of consumption. High physical exertion was associated with tobacco use with dose-dependent relationships. It was also associated with increased odds of cannabis use at least once per month compared to no use in the past and with increased odds of diet rich in sugar and fat. Hence, the role of physical exertion at work on tobacco and cannabis use and diet rich in sugar and fat should be tackled for information and prevention strategies.


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