To Assess the Knowledge Regarding Glaucoma among General Population

Background: The level of knowledge of glaucoma and their possible determinants in a group of people diagnosed with glaucoma and in a population based group without glaucoma. Studies performed on the prevalence of glaucoma have reported a high proportion of undiagnosed patients. Late diagnosis is related to increased risk of glaucoma associated with visual impairment and disability. Lack of awareness and non-availability of appropriate screening procedures are among the major reasons for non-diagnosis or late diagnosis of glaucoma. The present study has been undertaken to evaluate the level of awareness about glaucoma among the general population. Objective: 1. To assess the knowledge regarding glaucoma among general population. 2. To find an association between the level of knowledge with selected socio demographic variables. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in selected hospital. Descriptive research approach was used in this study. Hundred people in the general population were selected for the study. Structured knowledge questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results: The show that 1 (1%) had poor level of knowledge, 27(27%) were having an average level of knowledge. Fifty seven percent (57%) had a good level of knowledge, fifth teen present 15 (15%) had very good knowledge. None exhibited excellent level of knowledge. The minimum score was 3 and the maximum score was 12, with the mean score for the test being 7.61 ±1.814 and mean percentage of knowledge was 50.73%.

Is There a Distinction in Socialization Ability Between Children Who Are addicted to Gadgets and Those Who Are Not? A Comparison Study

The social skills of kindergarten children in the Tampan district are remain low, this can be seen from the children who do not want to be left by their parents when they enter class to study, even though teachers and other friends have persuaded them to study together and those children prefer to be alone. For this reason, researchers conducted a comparative study to examine the differences in social skills between the children who are addicted and not addicted to gadgets. This research method uses a comparative descriptive quantitative approach. The population in this study are all children aged 5-6 years in kindergarten throughout the Tampan District, amounted to 194 children. The sampling technique used was the purposive technique so that the samples of this study were 30 children addicted to gadgets and 30 children who were not addicted to gadgets. Data collection techniques using observation guidelines and documentation. Based on the results of data analysis and discussion, it can be concluded that a) The social skills of children who are not addicted to gadgets with a minimum score of 59, a maximum score of 99 and an average score of 55.10, while the social skills of children who are addicted to gadgets in kindergartens throughout the Tampan district with a minimum score of 41, while a maximum score of 57 with an average of 48.27, b) Differences in the social skills of children aged 5-6 years who are addicted to gadgets in kindergartens throughout the Tampan district are shown from the test results t shows tcount (7.416) > ttable (2.00) and the significance score (0.000) < (0.05) it means Ha is accepted, while Ho is rejected. The magnitude of the difference between children who are addicted and those who are not addicted on gadgets is 6.83%.

Stochastic Epigenetic Mutations Influence Parkinson’s Disease Risk, Progression, and Mortality

Background: Stochastic epigenetic mutations (SEM) reflect a deviation from normal site-specific methylation patterns. Epigenetic mutation load (EML) captures the accumulation of SEMs across an individual’s genome and may reflect dysfunction of the epigenetic maintenance system in response to epigenetic challenges. Objective: We investigate whether EML is associated with PD risk and time to events (i.e., death and motor symptom decline). Methods: We employed logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression to assess the association between EML and several outcomes. Our analyses are based on 568 PD patients and 238 controls from the Parkinson’s disease, Environment and Genes (PEG) study, for whom blood-based methylation data was available. Results: We found an association for PD onset and EML in all genes (OR = 1.90; 95%CI 1.52-2.37) and PD-related genes (OR = 1.87; 95%CI 1.50-2.32). EML was also associated with time to a minimum score of 35 points on the motor UPDRS exam (OR = 1.28; 95%CI 1.06-1.56) and time to death (OR = 1.29, 95%CI 1.11-1.49). An analysis of PD related genes only revealed five intragenic hotspots of high SEM density associated with PD risk. Conclusion: Our findings suggest an enrichment of methylation dysregulation in PD patients in general and specifically in five PD related genes. EML may also be associated with time to death and motor symptom progression in PD patients.

GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG PERTOLONGAN PERTAMA KEGAWATDARURATAN DEMAN PADA BALITA DI POSYANDU SOKARAJA KULON

Fever is when the body temperature rises by 38 celcius degree. Fever in children is one of the reasons parents seek medical help to treat it. Fever management is very important to reduce the negative impact caused by fever. The aims of this studi was to determine the description of parental knowledge in first aid for fever emergencies in children. This research was a descriptive study and using cross sectional approach. Sampling was done by accidental sampling and data collection using a knowledge questionnaire of fever management with 16 questions. It was analysed by univariate analysis. Out of 20 respondent, the average value of the respondent’s knowledge was 12,25, with minimum score of 8 and maximum value of 16. The result of this research shows that all respondents would measure a chlid’s temperature using a thermometer when he had a fever, take his child to seek medical help when he was sick, and do a compress with warm water on a child who has fever.

Depressive symptoms and socio-demographic correlates among adolescents in Kampala: a cross-sectional study

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in secondary school students in Kampala, Uganda, and assess associations with demographic characteristics and living arrangements. In this cross-sectional study, 14- to 17-year-olds were recruited from six randomly selected schools in Kampala. Participants completed a questionnaire, covering demographic questions and the affective problems subscale of the Youth Self-Report (YSR) – a depression screening tool for minors. Scores range from 0 to 26; a minimum score of 9 and 8 for female and male participants, respectively, suggests depressive symptoms in the clinical range, according to standard (non-local) norms. Unadjusted logistic regressions were used to assess demographic (e.g., age, gender, religion, parental education) and family-related characteristics (e.g., living arrangements, household size) associated with symptoms of depression in the clinical range. In total, 503 participants were recruited, of which 26.6% had depressive symptoms in the clinical range (female: 32.5%, male: 18.1%; risk ratio [RR] = 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.28, 2.51]). Those who reported living with only one parent (RR = 1.62, 95% CI [1.14, 2.30]) or another family member/friend (RR = 1.98, 95% CI [1.14, 2.30]) were at increased risk of depressive symptoms above clinical threshold compared with participants living with both parents. A quarter of urban low-risk school-going adolescents had depressive symptoms in the clinical range in Kampala; girls and adolescents not living with their parents were particularly vulnerable. It recommended that school staff be equipped with skills to identify students who may be at risk for depression and make appropriate referrals.

A PROSPECTIVE STUDY TO EVALUATE THE SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF PROXIMAL HUMERUS FRACTURES BY LOCKING PLATES

BACKGROUND: This prospective clinical study was performed to evaluate the efcacy and functional outcome in proximal humeral fractures following surgery with locking plates. MATERIAL & METHODS: from August 2013 to April 2015, 32 patients were enrolled in this study following exclusion and inclusion criteria. The evaluation parameters included Time taken for fracture union, functional scores, radiographs of the shoulder and ROM (Range of motion- exion, abduction, internal and external rotation etc.). Patients were followed up regularly at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and 12 months. Functional results were evaluated using Neer's score. All data were collected and analyzed with the help of suitable statistical parameters. RESULTS: The nal results were evaluated by using NEER'S Score. In our study, the minimum score was 65 and maximum was 94. The average score was 83.9 (Mean ± S.D. : 83.875 ± 6.73). We had excellent results in 6(18.75%) patients, 19(59.375%) had satisfactory results, 7(21.875%) patients had unsatisfactory results but none of the case is failure in our study. CONCLUSION: Open reduction and internal xation with Locking Compression Plates, has given good results and it is the implant of choice now-a-days particularly in comminuted fractures and in osteoporotic bones in elderly patients.

