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PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262503
Author(s):  
Guhuai Han ◽  
Tao Zhou ◽  
Yuanheng Sun ◽  
Shoujie Zhu

This paper re-examines the relationships between night-time light (NTL) and gross domestic product (GDP), population, road networks, and carbon emissions in China and India. Two treatments are carried out to those factors and NTL, which include simple summation in each administrative region (total data), and summation normalized by region area (density data). A series of univariate regression and multiple regression experiments are conducted in different countries and at different scales, in order to find the changes in the relationship between NTL and every parameter in different situations. Several statistical metrics, such as R2, Mean Relative Error (MRE), multiple regression weight coefficient, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient are given special attention. We found that GDP, as a comprehensive indicator, is more representative of NTL when the administrative region is relatively comprehensive or highly developed. However, when these regions are unbalanced or undeveloped, the representation of GDP becomes weak and other factors can have a more important influence on the multiple regression. Differences in the relationship between NTL and GDP in China and India can also be reflected in some other factors. In many cases, regression after normalization with the administrative area has a higher R2 value than the total regression. But it is highly influenced by a few highly developed regions like Beijing in China or Chandigarh in India. After the scale of the administrative region becomes fragmented, it is necessary to adjust the model to make the regression more meaningful. The relationship between NTL and carbon emissions shows obvious difference between China and India, and among provinces and counties in China, which may be caused by the different electric power generation and transmission in China and India. From these results, we can know how the NTL is reflected by GDP and other factors in different situations, and then we can make some adjustments.


Author(s):  
Olha Bezpalova ◽  
Artur Sotskyi ◽  
Andriy Shkolyk ◽  
Victor Shcherbyna ◽  
Tykhin Shevchenko

The objective of the research was to structure conceptual approaches for the establishment, development and improvement of the formation and functioning of (civil) public management systems in Ukraine and the Republic of Poland, as well as the identification of ways and methods to improve national mechanisms for the implementation of the state personnel policy, based on the modern positive Polish experience. The positive experience of modelling an effective public (civilian) service management system in Poland that can be used in Ukraine to solve its problems has been systematized. Materials and methods were used from the analysis of documentary sources. The basis was the dialectical method of knowledge of the facts of social reality, on which formal and comparative legal approaches are largely based. Conclusions indicate that ways and directions for further reform of the management system in the field of public service in Ukraine, include the further integration of the national public service model, and management mechanisms in this area to the standards of the single administrative area within the framework of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union.


Author(s):  
Kerstin Erfurth ◽  
Marcus Groß ◽  
Ulrich Rendtel ◽  
Timo Schmid

AbstractComposite spatial data on administrative area level are often presented by maps. The aim is to detect regional differences in the concentration of subpopulations, like elderly persons, ethnic minorities, low-educated persons, voters of a political party or persons with a certain disease. Thematic collections of such maps are presented in different atlases. The standard presentation is by Choropleth maps where each administrative unit is represented by a single value. These maps can be criticized under three aspects: the implicit assumption of a uniform distribution within the area, the instability of the resulting map with respect to a change of the reference area and the discontinuities of the maps at the borderlines of the reference areas which inhibit the detection of regional clusters.In order to address these problems we use a density approach in the construction of maps. This approach does not enforce a local uniform distribution. It does not depend on a specific choice of area reference system and there are no discontinuities in the displayed maps. A standard estimation procedure of densities are Kernel density estimates. However, these estimates need the geo-coordinates of the single units which are not at disposal as we have only access to the aggregates of some area system. To overcome this hurdle, we use a statistical simulation concept. This can be interpreted as a Simulated Expectation Maximisation (SEM) algorithm of Celeux et al (1996). We simulate observations from the current density estimates which are consistent with the aggregation information (S-step). Then we apply the Kernel density estimator to the simulated sample which gives the next density estimate (E-Step).This concept has been first applied for grid data with rectangular areas, see Groß et al (2017), for the display of ethnic minorities. In a second application we demonstrated the use of this approach for the so-called “change of support” (Bradley et al 2016) problem. Here Groß et al (2020) used the SEM algorithm to recalculate case numbers between non-hierarchical administrative area systems. Recently Rendtel et al (2021) applied the SEM algorithm to display spatial-temporal clusters of Corona infections in Germany.Here we present three modifications of the basic SEM algorithm: 1) We introduce a boundary correction which removes the underestimation of kernel density estimates at the borders of the population area. 2) We recognize unsettled areas, like lakes, parks and industrial areas, in the computation of the kernel density. 3) We adapt the SEM algorithm for the computation of local percentages which are important especially in voting analysis.We evaluate our approach against several standard maps by means of the local voting register with known addresses. In the empirical part we apply our approach for the display of voting results for the 2016 election of the Berlin parliament. We contrast our results against Choropleth maps and show new possibilities for reporting spatial voting results.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Hardianti Hardianti ◽  
Weka Widayati ◽  
La ode Muh. Magribi

