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Author(s):  
Lucrecia ESCUDERO CHAUVEL

El tweet de Joe Biden, The people had spoke, refiriéndose al voto del pueblo americano en las recientes elecciones presidenciales, recuerda el título del célebre libro de P. F. Lazarsfeld, B. Berelson y H. Gandet, The People Choice, dedicado a las elecciones de 1940. Como se sabe, la obra se centraba en la forma en que los electores del estado de Ohio decidían su voto en las elecciones del 5 de noviembre de 1940, donde el presidente saliente Franklin D. Roosevelt (demócrata), que iba por su cuarta reelección, se oponía a Wendell Willkie. Merece la pena repasar las conclusiones de esa investigación a la luz de las recientes elecciones americanas y, subsidiariamente, interrogarnos por los usos sociales de la actualidad en la construcción del directo televisivo.  Abstract: Joe Biden’s tweet “The people had spoken”, referring to the vote of the American people in the recent presidential elections, recalls the title of Paul Lazarsfeld’s et alii famous book The People Choice research dedicated to the 1940 elections. As is known, the investigation focused on the way Ohio state voters decided their vote in the November 5, 1940 election that opposed outgoing President Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democrat) who was going for his fourth re-election to his challenger Wendell Willkie. It is worth reviewing the conclusions of these founding investigations in the light of the recent American elections and, alternatively, to consider the current social uses in the construction of the television direct.


2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-199
Author(s):  
Adam Wielomski

The aim of this text is a contemporary estimation of the thesis formed in a famous book by Zbigniew Brzeziński and Carl Friedrich, Totalitarian Dictatorship and Autocracy (1956). This is a classic text of Western political science about totalitarianism, simultaneously scientific and political. Scientific, because it presents the idea of three types of political regimes in the 20th century: totalitarian, authoritarian, and liberal-democratic. Political, because the term “totalitarianism” was very useful in the time of the Cold War. This term presents the old (Nazi Germany) and new (Stalinist Russia) totalitarian states as equal political enemies of the USA, equal in their hostility to political and individual freedom, i.e. America’s creed. By using this term, the Americans can create a horrible picture of Russian communism as totalitarian, the same as Hitler’s regime, while presenting old enemies (West Germany, Italy, and Japan) as good friends of both the USA and freedom, because in this moment these states are democratic and liberal. The new term ended the old line of the delimitation between fascist or pro fascist and antifascist states and legitimates the new alliance between the USA and Franco’s Spain. The author analyses the definition of totalitarianism by Brzeziński and Friedrich as well as the political and ideological accusations made against this book by leftist critics.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-232
Author(s):  
Mohammad Moustakin

Muhammad Abed Al-Jabri (1935-2010) is one of the significant philosophical and scientific figures who left their strong and broad imprint in various fields of contemporary Arab culture. Al-Jabri created his philosophy towards various aspects of Arab history. This included philosophy, theology, politics, ethics, and other aspects. His philosophical works culminated in his famous book on "The Arab Mind," in which he dealt with "The Structure of the Arab Mind" and supplemented it with his famous book - "Critique of the Arab Mind." The article's primary task is limited to addressing the intellectual path of Al-Jabri by tracing what he wrote and the content of these works. Besides, in this article, what Al-Jabri wrote is arranged in chronological order in order to clarify the features of the general and particular course of his philosophical creativity. It is a necessary task for scientific research in his philosophy. It provides the reader and researcher with the complete basic set of his books.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Gelu Badea

Abstract Hundreds or maybe thousands of ghosts haunt our theatre. When I say ours, I do not want to refer to the Romanian one, but neither to the territory proposed and researched by Monique Borie in her already famous book dedicated to spectres. All my shows, and here we talk about more than seventy performances, now appear like ghosts to me. They were played sometime and constitute, not only for me, but for thousands, or tens of thousands of spectators, memories, true glimpses of moments, sometimes beautiful, sometimes sad, relics that begin to fade into a mnemonic mechanism of decomposition of the sensations once arisen by the scenic action and the image proposed through the presence of the actor. Thus, the spirit places the theatre under the protective wing of the document-memory, remaking, for those who were not in the position of witnesses, the way of late understanding for the one who can only imagine. The Romanian theatre does not have too many moments, perhaps astral, that could elucidate us on a certain artistic approach or against another. Too often the document-memory is activated by chronicles that bear far too many subjective opinions or timid analyzes on the work of a profession that deserves more in this regard. A very important director of the end of the last century, a student of Professor Radu Penciulescu, defined his own phantasma through the imaginary shows he left us. Blessed is he. Aureliu Manea’s writing allows us to imagine more than the chronicles of his shows played on Romanian stages could do. The document-memory of these documents concerns me and holds me in an embrace that I feel violently present.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-311
Author(s):  
Zdenko Kodelja

