The Instrumental Component of the Epic Genres of the Carpathian Tradition

If the context of the performance of ritual and dance music is described in detail in a number of monographs at the beginning and middle of the last century, then with descriptions of the existence of epic genres the situation is somewhat different. Most collections of epic songs contain verbal and musical texts, however, the context of the performance, the number of performers, and the instrumental component are not always described. The article is devoted to the epic genres of folklore of the Ukrainians of the Carpathians. The article examines the modern existence of such epic genres of Ukrainian Carpathian folklore as psalm, song-chronicle, ballad. The aim of the study is to show the epic genres of folklore of the Ukrainian Carpathians in the context of its modern existence in the Carpathian village and in connection with the instrumental tradition of the region. The study covers Eastern Galicia (Halychyna), in particular Galician Hutsulshchyna and Pokuttia (Pokucie), where the author's fieldwork took place. Modern field recordings of psalms, which were previously carried by itinerant lyre players, indicate that the works of this genre in some places have survived to this day due to their inclusion in the calendar tradition. Some of them are preserved as Christmas and Lenten songs. So, in the village Stary Lisets of the Tysmenytsa district of IvanoFrankivsk region, the psalm «About Stratenska Virgin Mary» about the siege of the monastery by the Tatars became a carol. In the Kosiv and Verkhovyna districts of Ivano-Frankivsk region (Galician Hutsulshchyna), songs-chronicles («novyny») continue to exist. This genre of Ukrainian folklore appeared in the 17th century. Songs-chronicles reflect historical events from the time of the opryshky movement to the present day and family and household dramas. In the village Khymchyn of the Kosiv region, the author of these lines was lucky to record two songs-chronicles – about Dovbush and about the First World War. The performer alternated singing with playing on a sopilka-dencivka. The author finds out ideas of the bearers of the tradition about the correct performance of songs-chronicles. The classical performance of chronicle songs is predominantly solo (one singer and one accompanist-instrumentalist). Folk ballads that exist in the modern Carpathian region can be divided into local and late ones, a significant part of which came from the Central regions of Ukraine in the 20th century. At the same time, part of the late ballads comes from the ancient ones that arose on the territory of the Ukrainian Carpathians in the 17th–18th centuries. Evidence of the 20th century and the records of modern collectors of Carpathian folklore show that the performance of ancient Carpathian ballads is close to the performance of songs-chronicles. Old Carpathian ballads are characterized by a declamatory manner of singing accompanied by a violin, hurdy-gurdy or sopilka-flute and a narrow ambitus. Old ballads are associated with individual performance and folk-professional instrumentalism. Nowadays they can be heard less often than late ballads associated with collective choral singing. To get a complete picture of the context of the existence of the ancient Carpathian ballads, it is necessary to interview the inhabitants of the villages where they were recorded in the XX – at the beginning of the XXI century – Kornych, Myshyn, Cherni Oslavy, Velykyi Klyuchiv and Kosmach.

Features of the Use of Distance Education in Quarantine Conditions in the Postmodern World

Under the conditions of quarantine, distance learning turned out to be the only acceptable form of education, which corresponds to the current world norms of today's postmodern world space, because this type of organization of the educational process is included in the list of institutional forms along with full-time, part-time, network, and the like. Each institution of higher education, within the granted autonomy, has developed and implemented a system of measures for the technological and technical aspects of the implementation of the educational process under quarantine conditions. Along with the variety of forms of production of distance education, there are common problems and challenges for higher education institutions: the workload of both teachers and students has significantly increased; revealed the need for intensive training in the use of distance forms in the educational process; work intensified and it turned out to be obvious that specialized distance learning centers were functioning on the basis of higher educational institutions; Students with special educational needs require significant attention, both in terms of socio-psychological support and support in distance learning. The recommendations of the world community on the course of the educational process in the conditions of quarantine are considered. Most international organizations have implemented the statements and issued a set of recommendations for education systems that countries can use in making policy decisions and implementing specific action plans.

How do Specific Conditions Shape Values of Undergraduate Early Childhood Education Students in Slovenia?

The purpose of the study is to examine the early childhood education students’ values and what are the differences in the students’ values in specific conditions related to social environment. The values of undergraduate students who study early childhood education are very important for professional development and practice. The purpose of this study is to determine, if their values change during their study programme; which values are more important to the students; and what are the differences in the students’ values in terms of the type of study (full time/part time), years of study, age, work experience and work status. Results indicate that employed students have higher scores on other-centred values than unemployed students, older students express more others-centred values than younger students, while in self-centred values there are no age differences. Students who have more work experience express more others-centred values and students who study longer express more others-centred values than fresh students, while in self-centred values differences by years of study do not occur. These results reveal important changes in the hierarchy of values related to measured variables and interplay between various conditions.