A Non Experimental Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding the Different Types of Covid-19 Vaccines in India among Nursing Students

Introduction: This decade considered to be the most horrible and challenging decades ever seen, in spite of many preexisting challenges and problems the whole world suffers from an unknown and new health issue in the name of CORONA famously reffered as COVID-19. This corona Virus Disease 2019 was sudden outbreak in one of the cities of china called WUHAN in 2019. Methods and Materials: The study was conducted by using a carefully defined tool of demographic variables and a set of knowledge questionnaire. The 230 samples responded accordingly and the scores were given for the correct responses. Results and Findings: The result of the research was based on the statistical analysis and interpretation of the results. Among the 230 samples near half of the samples (n=114) has knowledge below median (49.56%) and (n=116) has knowledge more than median score (50.43). the median score was 14. The range was set from 4-25. The minimum score taken by the samples is 4 and the maximum was 25. Hence this research strongly support that the nursing students need to have a evidenced based knowledge training sessions in their respective educational institutions to promote the public towards vaccination against covid-19. There was no significant association was found with selected demographical variables. Conclusion: The human race suffered a strange and deadliest disease called COVID-19 in this decade. After successful and researchful evidences the world and India come up with a great precautionary act called vaccines to the covid-19. The health care worker faced a problem in understanding the vaccine efficacy and the truth about the vaccines. so researcher found extreme need of identifying the knowledge of student nurses regarding the covid vaccines. By this researcher strongly suggest the training of nursing students regarding vaccines.

Assess the Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Accidents of Schoolers among Primary School Teachers in Selected Schools

Background: Accident means-Unfortunate incident that happens unexpectedly and unintentionally, The common cause of school accident is playground equipment and risk factors of the school accident are age, Most common injury occurs in schoolers is hand injury and foot injury, a road traffic accident is the most common type of accident. Primary prevention of an accident first AID and supportive care of school accident is health education and health check-up is done by half-yearly. Objectives: 1) To assess the knowledge of primary school teachers on the prevention of accidents among schoolers in selected schools in the Wardha district.2) To compare knowledge regarding prevention of accidents in schoolers between male and female primary teachers.3) To compare knowledge regarding prevention of accidents in schoolers between rural and urban area. 4) To associate the knowledge of primary teachers regarding the prevention of accidents among schoolers with selected demographic variables. Methods: An descriptive research methodology, a non-experimental descriptive design was used to perform this analysis. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used to select the available individual as a subject in the study. A structured questionnaire was developed to assess the knowledge of urban and rural 100 primary school teachers regarding the prevention of accidents among schoolers. The sample attributes have been defined by frequency, percentage, after data collection. The Chi-square test was also used to figure out the correlation between knowledge and specified demographic variables. Results: The study findings show 0 (0%) of rural primary school teachers were having a poor level of knowledge score, 8(16%) of rural primary school teachers were having an average level of knowledge score, 21(42%) of rural primary school teachers were having a good level of knowledge score, 19 (38%) of rural primary school teachers had a very good level of knowledge score and 2 (4%) of rural primary school teachers had excellent knowledge score. The minimum score was 5 and the maximum score was 20, the mean score was 11.68 ± 3.13 with a mean percentage score of 58.40 ±15.69. The study findings show 1(2%) of urban primary school teachers were having a poor level of knowledge score, 5(10%) of urban primary school teachers were having an average level of knowledge score, 18(36%) of urban primary school teachers were having a good level of knowledge score, 20 (40%) of urban primary school teacher had a very good level of knowledge score and 6 (12%) of urban primary school teacher had excellent knowledge score. The minimum score was 5 and the maximum score was 20, the mean score was 12.62 ± 3.32 with a mean percentage score of 63.10 ±16.62. In the overall comparison of the rural primary school teachers having good knowledge regarding prevention of accidents of schoolers rather than urban primary school teachers. Conclusion: Schoolers accident is a common problem in rural and urban school children. The main aim of the study was to assess the knowledge regarding the prevention of accidents of schoolers among the primary school teachers of the selected rural and urban areas of Maharashtra.