The concept of justice that Rawls discussed in his famous book “A Theory of Justice” has had a profound influence on contemporary political and moral philosophy, as well as, to some extent, philosophy of education. Many philosophers of education have applied or criticized Rawls’s concepts – above all the concepts of autonomy, the person, fair equality of opportunity and the difference principle – which he developed as an essential part of his theory of justice. In this paper I will discuss very briefly only one of the problems that philosophers of education face when applying his concepts of the autonomous person and the difference principle. The essence of this problem is expressed in the question of whether or not to respect the limits of the applicability of these concepts set by Rawls himself.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Krishna Kanta Parajuli

During the classical period, the South Asian region had an illustrious history of mathematics, and it was regarded as fertile ground for the birth of pioneer mathematicians that produced a wide range of mathematical ideas and creations that made significant contributions. Among them, three creative personalities Bhaskaracarya, Gopal Pande and Bharati Krishna Tirthaji and their specific methods to find square roots are focused on this study. The analytical study of their methods is expressing in comparison with similarities, variety and simplicity. Each of the three mathematical treatise has its own formula for calculating the square roots. The Lilavati seems to have some effect upon the Vedic and Pande’s systems. In spite of having influenced by Lilavati, Gopal Pande disagreed on the problems regarding square roots and cube roots. To prove his point, Gopal Pande used the unitary method against the method described in Bhaskaracarya's famous book Lilavati. In the case of practicality and simplicity, the Vedic method is more practical, interesting and simpler to understand for the mathematics learners in comparison to the other two methods.


E-psychologie ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-45
Author(s):  
Alena Plháková ◽  

The famous book by Abraham H. Maslow's Moti­vation and Personality is one of the seminal psychological works of the 20th century. It is therefore only to be welcomed that its second, expanded and revised edition from 1970 is now available in Czech translation for the first time. The book consists of sixteen chapters and two appendices. In the first of these, Maslow deals with the problems generated by the positive approach in psychology. Maslow commonly uses the term positive psychology here, which he introduced in 1954 in the first edition of his book, so that he is considered one of the forerunners or founders of this movement. In the second appendix, the author emphasizes his belief in the need to move from the study of partial psychological problems or domains to a holistic-dynamic approach.


2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zahid Siddique

The issue of causality remained one of the heatedly debated issues in the early centuries of Islam. The fundamental question faced by Muslim theologians was whether cause and effect havea self-sustained relationship or each event in the universe is continuously governed by the Will of God? If the former is the case, then how are miracles possible? If latter, why do we observe regularity in events? The impossibility of miracles could not be accommodated by Muslim theologians because miraclesareregarded as one of the primary means of establishing the truth of prophethood. This article explains the critique levelled by Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī in his famous book Tahāfut al Falāsifah on the position of Muslim philosophers about causality. Al-Ghazālī’s primary concern was to show that the cause-and-effect relationship is neither necessary nor sufficient; what we call “cause-and-effect relationship” is an opinion based on the observation of one event happening after the other. In his opinion, we never observe “cause,” rather we only observe two events. In recent past, some Muslim thinkers have accused al-Ghazālī of diverting Muslims away from scientific endeavour by criticising the principle of causality. Others confused al-Ghazālī’s critique of causality with David Hume’sposition. The article attemptsto bring forth the flaws behind these views.


Ethnicities ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 146879682110470
Author(s):  
Marek Jakoubek

There is universal agreement in the scholarly community on the crucial position of the book Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference (ed. F Barth, 1969) in the modern study of ethnicity. General consensus goes that this work has a status of a founding work that developed a theoretical paradigm and model of ethnic groups, on which the study of ethnicity draws until today. This study critically reviews this reputation. The author, drawing on the works of authors who had published their works before Ethnic Groups and Boundaries, suggests that theoretical positions proposed by Barth and his colleagues in the famous book were not at all new by that time, neither were they considered novel by contemporary readers. Ethnic Groups and Boundaries acquired the status of a ground-breaking work, founding a new era of anthropological study of ethnicity only later, and not because of the results the book really provided, but rather thanks to statements about the contribution of this work to the study of ethnicity made by its editor, F Barth in his famous ‘Introduction’. This conceptualization of the history of ethnicity studies was, thanks to the immense influence of F Barth´s book, gradually accepted and the results of all work that had been previously done in the field of ethnicity studies, was covered by amnesia, continuing until today.


Bohemistyka ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 283-294
Author(s):  
Miroslav KUBÁT ◽  
Šárka NETOLICKÁ ◽  
Radek ČECH ◽  
Jan MAČUTEK

Rewriting books was a widespread phenomenon during the Baroque period of the Czech literature. The manuscripts were not always „honest copies”, on the contrary, scribes often compiled several sources or added their own texts to the original. The famous book Golden Key of Heaven by Martin of Cochem is compared with a manuscript Key of Heaven from a Regional museum in the town of Náchod. We use two statistical methods, both of them strongly indicate that the manuscript is a copy of some chapters from the Golden Key of Heaven rather than a compilation.


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