Changes in the Field of Library and Information Science from Ancient Time to the Present Time: A Study

If we throw light on the history of the libraries in India, and then one main fact comes to light that the history of the libraries in India is a thousand of years old. The development of libraries in India can be divided in to Ancient Period, Middle Period, Mughal Period and Modern Period. Libraries existed those days when education was concentrated in Gurukul. Those days Guru was like a moving Library and they had unlimited store of knowledge. Over time, writing and ink began to be used and texts were also produced. In ancient times, handwritten texts were wrapped in cloth and leaf blisters because the art of printing was not invented at that time, But with the time the art of printing was invented and texts started to be printed and libraries came in to existence. The demolition of ancient cities which have been obtained by excavation is a proof that libraries existed in ancient times as well. Nalanda University established in ancient time had a three story Library Building called Ratnodadhi, Ratnasagar and Ratnaranjak. Similarly, temples and monasteries also had their own libraries which used to support religious and educational institutions. Father of Library Science Dr. S.R.Ranganathan who was presented the five laws of Library Science, his untiring efforts resulted in unlimited growth/development in the field of Library Science and the Library received a new direction and helped to give scientific form to the Library Service.

Strategic Human Resource Management in the 21st-Century Organizational Landscape

These days, employability and sustainability in the Romanian marketplace are seriously challenged by the general economic development conditions, the continuously rising living standards, and the unfortunate imbalance and irregularities in the policies of labor markets. These defining factors mirror in this current research that focuses on describing the importance, implications, and specificities of human resource management (HRM) and strategic human resource management in the 21st-century organizational landscape, while seeking to pinpoint the considerable and valuable benefits brought by human and intellectual capital as drivers for performance management at the organizational level. The results of the study themselves possess the explanatory power of showing that human resources are the main assets of the organization, which decisively determines the potential for present and future line of action, since human resources have unlimited growth and development potential, even though they are regarded as extremely rare, highly valuable, yet difficult to insure or replace.

SPATIAL PROBLEMS OF DYNAMIC STABILITY OF FRAME STRUCTURES

Periodic longitudinal forces in structural elements caused by operational or seismic influences, at certain values of the parameters of these forces can cause the occurrence and growing of transverse oscillations of these elements. This phenomenon is called parametric resonance or loss of dynamic stability. In the works of N. M. Belyaev, N. M. Krylov, М. М. Bogolyubov, E. Mettler, V. N. Chelomey, V. V. Bolotin flat problems of dynamic stability of frame structures were investigated. In this paper the modified Bolotin’s method, proposed to solve flat problems of dynamic stability of frames, is used. Instead of the deformation method used by V. V. Bolotin to construct analytical expressions of deflections of frame rods, in the modified method the numerical-analytical method of boundary elements is used. The article proposes a method for constructing domains of dynamic instability of frames in the space of parameters (frequency and amplitude) of seismic and operational dynamic influences that cause longitudinal forces in the rods, which periodically change over time and lead to unlimited growth of transverse oscillations amplitudes in the domains of instability. The proposed method is demonstrated in example, which considers the spatial problem of dynamic stability of a П-shaped frame with two concentrated masses located on it, which are under the action of vertical periodic forces. These forces create periodic longitudinal forces in the vertical rods of the frame. Areas of dynamic instability of the frame were constructed. Taking into account the destructive effect of oscillations is important for practical application. The most dangerous destructive effect of oscillations is observed in earthquakes and explosions. The study of this action makes it possible to avoid undesirable consequences of oscillations by limiting their level and to solve important practical problems of the dynamics of structures. Solving dynamics problems is a difficult problem. Dynamic calculation of structures provides their bearing capacity under the combined action of static and dynamic loads.

Introductory Models of COVID-19 in the United States

ABSTRACT Students develop and test simple kinetic models of the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Microsoft Excel is used as the modeling platform because it is nonthreatening to students and it is widely available. Students develop finite difference models and implement them in the cells of preformatted spreadsheets following a guided inquiry pedagogy that introduces new model parameters in a scaffolded step-by-step manner. That approach allows students to investigate the implications of new model parameters in a systematic way. Students fit the resulting models to reported cases per day data for the United States using least squares techniques with Excel's Solver. Using their own spreadsheets, students discover for themselves that the initial exponential growth of COVID-19 can be explained by a simplified unlimited growth model and by the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model. They also discover that the effects of social distancing can be modeled using a Gaussian transition function for the infection rate coefficient and that the summer surge was caused by prematurely relaxing social distancing and then reimposing stricter social distancing. Students then model the effect of vaccinations and validate the resulting susceptible-infected-recovered-vaccinated (SIRV) model by showing that it successfully predicts the reported cases per day data from Thanksgiving through the holiday period up to 14 February 2021. The same SIRV model is then extended and successfully fits the fourth peak up to 1 June 2021, caused by further relaxation of social distancing measures. Finally, students extend the model up to the present day (27 August 2021) and successfully account for the appearance of the delta variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The fitted model also predicts that the delta variant peak will be comparatively short, and the cases per day data should begin to fall off in early September 2021, counter to current expectations. This case study makes an excellent capstone experience for students interested in scientific modeling.

