irritation test
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

288
(FIVE YEARS 78)

H-INDEX

28
(FIVE YEARS 3)

Author(s):  
Yessi Febriani ◽  
Sudewi Sudewi ◽  
Rosanna Sembiring

Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum Cav.) is a plant that is spread in Java, Bali and North Sumatra, which is rich in nutrients and contain flavonoid as antioxidants that can prevent cell damage due to oxidative stress. Clay-based face masks have a firming and cleansing effect on the skin. Tamarillo was extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol extract, phytochemical screening was carried out. Clay mask formulation with extract concentration of 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and blanks. Physical quality test of clay mask preparations included homogeneity test, stability test, pH test, dry time test, irritation test, effectiveness test of clay mask preparation on volunteers using the Skin Analyzer Checkher (Aram), preference test and antioxidant test using the DPPH method. The results showed that the ethanol extract tamarillo contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and could be formulated into a clay mask preparation that was homogeneous, stable, met the pH requirements, and dried time. The results of the effectiveness test using a checkher skin analyzer give the effect of reducing blemishes, reducing pores, moisturizing, not causing irritation to the skin. The antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract tamarillo were in the moderate category with an IC50 value of 201 g/mL and the clay mask preparation of the ethanol extract tamarillo with a concentration of 2.5% was in the medium category with an IC50 value of 221 g/mL.


Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Naveed Ur Rehman ◽  
Chanwoo Song ◽  
Junhyeong Kim ◽  
Inhwan Noh ◽  
Yun-Seok Rhee ◽  
...  

Research on the development of dissolving microneedles (DMNs) has focused on bolus drug delivery, with little attention on sustained release. Here, we evaluated the sustained release, absorption pattern, and effective drug permeation of a novel donepezil-loaded DMN patch through an in vivo investigation on rats. The applications of DMN patches to the shaved skin of rats for 1 week and 1 h were compared with oral donepezil administration to assess their sustained release capabilities. We used a validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method to quantify donepezil in the plasma. We found that the microneedle arrays effectively delivered donepezil across the skin, with dissolution observed within 1 h of application. Furthermore, skin irritation test showed that the patches produced no irritation response. The DMN arrays also effectively increased drug permeation and demonstrated sustained release and absorption of donepezil from DMN patches. These patches allow extended dosing intervals, reduced gastrointestinal adverse effects, and convenient self-administration to mitigate poor drug compliance, making them beneficial for the treatment of elderly patients with Alzheimer’s disease.


Author(s):  
Narin Kakatum ◽  
Papawee Sookdee ◽  
Thanaporn Phromhan ◽  
Ilham Hamai ◽  
Natphapat Supatsaraphokin

This research is a study on the development of innovative clay mask mixed with the Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl extract product. The purposes of this research are as follows. Firstly, the research is to develop a clay mask product mixed with natural extracts from the Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. Secondly, it is aimed to study on the antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effect, antimicrobial effect and total Phenolic contents of the Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl extracts. Thirdly, it is tostudy stability of the product. Finally, the research is to study on the calculation of suitable product formulations for clay products mixed with Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl extracts. By starting from the selection of raw materials, the extracts are prepared to determine the total phenolic content. Later, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Assay method is conducted for antioxidant activity test, followed by anti-inflammatory effect test (Nitric oxide production inhibitory activity test, inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-α secretion test and Anti-inflammatory activity test (COX-2). Afterwards, a suitable formulation is developed. The test for the safety and physical properties of the product is then carried out followed by the skin irritation test in a group of 10 volunteers in order to ensure that the clay mask product containing Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl extracts is effective and safe. From the results of the product stability study, the findings indicated that the clay mask product containing Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl extracts did not show any phase separation. The irritation test in 10 volunteers after 12 hours of using the product showed no sign of allergic reaction, itching or irritation. Toxicity test results found no cytotoxicity. The anti-inflammatory effect test was found to have potent anti-inflammatory properties, when tested in the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell. This study is only for the development of an innovative product of skin clay mask mixed with the Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl extracts.


Author(s):  
FAJAR SETIAWAN ◽  
LUSI NURDIANTI ◽  
NENG SRI

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the IC50 value of zeaxanthin, to know the formula that meets the requirements of the results of physical evaluation of gel preparations, and to know the effectiveness of zeaxanthin gel as an anti-aging on the skin. Methods: The preparation of this gel is made using zeaxanthin as an active substance with concentrations of 5%; 7.5%; and 10%. Tests conducted are organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH, spreadability, viscosity, irritation test and cycling test. Tests conducted are organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH, spreadability, viscosity, irritation test and cycling test. Tests on the effectiveness of zeaxanthin gel preparations against the backs of volunteers' hands were divided into 4 groups as well as testing conducted over 28 d. Results: The results showed a value of IC50 zeaxanthin of 9.044 μg/ml, all gel preparations met the requirements of physical evaluation results except in cycling test and test results of the effectiveness of zeaxanthin gel preparations on the backs of volunteer hands there was an increase in humidity with an average increase of 33.17%±11.867 and wrinkles obedience with an average decrease of 47.466%±7.115. Conclusion: Zeaxanthin can be formulated as gel anti-aging.


