Extracting Function-Driven Tracing Characteristics for Optimized SVM Classification

Due to its openness and simplicity, Modbus TCP has wide applications to facilitate the actual management and control in industrial wireless fields. However, its potential security vulnerabilities can also create lots of complicated information security challenges, which are increasingly threatening the availability of industrial real-time traffic delivery. Although anomaly detection has been recognized as a workable security measure to identify attacks, the critical step to successfully extract data characteristics is an extremely difficult task. In this paper, we focus on the continuous control mode in industrial processes and propose a control tracing feature algorithm to extract the function-driven tracing characteristics from Modbus TCP data traffic. Furthermore, this algorithm can flexibly integrate the time factor with critical functional operations and adequately describe the dynamic control change of technological processes. To closely cooperate with this algorithm, one optimized SVM (support vector machine) classifier is introduced as the practicable decision engine. By designing one applicable attack mode, we develop an in-depth and meticulous analysis on the decision accuracy, and all experimental results clearly explain that the extracted features can strongly reflect the changing pattern of continuous functional operations, and the proposed algorithm can effectively cooperate with the optimized SVM classifier to distinguish abnormal Modbus TCP data traffic.

Situated rationalities and management control change – an empirical note on key actors, situated rationalities and generalised practices

Purpose This paper aims to offer an incremental contribution, augmenting the notion of situated rationality as proposed by terBogt and Scapens (2019). Through insights from empirical data, the authors explore the role of situated rationalities of key individual actors in processes of management control change. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative research approach was adopted with qualitative data collected in a single public service organisation through face-to-face interviews, organisation documentation and observations. Findings The findings present the important role of key individual actors in bringing about a new situated rationality in a housing department. External austerity forces combined with actors’ experience rationalities acted as a stimulus to change existing management control practices in the management of public services. Originality/value The paper conceptualises “experience” rationality, capturing the experiences of a key actor, including elements of leadership style. Drawing on a story of a complex process of management control change, this paper thus reveals interactions between generalised practices and situated rationalities which were not highlighted by the extended framework of terBogt and Scapens.

The legislature as political control: change and continuity in Cameroon's National Assembly (1973–2019)

abstractA growing literature has begun to more closely examine African legislatures. However, most of this research has been attentive to emerging democratic settings, and particularly the experiences of a select number of English-speaking countries. By contrast, Cameroon is a Francophone majority country that reintroduced multiparty politics in the early 1990s but continues to exhibit significant authoritarian tendencies. This article provides a longitudinal analysis of Cameroon's National Assembly and builds on a unique biographical dataset of over 900 members of parliament between 1973 and 2019. The article describes changes in the structure and orientation of the legislature as well as the social profile of its members, in particular following the transition to multipartyism. While the legislature in Cameroon remains primarily a tool of political control, it is more dynamic, and the mechanisms used to manage elites within the context of complex multiethnic politics have evolved.

Insights into Barriers and Educational Needs for Farm Succession Programming

Planning for farm succession is vital to the longevity of the farm business. To understand the challenges with succession planning, the University of Wisconsin - Division of Extension facilitated focus group meetings across the state. These authors classified the information from the focus groups into eight codes, and each code was further subdivided into themes. The codes included Financial, Communication, Control, Change, Fair vs. Equal, Delivery, and Support, Strategies, and Educational Needs. University of Wisconsin Division of Extension Agriculture Educators utilized the information obtained from the focus groups to create a workbook that provides practical assistance when working with families planning a farm succession.