Abstrach: The purpose of this study is to (1) analyze the differences in the socio- economic conditions of the community before and after the existence of Bungkutoko Port, (2) Mapping the existence of Bungkutoko Port. The population in this study were 552 households in Bungkutoko Village. The sample of this research is 85 people in Bungkutoko Village. The results showed (1) There are differences in the socio-economic conditions of the community before and after the Bungkutoko Port. The existence of Bungkutoko Port has a positive impact on the socio-economic conditions of the community, which creates job opportunities, increases community income and improves environmental security. But on the other hand, Bungkutoko Port has not had a positive impact on education and public health. (2) Bungkutoko Port is in the administrative area of Bungkutoko Village, Nambo District, Kendari City. The existence of Bungkutoko Port not only has an impact on the socio-economic conditions of the community, but also has an impact on infrastructure development in the local area.Keywords: Bungkutoko Port; Public; Socio-Economic ConditionKeberadaan Pelabuhan Bungkutoko mempunyai dampak ikutan sehingga perlu untuk dilakukan penelitian. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk (1) Menganalisis perbedaan kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat sebelum dan setelah adanya Pelabuhan Bungkutoko, (2) Memetakan keberadaan Pelabuhan Bungkutoko. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat di Kelurahan Bungkutoko berjumlah 552 kepala keluarga. Sampel penelitian ini adalah masyarakat di Kelurahan Bungkutoko berjumlah 85 kepala keluarga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Terdapat perbedaan kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat sebelum dan setelah adanya Pelabuhan Bungkutoko. Keberadaan Pelabuhan Bungkutoko berdampak positif terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat, dimana terciptanya kesempatan kerja, peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat dan peningkatan keamanan lingkungan. Tetapi disisi lain, Pelabuhan Bungkutoko belum memberikan dampak positif bagi pendidikan dan kesehatan masyarakat. (2) Pelabuhan Bungkutoko berada diwilayah administrasi Kelurahan Bungkutoko Kecamatan Nambo Kota Kendari. Keberadaan Pelabuhan Bungkutoko tidak hanya berdampak terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat, tetapi juga berdampak pada pengembangan infrastruktur diwilayah setempat. Kata Kunci: Pelabuhan Bungkutoko; Masyarakat; Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 400
Author(s):  
Romi Saputra

The regional expansion is a way to accelerate development acceleration. In addition, regional expansion is the process of dividing an existing administrative area into two or more new autonomous regions. Regional expansion in Indonesia is carried out based on the Law of the Republic of Indonesia number 9 of 2015 concerning Regional Autonomy and Regional Government as a result of the second amendment to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 of 2014. However, in the process of regional expansion in Indonesia, there are still some problems. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate government policies in regional expansion and determine regional boundaries in the provinces of Banten and West Java based on the laws in force in Indonesia. The method used in this research is the mix method, namely quantitative and qualitative. The data used are obtained from references and interviews related to regional autonomy policies, regional governments, and the determination of regional boundaries. The results of the evaluation, there are several factors that cause regional expansion, namely religious differences, ethnic and cultural differences, inequality in economic development in an area, and the size of the area. The formation of regional boundaries is carried out through 4 stages, namely Allocation, Delimitation, Demarcation, and Administration. One very important aspect of the implementation of regional autonomy is to merge regions with the hope of strengthening the relationship between local governments and local communities. In addition, it is hoped that there will be more intensive interaction between the community and the new local government, civil society will get better rights and obligations as citizens.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (57) ◽  
pp. 872-887
Author(s):  
Paola Rodrigues Martins ◽  
Ana Lúcia De Paula Ferreira Nunes

