terrestrial vertebrate
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Lynggaard ◽  
Mads Frost Bertelsen ◽  
Casper V. Jensen ◽  
Matthew S. Johnson ◽  
Tobias Guldberg Frøslev ◽  
...  

GCB Bioenergy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Hanssen ◽  
Z.J.N. Steinmann ◽  
V. Daioglou ◽  
M. Čengić ◽  
D.P. Van Vuuren ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Michael Baker

There is much concern about disruption of endocrine physiology regulated by steroid hormones in humans, other terrestrial vertebrates and fish by industrial chemicals, such as bisphenol A, and pesticides, such as DDT. These endocrine-disrupting chemicals influence steroid-mediated physiology in humans and other vertebrates by competing with steroids for receptor binding sites, disrupting diverse responses involved in reproduction, development and differentiation. Here I discuss that due to evolution of the progesterone receptor (PR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) after ray-finned fish and terrestrial vertebrates diverged from a common ancestor, each receptor evolved to respond to different steroids in ray-finned fish and terrestrial vertebrates. In elephant shark, a cartilaginous fish, ancestral to ray-finned fish and terrestrial vertebrates, both progesterone and 17,20-beta-dihydroxy-progesterone activate the PR. During the evolution of ray-finned fish and terrestrial vertebrates, the PR in terrestrial vertebrates continued responding to progesterone and evolved to weakly respond to 17,20-beta-dihydroxy-progesterone. In contrast, the physiological progestin for the PR in zebrafish and other ray-finned fish is 17,20-beta-dihydroxy-progesterone, and ray-finned fish PR responds weakly to progesterone. The MR in fish and terrestrial vertebrates also diverged to have different responses to progesterone. Progesterone is a potent agonist for elephant shark MR, zebrafish MR and other fish MRs, in contrast to progesterone’s opposite activity as an antagonist for aldosterone, the physiological mineralocorticoid for human MR. These different physiological ligands for fish and terrestrial vertebrate PR and MR need to be considered in applying data for their disruption by chemicals in fish and terrestrial vertebrates to each other.


Paleobiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Caleb M. Brown ◽  
Nicolás E. Campione ◽  
Gregory P. Wilson Mantilla ◽  
David C. Evans

Abstract The end-Cretaceous (K/Pg) mass extinction event is the most recent and well-understood of the “big five” and triggered establishment of modern terrestrial ecosystem structure. Despite the depth of research into this event, our knowledge of upper Maastrichtian terrestrial deposits globally relies primarily on assemblage-level data limited to a few well-sampled formations in North America, the Hell Creek and Lance Formations. These assemblages disproportionally affect our interpretations of this important interval. Multiple investigations have quantified diversity patterns within these assemblages, but the potential effect of formation-level size-dependent taphonomic biases and their implications on extinction dynamics remains unexplored. Here, the relationship between taphonomy and body size of the Hell Creek Formation and Lance Formation dinosaurs and mammals are quantitatively analyzed. Small-bodied dinosaur taxa (<70 kg) are consistently less complete, unlikely to be articulated, and delayed in their description relative to their large-bodied counterparts. Family-level abundance (particularly skeletons) is strongly tied to body mass, and the relative abundance of juveniles of large-bodied taxa similarly is underrepresented. Mammals show similar but nonsignificant trends. The results are remarkably similar to those from the Campanian-aged Dinosaur Park Formation, suggesting a widespread strong taphonomic bias against the preservation of small taxa, which will result in their seemingly depauperate diversity within the assemblage. This taphonomically skewed view of diversity and abundance of small-bodied taxa amid our best late Maastrichtian samples has significant implications for understanding speciation and extinction dynamics (e.g., size-dependent extinction selectivity) across the K/Pg boundary.


Author(s):  
María Mar Sánchez-Montoya ◽  
Rosa Gómez ◽  
Jose F. Calvo ◽  
Tomáš Bartonička ◽  
Thibault Datry ◽  
...  

Acarologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-789
Author(s):  
Ricardo Bassini-Silva ◽  
Julia Carvalho Takatsu ◽  
Sergio E. Bermúdez ◽  
Roberto J. Miranda ◽  
Cal Welbourn ◽  
...  