Contradictory roles of lipid metabolism in immune response within the tumor microenvironment

Complex interactions between the immune system and tumor cells exist throughout the initiation and development of cancer. Although the immune system eliminates malignantly transformed cells in the early stage, surviving tumor cells evade host immune defense through various methods and even reprogram the anti-tumor immune response to a pro-tumor phenotype to obtain unlimited growth and metastasis. The high proliferation rate of tumor cells increases the demand for local nutrients and oxygen. Poorly organized vessels can barely satisfy this requirement, which results in an acidic, hypoxic, and glucose-deficient tumor microenvironment. As a result, lipids in the tumor microenvironment are activated and utilized as a primary source of energy and critical regulators in both tumor cells and related immune cells. However, the exact role of lipid metabolism reprogramming in tumor immune response remains unclear. A comprehensive understanding of lipid metabolism dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment and its dual effects on the immune response is critical for mapping the detailed landscape of tumor immunology and developing specific treatments for cancer patients. In this review, we have focused on the dysregulation of lipid metabolism in the tumor microenvironment and have discussed its contradictory roles in the tumor immune response. In addition, we have summarized the current therapeutic strategies targeting lipid metabolism in tumor immunotherapy. This review provides a comprehensive summary of lipid metabolism in the tumor immune response.

12. GIH aletzen. Ekoizpen eta kontsumo jasangarriaren mugarriak

Sei urte betetzen dira Nazio Batuen Erakundeak 2030 Agendako Garapen Iraunkorrerako Helburuak onartu zituenetik. Artikulu honetan, 12. GIHaren analisira hurbiltzen gara, Ekofeminismoak bere egiten duen iraunkortasunaren kontzeptualizaziotik abiatuta. Analisiak, lehenik, 12. GIHaren irakurketa orokorra egiten du, eta ondoren hamaika erronka zehatzez osaturiko helburu honen xehetasunak eta kontraesanak aletzen joaten da. Analisiaren ondorioz, gure ekoizteko eta kontsumitzeko erak, naturak duen birsortzeko gaitasun limiteak aspaldi gainditu zituen arren, hazkunde mugagabean eta kontsumo masiboan oinarritutako logika ekonomikoan oinarritzen jarraitzen duela azpimarratzen da. GIHetan topatzen diren inkoherentzien aurrean, aztertutako erronketan jasotzen diren hausnarketekin, bizitza iraunkor baten lortzea, trantsizio ekosozialaren bidetik egitea mugarritzen da. ABSTRACT: Six years have passed since the UN approval of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda. In this article, we approach the analysis of SDG 12, based on the conceptualization of sustainability from the Ecofeminism perspective. The analysis commences with a general reading of this SDG, followed by the unravelling of the details and contradictions of this objective, which is made up of eleven specific challenges. The analysis shows that although our way of producing and consuming has long exceeded the limits of nature's regenerative capacity, it is emphasized that it continues to be based on an economic logic based on unlimited growth and mass consumption. Bearing in mind the inconsistencies found in the SDGs, with the reflections collected in the challenges analyzed, the achievement of a sustainable life is limited to doing so through the eco-social transition.

Diabolical perspectives on healthy morality in times of COVID-19

PurposeThe paper combines the systems theoretical perspective on the evolution of societal differentiation and the emergence of codes in communication. By combining the approach by Niklas Luhmann with a historical theology on the development of Christian morality split between God and Devil, it recreates a sociological point of observation on contemporary moral forms by a temporary occupation of the retired Christian Devil.Design/methodology/approachThe article combines a Luhmannian systems theoretical perspective on the evolution of societal differentiation with a concept of emerging codes in communication. The latter is based on on the development of a Christian view of morality being split between God and Devil. It establishes a sociological point of observation on contemporary moral forms through the temporary invocation of the retired figure of the Christian Devil.FindingsThe proposed perspective develops a healthy perspective on the exuberant distribution of a health(y) morality across the globe during the pandemic crisis of 2020–21. The temporary invocation of the retired Christian Devil as point of departure in this sociological analysis allows for a disturbing view on the unlimited growth of the morality of health and its inherent dangers of dedifferentiating the highly specialised forms of societal differentiation and organisation.Originality/valueBy applying the diabolical perspective, the analytical framework creates a unique opportunity to observe the moral encodings of semantic forms in detail, while keeping the freedom of scientific enquiry to choose amongst available distinctions in the creation of sound empirical knowledge. This article adopts a neutral stance, for the good of sociological analysis. The applications of the term “evil” to observations of communication are indifferent to anything but itself and its qualities as scientific enquiry.

Nucleation of Framboids

Framboid microcrystals, which are intrinsically similar in size and habit within any individual framboid, must have all nucleated and grown at the same time. The formation of many thousands of equidimensional and equimorphic microcrystals in framboids is the fundamental evidence for burst nucleation. This is conventionally described by the LaMer model, which is characterized by (1) a lag phase before nucleation becomes significant; (2) burst nucleation where the rate of nucleation increases exponentially and may be completed in seconds; and (3) a short growth phase where nucleation becomes again insignificant. The growth phase is limited by the diffusion of Fe and S in stagnant, diffusion limited environments. By contrast, individual pyrite crystals evidence isolated nucleation and unlimited growth in advecting systems. The reaction with surface =FeS provided by sulfidized iron oxyhydroxides may a major route for producing individual pyrite crystals, rather than framboids, especially in sediments. Framboid formation by the nucleation of pyrite in solution can be described by classical nucleation theory (CNT), which leads to results consistent with observed critical supersaturation ranges, critical nucleus radius, and surface energies.

Neighbourhood [Re] Formation: Envisioning A Future For Don Mills

Architecture is known to be the physical language of community. What define cities are streets, blocks, and buildings, and their interaction defines the neighbourhoods. Cities are poised for unlimited growth (Lefebvre, 2003) and the challenge is to propose a vision for the future growth of already dense neighbourhoods. The research aims to study the evolution of contemporary urbanism, ideas, and theories in order to explore the structure of the existing neighbourhoods and understand the dynamic behind the street patterns and urban blocks. Case studies are investigating the quality and configuration of physical urban form through recent history. The ideas are compared and contrasted to challenge modern and post-modern urban theories in order to propose a new vision for future urban growth. The design project takes into account the importance of urban morphology and typology and their impacts on the identity, diversity and affordability of the neighbourhood.