Author(s):  
SNEHAL U KASHID

Objective: The birth of cosmetics forms an incessant narrative throughout the past of man as they developed. The present study aimed to formulate polyherbal hair oil using various efficient herbs. Methods: Hair oil formulation of Cocos nucifera (oil), Ricinus communis (oil), Brassica juncea (oil), Trigonella foenum-graecum (Seeds), Murraya koenigii (Leaf), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Flowers), Nigella sativa (seeds), and Cinnamomum camphora in the form of polyherbal oil using boiling method. These ingredients are rich in various phytochemicals, vitamins, proteins, antioxidants, and so many other constituents which are important for the growth and rejuvenation of the hair cycle. Evaluation of hair oil carries out by various parameters such as sensitivity test, acid value, saponification value, phytochemical screening, pH, specific gravity, viscosity, and irritation test. Results: All the values of evaluation are within the acceptable limit. As compared to market formulations, this herbal oil having minimal or zero adverse effects. Conclusion: It is concluded that formulated hair oil boost hair growth, decrease hair fall, dandruff, gray hair, and gives lustrous and shiny hairs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Indra Ginting ◽  
Asriwati Asriwati ◽  
Artha Putri Napitupulu

It is a direct and responsible service to patients in the pharmaceutical field, which aims to enhance the quality of life of patients by attaining certain goals. Satisfaction is a result of how people perceive their own and others' performances. The performance of the health services received by new patients will be pleased if it meets or surpasses their expectations, and patient disappointment or discontent will develop if the performance of the health services received does not meet their expectations. The purpose of this research was to find out whether there was a link between patient satisfaction at H. Adam Malik Hospital and the quality of the pharmaceutical services provided. Researchers at Medan's Haji Adam Malik Hospital used cross-sectional survey analysis to examine the link between the independent and dependent variables, namely, the quality of pharmaceutical services provided and patient satisfaction. Aromatherapy wind oil preparations using small white ginger essential oil (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) concentrations of 4%, 5%, and 6% meet the criteria, the organoleptic test is a light yellow, clear liquid, had a distinctive smell and felt warm, homogeneity, the wind oil pH test is 6, the irritation test was non-existent, and the hedonic test was successful. Outpatient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan was shown to be associated with the quality of pharmaceutical services, according to the study's findings.


Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Juhee Han ◽  
Ga-Young Lee ◽  
Green Bae ◽  
Mi-Jeong Kang ◽  
Kyung-Min Lim

Since the animal test ban on cosmetics in the EU in 2013, alternative in vitro safety tests have been actively researched to replace in vivo animal tests. For the development and evaluation of a new test method, reference chemicals with quality in vivo data are essential to assess the predictive capacity and applicability domain. Here, we compiled a reference chemical database (ChemSkin DB) for the development and evaluation of new in vitro skin irritation tests. The first candidates were selected from 317 chemicals (source data n = 1567) searched from the literature from the last 20 years, including previous validation study reports, ECETOC, and published papers. Chemicals showing inconsistent classification or those that were commercially unavailable, difficult or dangerous to handle, prohibitively expensive, or without quality in vivo or in vitro data were removed, leaving a total of 100 chemicals. Supporting references, in vivo Draize scores, UN GHS/EU CLP classifications and commercial sources were compiled. Test results produced by the approved methods of OECD Test No. 439 were included and compared using the classification table, scatter plot, and Pearson correlation analysis to identify the false predictions and differences between in vitro skin irritation tests. These results may provide an insight into the future development of new in vitro skin irritation tests.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Nabil A. Alhakamy ◽  
Shadab Md ◽  
Md Shoaib Alam ◽  
Rasheed A. Shaik ◽  
Javed Ahmad ◽  
...  

The present study aimed to optimize luliconazole nanoemulsion using Box–Behnken statistical design, which was further incorporated into the polymeric gel of Carbopol 934. The formulation was characterized for its size, entrapment efficiency, ex vivo permeation, and mechanism of release. The size of the dispersed globules of the optimized drug-loaded nanoemulsion was found to be 17 ± 3.67 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) less than 0.5. Although the surface charge was recorded at –9.53 ± 0.251, the stability was maintained by the polymeric matrix that prevented aggregation and coalescence of the dispersed globules. The luliconazole-nanoemulgel (LUL-NEG) was characterized for drug content analysis, viscosity, pH, and refractive index, where the results were found to be 99.06 ± 0.59%, 9.26 ± 0.08 Pa.s, 5.65 ± 0.17, and 1.31 ± 0.08, respectively. The permeation across the rat skin was found to be significantly higher with LUL-NEG when compared with LUL gel. Furthermore, the skin irritation test performed in experimental animals revealed that the blank NEG, as well as the LUL-NEG, did not produce any signs of erythema following 48 h exposure. In addition, the histopathological findings of the experimental skins reported no abnormal signs at the formulation application site. Finally, the NEG formulation was found to create a statistically significant zone of inhibition ( P  < 0.05) when compared to all other test groups. Overall, it could be summarized that the nanoemulgel approach of delivering luliconazole across the skin to treat skin fungal infections could be a promising strategy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-465
Author(s):  
Brijesh Mahesh Patel ◽  
Ashwin Bhanudas Kuchekar ◽  
Saish Rajendra Pawar

Topical drug delivery is the delivery of drugs anywhere in the body through skin, vaginal, ophthalmic and rectal routes. Drugs may be given for localized or systemic effects. Topical formulations with varying physicochemical properties, such as solid, semisolid, or liquid, can be developed. The topical system is created by preparing a drug emulsion and incorporating it into an emulgel. Emulgel is a thermodynamically stable formulation with low interfacial tension that is made by combining a surfactant and a co-surfactant and has several properties such as increased permeability and good thermodynamic stability. Emulgel has a dual control and a sustained release pattern. Emulgel improves bioavailability as well as patient compliance. The pH, viscosity, particle size, zeta potential, drug content, stability study, skin irritation test, and other properties of the prepared formulation are evaluated.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document