“LEVEL OF STRESS AMID COVID-19 PANDEMIC AMONG STAFF NURSES WORKING IN ICU IN SELECTED HOSPITALS OF KAMRUP (M) ASSAM: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY”

The global state of emergency caused by COVID-19 has put tremendous pressure on nursing services along with the other frontline workers. The physical as well as the mental health of ICU nurses' are affected by excessive workload, insufcient resources, excessive work and environment stressors. Aim of The Study was to assess the level of stres AIM: s amid COVID-19 pandemic among staff nurses working in ICU in selected hospitals of Kamrup (M), Assam. A descriptive research design METHODS AND MATERIALS: was used to accomplish the objectives. Study was undertaken on 150 staff nurses working in ICU of selected hospitals of Kamrup (M), Assam by using convenience sampling. Inventory checklist was used to assess level of stress. The reliability of the tool was done by using Split half method, where r¹ = 0.91 so it was found to be reliable. Modied lazaus and Folkman's stress and coping model, 1966 was used as conceptual framework. : Out RESULTS of 150 staff nurses, majority 129(86%) belongs to 21-30 years of age,146(97%) were female, 122(81%) were unmarried, 130(87%) don't have child, 54(36%) had 3-4 family members, 92(61%) were GNM, 60(40%) had <1 year of experience and 60(40%) had 1-5 years of experience, 77(51%) had ≤ 15,000 income per month, 96(64%) had no deduction in their salary, 113(75%) had no increment in their salary, 121(81%) stayed in rented house, 74(49%) reside in distance of 1-5 km,140(93%) had shifting type of work schedule, 91(61%) didn't attend any COVID-19 training, out of 59 staff nurses, majority 39(66%) had attended 1 session, out of 150 staff nurses, majority 58(39%) had 26 working days per month, 89(59%) had taken care of COVID-19 patients, 82(55%) had history of being quarantined, out of 82 staff nurses, majority 37(45%) were quarantined for 7-14 days. In level of stress regarding physiological aspects, majority i.e. 138(92%) had low stress, 11(7%) had moderate stress and only 1(0.67%) had high stress. With respect to psychological aspects, majority i.e.91 (61%) had low stress and 59(39%) had moderate stress. Considering the behavioural problems, majority i.e. 135(90%) had low stress and 15(10%) had moderate stress. The overall level of stress among staff nurses revealed that 125(83%) had low stress and 25(17%) had moderate stress and the mean score of stress was 28.76 ± 12.21 with minimum score of 3.0 and maximum score of 72.0. It was observed that none of the demographic variables had shown statistically signicant association with level of stress among COVID-19 pandemic among staff nurse. From this study it was concluded CONCLUSION: that majority of staff nurses had low stress with regards to physiological, psychological and behavioural aspects.

Moderate and high dental fear by sex and age using the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale

Objective: To assess the relationship between the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) questionnaire’s items and sex and age in children with moderate and high dental fear levels. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out in a municipality in the Northeastern region of Brazil with 185 children aged 8-10 years of both sexes, who had a minimum score of 32 on the CFSS-DS questionnaire, corresponding to dental fear. Descriptive statistical analysis and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results: Most children were female (59.5%) and 9 years old (37.3%). The average of the total CFSS-DS score was 40.44 ± 6.81 (with a minimum of 32 and a maximum of 75). According to the CFSS-DS, 53.5% of children had high dental fear. Items “Injections,” “Having a stranger touch you,” “The dentist drilling,” “Having somebody put instruments in your mouth,” “Choking,” and “Having to go to the hospital” had the highest median values. A significant difference was observed between ages for the item “Having a stranger touch you” (p=0.001). Conclusion: The item “Having a stranger touch you” in the CFSS-DS questionnaire showed a statistically significant difference with age, while no differences were found regarding sex.