OPTIMASI JUMLAH, POSISI, DAN DIAMETER NOZEL TURBIN PELTON MELALUI ANALISIS QFD DAN UJI EKSPERIMENTAL

Penduduk Indonesia belum sepenuhnya mendapat layanan penerangan listrik, terutama yang berada di daerah terpencil dan berada di lereng-lereng bukit, sementara di lokasi tersebut terdapat potensi energi yang cukup untuk mengerakkan turbin air sebagai penggerak generator listrik. Turbin pelton adalah salah satu jenis turbin impuls yang performancenya dipengaruhi oleh debit air, nosel, dan jumlah sudu, atas dasar tersebut penulis menyajikan artikel yang menerapkan metode quality function deployment (QFD) dan pengujian eksperimental terhadap prototipe turbin pelton di laboratorium Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang. Langkah-langkah dalam penelitian ini meliputi studi literatur dan lapangan, perancangan, pembuatan alat uji, pengujian, analisis data, dan kesimpulan. Variasi pengujian berdasarkan pada diameter, posisi dan jumlah nosel terhadap sudu turbin yang berjumlah 12 buah dan berdiameter150 mm, sedangkan untuk pembangkit listriknya menggunakan generator mini berdaya 350 watt. Hasil pengujian yang diperoleh adalah daya input (Pin) terbesar dengan nilai 73,6 watt terdapat pada dn 9 mm dengan posisi nozel atas dan bawah dan jumlah nozel 2 buah. Daya turbin (Pt) ) terbesar dengan nilai 70,1 watt terdapat pada dn= 6 mm, posisi nosel di atas dan jumlah nozel 1 buah, efisiensi turbin (ηt) terbesar dengan nilai 95,4 % terjadi pada dn = 9 mm dengan jumlah nosel 1 buah dengan posisi nosel di atas, daya generator (Pgen) terbesar 11,7 watt terjadi pada dn = 9 mm dengan jumlah nosel 1 buah dengan posisi nosel di atas, effisiensi generator (ηgen) terbesar dengan nilai 17,9 % terjadi pada dn = 9 mm dengan jumlah nosel 1 buah dengan posisi nosel di atas dan efisiensi sistem terbesar (ηsis) 17,1% terjadi pada dn = 9 mm dengan jumlah nosel 1 buah d posisi nosel di atas. Kata kunci: Turbin pelton, quality function deployment (QFD), pengujian eksperimental The Indonesian population has not fully received electric lighting services, especially in remote areas and on hillsides, while there is sufficient energy potential to drive water turbines to drive electricity generators. Pelton turbine is one type of impulse turbine whose performance is influenced by water discharge, nozzle, and some blades, on this basis the author presents an article that applies the QFD method and experimental testing of the Pelton turbine prototype in thelaboratory of Buana Perjuangan University, Karawang. The steps in this research include literature and field studies, design, manufacture of test equipment, testing, data analysis, and conclusions. The variation of the test is based on the diameter, position, and some nozzles for the turbine blades, which are 12 pieces and 150 mm in diameter, while for the power plant it uses a 350-watt mini generator. The test results obtained are the largest input power (Pin) with a value of 73.6 watt is found at dn 9 mm with the position of the top and bottom nozzles and the number of nozzles is 2 pieces. The largest turbine power (Pt) with a value of 70.1 watts is found at dn = 6 mm, the position of the nozzle is above and the number of nozzles is 1, the largest turbine efficiency (ηt) with a value of 95.4% occurs at dn = 9 mm with a total 1 nozzle with the nozzle position is above, the largest generator power (Pgen ) of 11.7 watt occurred at dn = 9 mm with some 1 nozzle with the nozzle position is above, the largest generator efficiency (ηgen ) with a value of 17.9% occurred in dn = 9 mm with the number of nozzles 1 piece with the nozzle position on the top and the largest system efficiency (ηsis) 17.1% % occurred at dn = 9 mm with the number of nozzles 1 piece with the nozzle position on the top. Keyword: Pelton turbine, quality function deployment (QFD) experimental testing

