Exploring the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on Algeria’s energy used and climate change based on Olduvai theory

The Death of Industrial Civilization explains how the contemporary ecological crisis within industrial society is caused by the values inherent in unlimited economic growth and competitive materialism. It demonstrates the central role and importance of electricity, and what policy makers need to do in order to ensure that current and future systems remain reliable even as they are transformed by the rise of clean energy technologies. The novel COVID19 pandemic has created an unprecedented global health and economic crisis. The result of such a scenario is that energy demand contracts by 6%, the largest in 70 years in percentage terms and the largest ever in absolute terms. The impact of Covid19 on energy demand in 2020 would be more than seven times larger than the impact of the 2008 financial crisis on global energy demand and this is what the Olduvai theory is defined by e=energy production/population. It states that the life expectancy of Industrial Civilization is less than or equal to 100 years.

Agroecological practices as sustainable management of common natural resources: the case of Latvian permaculture movement

Scientific evidence is robust about the environmentally destructive side-effects of the current industrial civilization and that requires radical actions to safeguard sustainable management of natural resources and liveable Planet Earth. Agroecology as a broader movement serves some of this role in demonstrating alternative practices in food production and ecosystem management. This paper demonstrates that the permaculture movement in Latvia is developing as a recognized alternative on the pathway to solutions, linking to the work elsewhere done on management of common natural resources – the things that no one owns and are shared by everyone. The author have explored the development of the permaculture movement in Latvia since its first roots in the late 2000s and the establishment of the Latvian Permaculture Association (LPA) in 2011. The contribution of the movement manifests itself in diverse aspects. It unifies various sustainability-oriented people, grounds itself in locality and traditions, organises practically oriented events to upskill people, and collaborates with Latvian environmental organisations and internationally. Within the research the author consciously opted for an in-depth involvement and co-creation of initiatives within the permaculture movement, leading the LPA since 2016 and organizing multiple events and workshops. That leads to further reflections on the role and necessity for participatory action research for sustainability transformations and common natural resources.

Formation of regional inter-sectoral complexes of recreation and tourism activity as a sign of structural reorganization of the economy

Changes taking place in recent decades in the global economy have led to the formation and development of new highly differentiated inter-branch complexes, rather than separated industries. In the global economy, such reorganization is marked by the formation of new sectors of the economy, one of which is a sector of socio-natural types of economic activity. At the level of regions, new integration formations are developed - regional inter-sectoral recreational complexes (IcRC). The purpose of our study is to substantiate the formation of regional inter-sectoral complexes of recreational and tourist activities (RTA) in the conditions of radical restructuring of the economy of post-industrial civilization. Inter-sectoral complex RTA is a set of different types of activities of the population - economic and non-economic, as well as leisure forms that provide the needs of the population of the region (countries) in recreation services, health improvement, healing and tourism, accompanying social services and recreational and tourist infrastructure. The study presents an author's vision of the composition and structuring of the regional inter-sectoral complex of recreation and tourism activity. The developed model of the inter-sectoral complex RTA covers all varieties of recreational activities with all its forms - tourism, organized recreation, unorganized (amateur) mass recreation, household recreation. The geographical bases for the formation of regional inter-sectoral recreational complexes are serving recreational and tourist resources - destinations that determine the specialization of the region by types of RTA. Depending on the level of development of RTA in the region, the RTA management systems may form. At the local and regional levels, the RTA nodes will be destinations - local and regional concentration of recreational and tourist resources with appropriate infrastructure. On the global (international) level, RTA retains a network form of a territorial organization, whose nodes are world centres and areas of tourism, as well as the main areas of formation of tourist flows.

Theoretical and methodological essence of noospheric geography of the 21st century

In modern conditions of globalization of society development and fleeting transformations of natural processes, when the development of science, includinggeographical, is extremely accelerated, there is a rapid complication of forms and methods of theoretical and methodological knowledge, which makes it necessary to conduct logical and methodological analysis of geography in modern conditions. It turned out that a hundred years ago, says Edwin Toffler, Thomas Mann put forward a formula that expressed the feeling of death of a certain era. Today, humanity has approached an invisible boundary that separates one era from another. It is established that the world is on the threshold of grand social changes, technical and cultural innovations. In these conditions, when the world has become completely different, it is important for geographers to understand the consequences of the ongoing transformation processes. All this requires a new understanding from the standpoint of a globalized society, to find out what fundamental consequences for geography brought the information technology revolution, which will result in new paradigms for the development of our science. A. Toffler argued in «The Third Wave» that humanity was approaching a new technological revolution, that is, the First Wave (agrarian civilization and the Second (industrial civilization)) was replaced by a new wave that led to the creation of a supra-industrial civilization almost twenty years ago. If the concept of «living matter» (as a natural planetary body) underlies the doctrine of the biosphere, then the selection of such a natural phenomenon on a planetary scale as «scientific thought», becomes the most important naturalistic generalization in the theory of the noosphere. Nowadays, the idea of the coherence of the most progressive social laws and the achievements of scientific knowledge acquires a special meaning, becomes the most important problem of the very existence of human civilization. Based on the above, according to M. V. Bahrov, L. H. Rudenko and I. H. Chervaniov, we argue that «there was a need to create new scientific products that reflect the state and problems of the current stage of development of society», i. e., noosphere geography. The refore, the realization of the purpose of the study is to identify scientific sources about the change of the theoretical essence of modern geography, substantiation of the theoretical and methodological essence of the «new» noosphere geography in the transition of information society to noosphere and clarify the place of noosphere geography in general scientific classification.