An updated checklist of chiggers from the family Trombiculidae and Leeuwenhoekiidae is presented, with 81 species in 38 genera parasitizing different terrestrial vertebrate hosts in Panama. The depository for all Panamanian records, including new localities and host-associations records for the species Blankaartia sinnamaryi (Floch and Fauran, 1956), Eutrombicula tinami (Oudemans, 1910), Eutrombicula goeldii (Oudemans, 1910), Hooperella vesperuginis (Brennan and Jones, 1960), and Pseudoschoengastia bulbifera Brennan, 1960 were provided.


Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Sebastián‐González ◽  
Zebensui Morales‐Reyes ◽  
Francisco Botella ◽  
Lara Naves‐Alegre ◽  
Juan M. Pérez‐García ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10287
Author(s):  
Matyáš Adam ◽  
Pavel Tomášek ◽  
Jiří Lehejček ◽  
Jakub Trojan ◽  
Tomáš Jůnek

Camera traps are increasingly one of the fundamental pillars of environmental monitoring and management. Even outside the scientific community, thousands of camera traps in the hands of citizens may offer valuable data on terrestrial vertebrate fauna, bycatch data in particular, when guided according to already employed standards. This provides a promising setting for Citizen Science initiatives. Here, we suggest a possible pathway for isolated observations to be aggregated into a single database that respects the existing standards (with a proposed extension). Our approach aims to show a new perspective and to update the recent progress in engaging the enthusiasm of citizen scientists and in including machine learning processes into image classification in camera trap research. This approach (combining machine learning and the input from citizen scientists) may significantly assist in streamlining the processing of camera trap data while simultaneously raising public environmental awareness. We have thus developed a conceptual framework and analytical concept for a web-based camera trap database, incorporating the above-mentioned aspects that respect a combination of the roles of experts’ and citizens’ evaluations, the way of training a neural network and adding a taxon complexity index. This initiative could well serve scientists and the general public, as well as assisting public authorities to efficiently set spatially and temporarily well-targeted conservation policies.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Nistreanu ◽  
◽  
Vladimir Turcan ◽  
Alina Larion ◽  
Vladislav Caldari ◽  
...  

The studies were performed in the period 2015-2021 in various ecosystems of the Landscape Reserve „La Castel” from the northern part of the Republic of Moldova. The amphibian are represented by 11 species of the orders Urodela and Anura. Among reptiles 8 species from two orders have been identified: Testudines with one species and Squamata with 7 species. 11 species of herpethofauna are listed in the Red Book of Moldova. The ornithofauna was represented by over 120 species and is dominated by the silvicolous species. Four bird species are listed in the Red Book of Moldova. The mammal fauna includes 45 species, of which 13 are listed in the Red Book of Moldova. A large maternity colony of Myotis blythii was monitored during the last years. The Reserve „La Castel” represent an important scientific site and the studies will continue.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Lynggaard ◽  
Mads Frost Bertelsen ◽  
Casper V. Jensen ◽  
Matthew S. Johnson ◽  
Tobias Guldberg Froslev ◽  
...  

Assessing and studying the distribution, ecology, diversity and movements of species is key in understanding environmental and anthropogenic effects on natural ecosystems. Although environmental DNA is rapidly becoming the tool of choice to assess biodiversity there are few eDNA sample types that effectively capture terrestrial vertebrate diversity and those that do can be laborious to collect, require special permits and contain PCR inhibitory substances, which can lead to detection failure. Thus there is an urgent need for novel environmental DNA approaches for efficient and cost-effective large-scale routine monitoring of terrestrial vertebrate diversity. Here we show that DNA metabarcoding of airborne environmental DNA filtered from air can be used to detect a wide range of local vertebrate taxa. We filtered air at three localities in Copenhagen Zoo, detecting mammal, bird, amphibian and reptile species present in the zoo or its immediate surroundings. Our study demonstrates that airDNA has the capacity to complement and extend existing terrestrial vertebrate monitoring methods and could form the cornerstone of programs to assess and monitor terrestrial communities, for example in future global next generation biomonitoring frameworks.


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