An Ice Vest, but Not Single-Hand Cooling, Is Effective at Reducing Thermo-Physiological Strain During Exercise Recovery in the Heat

Sports limit the length of breaks between halves or periods, placing substantial time constraints on cooling effectiveness. This study investigated the effect of active cooling during both time-limited and prolonged post-exercise recovery in the heat. Ten recreationally-active adults (VO2peak 43.6 ± 7.5 ml·kg−1·min−1) were exposed to thermally-challenging conditions (36°C air temperature, 45% RH) while passively seated for 30 min, cycling for 60 min at 51% VO2peak, and during a seated recovery for 60 min that was broken into two epochs: first 15 min (REC0−15) and total 60 min (REC0−60). Three different cooling techniques were implemented during independent recovery trials: (a) negative-pressure single hand-cooling (~17°C); (b) ice vest; and (c) non-cooling control. Change in rectal temperature (Tre), mean skin temperature (T¯sk), heart rate (HR), and thermal sensation (TS), as well as mean body temperature (T¯b), and heat storage (S) were calculated for exercise, REC0−15 and REC0−60. During REC0−15, HR was lowered more with the ice vest (−9 [−15 to −3] bts·min−1, p = 0.002) and single hand-cooling (−7 [−13 to −1] bts·min−1, p = 0.021) compared to a non-cooling control. The ice vest caused a greater change in T¯sk compared to no cooling (−1.07 [−2.00 to −0.13]°C, p = 0.021) and single-hand cooling (−1.07 [−2.01 to −0.14]°C, p = 0.020), as well as a greater change in S compared to no cooling (−84 [−132 to −37] W, p < 0.0001) and single-hand cooling (−74 [−125 to −24] W, p = 0.002). Across REC0−60, changes in T¯b (−0.38 [−0.69 to −0.07]°C, p = 0.012) and T¯sk (−1.62 [−2.56 to −0.68]°C, p < 0.0001) were greater with ice vest compared to no cooling. Furthermore, changes in in T¯b (−0.39 [−0.70 to −0.08]°C, p = 0.010) and T¯sk (−1.68 [−2.61 to −0.74]°C, p < 0.0001) were greater with the ice vest compared to single-hand cooling. Using an ice vest during time-limited and prolonged recovery in the heat aided in a more effective reduction in thermo-physiological strain compared to both passive cooling as well as a single-hand cooling device.

PENYEBAB CHANGE ORDER PADA PROYEK KONSTRUKSI BANGUNAN AIR WILAYAH DKI JAKARTA

Change orders are proposals for additional / less work where the main work does not follow the initial design or there are new proposals for new work at all (Pusat Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Sumber Daya Air dan Konstruksi, 2017). A contract or agreement has been signed before implementing the project, but changes often occur after and greatly affect the project performance. This change is also needed to be known if it occurs in a water construction project. To control change orders and contract changes, it is necessary to know the causing factors. This study aims to determine these causative factors by compiling a questionnaire distributed to workers in the water construction sector in the area of DKI Jakarta. The questionnaire results were tested for validity and reliability and Ranked by RII (Relative Importance Index) method. With the acquisition of RII above 0.51, the results found that coordination with utility systems (RII 0, 6842), is the main contributing factor to the Change Order in the construction of DKI Jakarta water buildings. ABSTRAKChange order adalah usulan pekerjaan tambah/kurang dimana pekerjaan utama tidak mengikuti desain awal atau terdapat usulan pekerjaan baru sama sekali(Pusat Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Sumber Daya Air dan Konstruksi, 2017). Sebelum pelaksanaan proyek, pihak yang terlibat dalam konstruksi telah menandatangani kontrak atau kesepakatan. Dalam pelaksanaannya, setelah penandatanagnan kontrak seringkali terjadi perubahan-perubahan. Perubahan sangat berpengaruh pada kinerja proyek, perubahan ini juga perlu diketahui terjadi atau tidaknya dalam proyek konstruksi air. Jika perubahan dalam proyek terjadi pada proyek konstruksi air, untuk mengendalikan perintah perubahan maupun perubahan kontrak diperlukan pengetahuan faktor penyebab terjadinya perubahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab dengan penyusunan kuesioner yang disebarkan terhadap pekerja bidang konstruksi air wilayah cakupan DKI Jakarta. Setelah dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas, hasil kuesioner akan diurutkan berdasar tingkat kepentingan dengan metode RII. Dengan perolehan RII diatas 0,51, hasil yang ditemukan bahwa pengkoordinasian dengan sistem utilitas (RII 0, 6842), merupakan faktor penyebab utama Change Order pada konstruksi bangunan air DKI Jakarta.