TERM SYSTEMS IN THE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ON THE PROBLEM “AUTHOR'S SCHOOL”

The article reveals the need for a systematic study of the origin of the author's school in the context of socio-cultural, economic, and integration changes taking place in Ukraine. The study showed that in recent decades there has been a need to clarify the general principles of approach to the definition of such a concept as “author's school”. There was also the question of developing methods of systematic and holistic analysis of those processes that are characteristic of the development of pedagogical teaching, namely the problems that arise in the interpretation of certain definitions. The study of sources confirmed that the current stage of education development in Ukraine is characterized by an intensive search for new in the theory and practice of learning based on creativity. This is due to the fact that the general education system no longer meets the requirements of today in the post-industrial civilization, it cannot eliminate the contradiction between the focus on learning a significant amount of knowledge and the rapidly growing flow of new information, total unification, and standardization of the educational system. Education that requires new approaches, the organization of new author's schools. Thus, having built research as a system of clearly subordinated categories, concepts and provisions, we can, taking into account all the methodological problems of modern pedagogy, succeed and get the scientific novelty of the work of its scientific component (theory and practice). Analysis of the current situation regarding the formation of the terminological system of the concept of “author's school” showed that a clear categorical-conceptual apparatus makes it possible to clearly present the results of scientific research, use them appropriately, and justify their theoretical and practical significance.

Long-term cost-effectiveness of interventions for loss of electricity/industry compared to artificial general intelligence safety

Extreme solar storms, high-altitude electromagnetic pulses, and coordinated cyber attacks could disrupt regional/global electricity. Since electricity basically drives industry, industrial civilization could collapse without it. This could cause anthropological civilization (cities) to collapse, from which humanity might not recover, having long-term consequences. Previous work analyzed technical solutions to save nearly everyone despite industrial loss globally, including transition to animals powering farming and transportation. The present work estimates cost-effectiveness for the long-term future with a Monte Carlo (probabilistic) model. Model 1, partly based on a poll of Effective Altruism conference participants, finds a confidence that industrial loss preparation is more cost-effective than artificial general intelligence safety of ~ 88% and ~ 99+% for the 30 millionth dollar spent on industrial loss interventions and the margin now, respectively. Model 2 populated by one of the authors produces ~ 50% and ~ 99% confidence, respectively. These confidences are likely to be reduced by model and theory uncertainty, but the conclusion of industrial loss interventions being more cost-effective was robust to changing the most important 4–7 variables simultaneously to their pessimistic ends. Both cause areas save expected lives cheaply in the present generation and funding to preparation for industrial loss is particularly urgent.

Digital generation: losses and gains

Глобальный переход к виртуальной экономике и интенсивно развивающиеся цифровые технологии оказывают активное влияние на становление личности представителей поколе- ния Z (сетевого, iGen, next поколения). В условиях пандемии произошли серьезные трансфор- мации в образовании, что не могло не усилить воздействия цифровых технологий на сознание и поведение молодежи. В статье рассматриваются основные сферы личности современного молодого человека — коммуникативная, познавательная, эмоционально-волевая, мотивационно-потребностная, ценностно-смысловая, — формирующие стиль жизни, несвойственный предшествовавшей индустриальной цивилизации. Молодежь, в отличие от старших поколений, обладает гибкостью мышления и мобильностью, умеет работать в условиях многозадачности и медиамногозадачности, быстро воспринимает информацию, мгновенно переключается с одного дела на другое. Вместе с тем выявленные личностные и поведенческие особенности современного поколения показали, что его представители отчуждены от реального социума, имеют трудности с общением, испытывают субъективную зависимость от «цифры», что приводит к недостатку когнитивного контроля, инфантилизму, отсутствию глубоких межличностных отношений. Цель статьи: рассмотрение личностных особенностей цифрового поколения. Задачи: выявление его поведенческих реакций, оценка последствий влияния информационных технологий на подрастающее поколение, выработка предложений по решению проблем, возникающих в сфере коммуникаций и профессионального становления. Исследование осуществлялось посредством качественно-феноменологического метода, дополненного теоретико-методологическим анализом научной литературы, синтезом, конкретизацией, сравнением и обобщением. В результате были выработаны новые идеи и подходы, которые помогают молодежи развиваться в современной среде. Знание специфики цифровой социализации личности, особенностей представителей поколения Z позволяет соразмерно использовать полученные знания в образовательном процессе, содействовать в профессиональном самоопределении студентов. The global transition to the digital economy and digital society, intensively developing digital technologies, has an active influence on forming the digital generation’s personality (generation Z, network generation, iGen generation, next-generation). In the context of the pandemic, severe education transformations have taken place. It could not but affect the even more significant impact of digital technologies on the consciousness and behaviour of the modern generation. The article presents its features in the unity of the main spheres of personality — communicative, cognitive, emotional-volitional, motivational-need, value-semantic, influencing the lifestyle that is not peculiar to the preceding industrial civilization. Modern teenagers and young people have specific resources: mobility, multitasking, the flexibility of thinking, high speed of information perception, intellectual potential, activity, etc. At the same time, the identified personal and behavioural characteristics of the modern generation have shown that its representatives are in a state of estrangement from the real society, have difficulties in communication, experience emotional dependence on “numbers”, which leads to a lack of cognitive control, infantilism in real life, lack of deep interpersonal relationships. Purpose of the article: Considering the features of the digital generation in the unity of the main spheres of personality. Tasks: identification of personal and behavioural features of the digital generation; assessment of the consequences of the impact of information technology on the younger generation; development of suggestions for solving problems of communications and professional formation. The study of the phenomenological features of the representatives of the digital generation was carried out using a qualitative and phenomenological method, supplemented by a theoretical and methodological analysis of scientific literature, synthesis, concretization, comparison and generalization. New ideas and methods that affect the development of young people, taking into account the environment in which they are formed, based on the accumulation and analysis of information, have been developed. Knowledge of the specifics of digital socialization of an individual, the characteristics of representatives of generation Z will allow finding new landmarks in development, proportionately using them for educational purposes, and promoting professional self-determination.