The design and execution of a laboratory micro hydroelectric power plant

The paper presents a laboratory micro hydroelectric power plant destined to applicative activities. The hydraulic turbine is a Pelton turbine, rebuilt by fast prototyping in Geomagic Design X and printed on a 3 D printer. The turbine casing and the afferent elements are made in-house. The hydrogenator is synchronous being an alternator from a Dacia vehicle. The hydrogenerator load is constituted by 3 groups of light bulbs. We analysed the working of the micro-hydroelectric power plant in idle run and for different loads. As a result of the analysis we found out that it stably works for different loads and by its open construction it is useful for developing students’ ability to understand the phenomena. The installation designed and executed is useful for the engineering students as the pandemic forbids the thematical visits in hydro-energetic facilities.

Reduced model design of a pelton turbine rotor via 3d printer for educational use

The impact of rapid prototyping on undergraduate engineering universities using a single machine or a wide variety of prototyping techniques is a lot discussed by many authors. In the past, manufacturing real models using a variety of model creation processes has enhanced graduate students' product design skills. The main advantage is the ability to verify different hypotheses research parameters and allow for improved project completion, reducing the costs of manufacturing instrumentation and test configurations, reducing the design-test-review cycle time, and presenting students with classes more practices and research problems. Thus, the experimental study through the reduced model of the rotor of a hydraulic turbine has its importance based on the fact that it is possible to analyze its behavior in the laboratory itself. The present work aimed to design, model and manufacture, through a 3D printer, a reduced model of the Pelton turbine rotor for didactic use. The turbine rotor was dimensioned based on the project input data such as: head drop, turbine power, engine speed, pressure coefficient and efficiency. The rotor disk diameter of 375.75 mm was obtained, where 25 shells will be assembled. The manufactured model will be printed to compose a didactic bench later built for use in practical classes. This bench will be a tool for experimental research studies, and also as a didactic resource in subjects such as fluid mechanics and flow machines, taught in the undergraduate course in Mechanical Engineering, as a way of internalizing the content learned in the classroom.

Parametric and Economic Analysis of a Pumped Storage System Powered by Renewable Energy Sources

This article presents a mathematical model to calculate the cost and production of electrical energy of a system that combines energy storage through renewable sources such as wind and solar energy, applying a theoretical framework of mathematical aspects to evaluate a pumped storage system with Pelton turbines, using a novel methodology, easy to replicate. The results show that a greater increase in the diameter in the pipe of the pumping equipment reduces the electrical power supplied to the pump. On the other hand, the hydraulic losses in the pipe leading to the Pelton turbine are negligible for long lengths, so setting the maximum length instead of a variable-length with the hydraulic height does not affect the result. Finally, the information and explanation of each of the graphs that correlate to the variables of interest are shown. This seeks to offer a contribution to support technological development in areas that do not have electricity, taking advantage of natural resources.

ANALISIS PENGARUH JUMLAH SUDU TERHADAP EFISIENSI TURBIN PELTON DENGAN TEKANAN KONSTAN

One of the renewable energy sources that can be used for electricity generation is the Pelton turbine. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the number of blades on the efficiency of a Pelton turbine with constant pressure. This research was conducted at the Unihaz mechanical engineering laboratory by varying the number of blades, namely 9 blade turbines and 12 blades. Tests were carried out by giving load gradually to the turbine until the turbine rotor rotation stopped rotating. The results show that in the turbine test with blades 9 the maximum rotation achieved is 698.2 rpm and the maximum rotor rotation is 714.5 rpm at blade 12. Likewise, the torque coefficient and power coefficient achieved by the turbine with 12 are greater when compared to the 9 blades. Meanwhile, the efficiency that can be achieved by turbines with 9 blades is 71% and at 12 blades is 79%. From this it can be concluded that the number of blades affects the rotation, torque coefficient, power coefficient and efficiency of the Pelton turbine with constant pressure.