Time-series data dynamic density clustering

In many clustering problems, the whole data is not always static. Over time, part of it is likely to be changed, such as updated, erased, etc. Suffer this effect, the timeline can be divided into multiple time segments. And, the data at each time slice is static. Then, the data along the timeline shows a series of dynamic intermediate states. The union set of data from all time slices is called the time-series data. Obviously, the traditional clustering process does not apply directly to the time-series data. Meanwhile, repeating the clustering process at every time slices costs tremendous. In this paper, we analyze the transition rules of the data set and cluster structure when the time slice shifts to the next. We find there is a distinct correlation of data set and succession of cluster structure between two adjacent ones, which means we can use it to reduce the cost of the whole clustering process. Inspired by it, we propose a dynamic density clustering method (DDC) for time-series data. In the simulations, we choose 6 representative problems to construct the time-series data for testing DDC. The results show DDC can get high accuracy results for all 6 problems while reducing the overall cost markedly.

Islamabad may compromise with Pakistani Taliban

Significance The TTP, emboldened by the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan, has intensified its insurgency in recent weeks. The group was formed in 2007 in North Waziristan, at that time part of Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). The FATA were merged with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province in 2018. Impacts The talks may, depending on how they progress, give the Pakistani government a template for negotiating with other hostile jihadist groups. Implementing sharia law in the ex-FATA would prompt demands for similar moves in other parts of Pakistan. Pashtun nationalists will strongly oppose any concessions that Islamabad makes to the TTP.

Accounting and financial accounting

The textbook consists of 15 chapters, as well as a set of practical (situational) cases for independent work of students of economic universities and faculties. Each chapter contains methodological guidelines for practical classes and situational tasks that allow integrating the knowledge gained in the process of studying financial accounting. The final part of the textbook contains a cross-cutting task, the solution of which allows the student to complete an internship as an accountant at a conditional enterprise. The complex of practical (situational) cases for students ' independent work consists of 10 options and includes five cases. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for undergraduate students studying in the direction of training 38.03.01 "Economics "(profile "Accounting, analysis and audit"), teachers, students of economic specialties of full-time, part-time, correspondence and distance learning, students of the system of additional professional education, practitioners of accounting services, management personnel, audit companies.

Social Exchange of Motivated Beliefs

We use laboratory experiments to study whether biases in beliefs grow more severe when people socially exchange these beliefs with one another. We elicit subjects’ (naturally biased) beliefs about their relative performance in an intelligence quotient (IQ) test and allow them to update these beliefs in real time. Part of the way through the task we give each subject access to the beliefs of a counterpart who performed similarly on the test and allow them both to observe the evolution of one another’s beliefs. We find that subjects respond to one another’s beliefs in a highly asymmetric way, causing a severe amplification of subjects’ initial bias. We find no such patterns in response to objective public signals or in control treatments without social exchange or scope for motivated beliefs. We also provide evidence that the pattern is difficult to reconcile with Bayesianism and standard versions of confirmation bias. Overall, our results suggest that bias amplification is likely driven by “motivated assignment of accuracy” to others’ beliefs: subjects selectively attribute higher informational value to social signals that reinforce their motivation.

Testing and Validation of a Custom CAD Tool to Support Design for Manufacturing: An Experimental Study

While fundamentals of DFMA are widely accepted and used in the engineering design community, many CAD environments lack tools that address manufacturing concerns and provide rapid feedback to designers about manufacturing impacts of their design choices. This paper presents an experiment-based testing and validation of a rapid feedback tool that provides users a history-based prediction of manufacturing time based on the current state of the design. A between-subjects experiment is designed to evaluate the impact of the tool on design outcomes based on modeling time, part mass, and manufacturing time. Participants in the study included mechanical engineering graduate and undergraduate students with at least one semester of experience using SolidWorks. The experiment included three different design activities and three different conditions of the design tool. Participants completed up to three sessions with different experimental conditions. Analysis of the data collected shows that use of the design tool results in a small but nonsignificant increase in modeling time. Moreover, use of the tool results in reduced part mass on average, as well as in a within-subject comparison. Tool use reduced manufacturing time in open ended activities, but increased manufacturing time when activities focus more on mass-reduction. Participant feedback suggests that the tool helped guide their material removal actions by showing the impact on manufacturing time. Finally, potential improvements and future expansions of the tool are discussed.