Metaphoric characteristics of perpetuum mobile and its conductorial interpretation (based on the examples of compositions by D.Shostakovich)

The authors give theoretical substantiation and offer the ways to define the metaphoric images of perpetuum mobile in European music of the 19th - the first half of the 20th century. The research considers the common formative characteristics of an image (monothematism, variational nature, subordination to the continuous flow-through tempo), intonational components (noise and onomatopoeical effects, ostinato character, repetition of rithmic, texture and melodic formulae). The authors detect individual stylistic peculiarities in the realization of perpetuum mobile in the process of conducting a piece of music: sarcastic invariants of a theme (D. Shostakovich). Using the material of musical compositions, the authors substantiate and explain the universal character of the image of perpetuum mobile and its strong potential. The transformations of the image reflect the development of European music from pantheism of romanticists to the newest technicist tendencies of the 20th century, and represent complex conflict processes of the spiritual life of a person in the age of industrial civilization. The research of the image of perpetuum mobile of the previous ages doesn’t explain all the peculiarities of the phenomenon and determines the need for further research of the postmodernist music art of the late 20th - the early 21st century. Based on the offered images of perpetuum mobile in music, the authors detect their transformation from the sound images of the 19th century to anthropogenic allusions of the first half of the 20th century. It is proved that in the music of the early 20th century, perpetuum mobile is one of the implementations of the image of a “human-machine” - in music culture, becomes controversial due to wars and confrontation in the world, therefore the sound images of perpetuum mobile reflect a militarized conflict (a vivid example is Shostakovich’s Symphony No 7). The article characterizes the artistic and stylistic aspects of perpetuum mobile in the instrumental music of the 20th century. The authors note that in the beginning of the century, the image of perpetuum mobile gains the features of technicism, which promotes the development of a different interpretation and means of conducting a piece of music.  

VIDEOCONTEST SENSITIVITY OF PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN IN EXTREME CLIMATIC AND ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE ARCTIC

Ethnic groups of the small peoples of the North are a unique social phenomenon, as they preserve the traditional way of life laid down in age-old traditions, preserve the linguistic heritage, continue national crafts and way of managing. The interference of industrial civilization, environmental aspects, globalization processes, economic and cultural integration have their colossal destruction not only on the natural habitat and way of life of indigenous peoples, but also impose extremely high demands on the adaptive capabilities of the organism. Younger schoolchildren were examined who underwent visiocontrast perimetry in the range of spatial frequencies from 0,37 to 18 cycles / deg. It was found that for the diagnostic assessment of central vision in health and disease, it is necessary to take into account the age of the patients and climatogeographic living conditions

The Overview of the Conservation and Renewal of the Industrial Belgian Heritage as a Vector for Cultural Regeneration

Industrial heritage reflects the development track of human production activities and witnessed the rise and fall of industrial civilization. As one of the earliest countries in the world to start the Industrial Revolution, Belgium has a rich industrial history. Over the past years, a set of industrial heritage renewal projects have emerged in Belgium in the process of urban regeneration. In this paper, we introduce the basic contents of the related terms of industrial heritage, examine the overall situation of protection and renewal in Belgium. The industrial heritage in Belgium shows its regional characteristics, each region has its representative industrial heritage types. In the Walloon region, it is the heavy industry. In Flanders, it is the textile industry. In Brussels, it is the service industry. The kinds of industrial heritages in Belgium are coordinate with each other. Industrial heritage tourism is developed, especially on eco-tourism, experience tourism. The industrial heritage in transportation and mining are the representative industrial heritages in Belgium. There are a set of numbers industrial heritages are still in running based on a successful reconstruction into industrial tourism projects. Due to the advanced experience in dealing with industrial heritage, the industrial heritage and the city live together harmoniously.