Resumo: Este artigo busca entender a área administrativa dos Recursos Humanos (RH) e as exigências do uso de home office no ambiente do trabalho frente às mudanças resultantes da pandemia do Covid-19. O principal objetivo é analisar os benefícios e os desafios da adoção do home office sob a perspectiva de profissionais do departamento de Recursos Humanos mediante as mudanças que impulsionaram este trabalho nas empresas. O estudo partiu dos seguintes questionamentos: quais os principais impactos da pandemia do Covid-19 na gestão de Recursos Humanos? Como as empresas se adaptaram às mudanças impostas? A metodologia escolhida para responder essas questões foi uma pesquisa bibliográfica, foram identificadas realizada em dez publicações de maior relevância ao tema, através de artigos publicados no período de 2020 e 2021. A linha de pesquisa resultou na conclusão que durante a pandemia da Covid-19, uma das áreas que mais sofreu impacto foi a do trabalho, contudo, apesar das barreiras, o trabalho em home office foi absorvido nas empresas impulsionando a área de Recursos Humanos no sentido de modificar seus processos de gestão de pessoas. Palavras-chave: Empresas. Pandemia. Recursos humanos. Home office. Abstract: This article seeks to understand the administrative area of Human Resources (HR) and the requirements of the use of home office in the work environment in view of the changes resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic. The main objective is to analyze the benefits and challenges of adopting the home office from the perspective of professionals in the Human Resources department through the changes that drove this work in companies. The study was based on the following questions: what are the main impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on Human Resources management? How have companies adapted to the imposed changes? The methodology chosen to answer these questions was a literature search, which were identified in ten publications of greater relevance to the topic, through articles published in the period 2020 and 2021. The line of research resulted in the conclusion that during the Covid-19 pandemic , one of the areas that suffered the most impact was work, however, despite the barriers, home office work was absorbed in the companies, boosting the Human Resources area in order to modify its people management processes. Keywords: Companies. Pandemic. Human Resources. Home office.


Author(s):  
Jonghoon Yoo ◽  
Minkyoung Choi ◽  
Byungseol Byun

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation level of urban Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the Republic of Korea and to measure the extent of internal and external impacts on the implementation level. An evaluation framework was established based on relative efficiency theory, and the implementation level of urban SDGs at the local government unit in the Republic of Korea was examined by performing an analysis of each stage. First, in reference to the 2018 cross-section, the implementation level of target 11.2 (public transportation) was assessed as excellent across the country, compared with the implementation level of targets 11.5 (disaster safety), 11.6 (environment), and 11.7 (public space), which were assessed as needing improvement. Second, the factors positively impacting the implementation level of target 11.2 were urban population, GRDP, financial independence, urbanization area, and bus-only lanes, whereas the factors positively impacting the implementation level of target 11.5 were population density and GRDP. The positive factors influencing the implementation level of target 11.6 (air quality sector) were found to be GRDP, financial independence, administrative area, and renewable energy generation, whereas the effective factors of the implementation level of target 11.6 (waste management sector) were analyzed as GRDP, financial independence, and the population density of households in the waste management area. The positive factors influencing the implementation level of target 11.7 were GRDP, financial independence, administrative area, and green area.


Epigram ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Costantein Imanuel Sarapil ◽  
Eunike Irene Kumaseh ◽  
Raemon R ◽  
Ganjar Ndaru Ikhtiagung ◽  
Erlin Puspaputri ◽  
...  

The squid fishery is one of the potential non-fish resources which has important economic value. Binebas village is the administrative area of ​​the South Tabukan District. This study aims to look at part-time activities of coastal communities in utilizing the catching season for squid. This research was conducted in September - October 2020 in Binebas Village, South Tabukan District, Sangihe Islands Regency, North Sulawesi Province. The method used in this research is qualitative and quantitative methods (mix methods). The coastal communities in Binebas Village take advantage of the catching season for squid. Not only fishermen, teachers, government employees, and farmers also catch squid. The traditional fishing gear used to catch squid is a squid fishing rod, which for the people of the binebas village is called Bawulu. The average catch per trip is around 300 squid. Some of the catches are sold, some are distributed to neighbors. The selling price of squid is 5 - 7 tails of IDR 20,000. Small size 10 - 15 fish Rp. 20,000, -. The sales proceeds obtained per trip are IDR 800,000 - IDR 1,000,000.


Author(s):  
Suzei Mat Nurudin ◽  
Dr. Zarina Mohd Zain ◽  
Nor Suhaiza Md Khalid ◽  
Rasukhan Safiin

Local government is the closest level of government to the local community and identified as the third level of government after the federal and the state government. Local government are regulated under the Local Government Act 1976 and each has their own power to enact by-laws under their respective administration area. By-laws is a formulation of the law under the jurisdiction of local government in performing its duties and functions covering the administrative area that has been identified by the state government. Some of the by-laws play a part in shaping the behavior of the societies, especially in local government areas which are quite different approach such as Kota Bharu Municipal Council of Islamic Cities (MPKB-BRI) and others local government located at Kelantan. By-laws implemented by local government in Kelantan are very much different compared to local government in other states in Malaysia which is the provisions of the by-laws that focused on Islamic by-laws such as ban on unisex salons, enforcement of board guidelines advertisement that prohibit an advertisements that do not cover the aurat and the enforcement of proper clothing covering the aurat among the Muslim community and dressing politely for non-Muslims that suggests the aurat closure and wearing appropriate clothing among traders, business premises owners and also the societies. The objective of this study is to review the extent and impact of the by-laws implemented by local government at Kelantan in influencing and shaping the behavior of the local societies to become guideline for the other local government at Malaysia. Keywords: Local Government, By-laws, Islamic By-laws & Jurisdiction


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