A simple predictor of interface orientation of mesogenic fluids and its implications for organic semiconductors

From classical molecular dynamics simulations, we identify a simple and general predictor of molecular orientation at solid and vapour interfaces of isotropic fluids of anisotropic particles based on their shape and interaction anisotropy. For a wide variety of inter-particle interactions, temperatures, and substrate types within the range of typical organic semiconductors and their processing conditions, we find remarkable universal scaling of the orientation at the interface with the free energy calculated from pair interactions between close-packed nearest neighbours and an empirically derived universal relationship between the entropy and the shape anisotropy and bulk volume fraction of the fluid particles. The face-on orientation of fluid particles at the solid interface is generally predicted to be the equilibrium structure, although the alignment can be controlled by tuning the particle shape and substrate type, while changing the strength of fluid--fluid interactions is likely to play a less effective role. At the vapour interface, only the side-on structure is predicted, and conditions for which the face-on structure may be preferred, such as low temperature, low interaction anisotropy, or low shape anisotropy, are likely to result in little orientation preference (due to the low anisotropy) or be associated with a phase transition to an anisotropic bulk phase for systems with interactions in the range of typical organic semiconductors. Based on these results, we propose a set of guidelines for the rational design and processing of organic semiconductors to achieve a target orientation at a solid or vapour interface.

Evaluation of the Modified SAMe-TT2R2 Score to Predict Good Anticoagulation Control with Warfarin Among non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation Patients

Background: The SAMe-TT2 R2 Score was developed to identify vitamin K antagonists control outliers before non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) patients start treatment. SAMe-TT2 R2 Score was derived and validated using a primarily white Caucasian population to predict TTR. Given that non-Caucasian race already confers 2 points in this score, the SAMe-TT2 R2 score requires validation and/or re-calibration despite race of population. Method: We conducted a cohort retrospective study that included all non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients who were on warfarin therapy from January to December 2019. Then we calculated the modified SAMe-TT2 R2 and SAMe-TT2 R2 for all study populations and we correlated the result with patients' TTR. The TTR was calculated through the Rosendaal's method. Results: We had 662 patient using warfarin therapy, among those 662, 60.9% were under cardiology and using it for cardiac indication, and only 18.1% diagnosed to have non-valvular AF. Modified SAMe-TT2 R2 score has good relation to original SAMe-TT2 R2 score as showed 75.71% (95% CI. 63.99 to 85.17%), 100% (95% CI. 92.89 to 100%) and 15% (95% CI. 3.21 to 77.95%); accuracy, sensitivity and specificity in relation to SAMe-TT2 R2 respectively. In addition to that in this small cohort we found that there is universal relationship between SAMe-TT2 R2 score, Modified SAMe-TT2 R2 score and TTR; TTR >=65% associate with low score (<2) of both SAMe-TT2 R2 , Modified SAMe-TT2 R2 score. Conclusion: The use of Modified SAMe-TT2 R2 score allows clinicians to make an informed decision on whether to start vitamin K antagonist or other non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant despite the race of the patients.

Tuning Charge Order in (TMTTF)2X by Partial Anion Substitution

In the quasi-one-dimensional (TMTTF)2X compounds with effectively quarter-filled bands, electronic charge order is stabilized from the delicate interplay of Coulomb repulsion and electronic bandwidth. The correlation strength is commonly tuned by physical pressure or chemical substitution with stoichiometric ratios of anions and cations. Here, we investigate the charge-ordered state through partial substitution of the anions in (TMTTF)2[AsF6]1−x[SbF6]x with x≈0.3, determined from the intensity of infrared vibrations, which is sufficient to suppress the spin-Peierls state. Our dc transport experiments reveal a transition temperature TCO = 120 K and charge gap ΔCO=430 K between the values of the two parent compounds (TMTTF)2AsF6 and (TMTTF)2SbF6. Upon plotting the two parameters for different (TMTTF)2X, we find a universal relationship between TCO and ΔCO yielding that the energy gap vanishes for transition temperatures TCO≤60 K. While these quantities indicate that the macroscopic correlation strength is continuously tuned, our vibrational spectroscopy results probing the local charge disproportionation suggest that 2δ is modulated on a microscopic level.

A self-developing human is a world changer

Relevance. It is difficult to make a breakthrough into the future without solving the global problem of forming an active position for most citizens who understand the issues of developing the society, the country and the world as a whole. The above, in its turn, requires reformatting the thinking of these people towards understanding that the emerging challenges should become decisive for everyone. Therefore, these problems should stimulate the humankind to change the surrounding reality in the adequate way. The research problem lies in the interdependence of two processes that predetermine the existence of life: a constantly changing Human and the changing World. The aim of the study is to show what the Human who is able to change the World should be, and how the changing World alters / improves this Human. The methodological basis is presented by the systematic approach to studying social processes, the principles of the unity of the historical and the logical; objectivity; universal relationship of phenomena; combination of retrospection with development prospects. Results and discussion. The key message of the research is the following: the Human is a child of nature who cannot build his/her life activity, ignoring the laws of the “global mother”. When a person improves, he/she changes the world in one way or another. These two processes are interdependent. Nurturing the younger generations to be comprehensively and harmoniously developed will be much more effective if their natural genetic potentialities and emerging giftedness are revealed at an early age. Besides, the children’s intellectual development should be morally coloured, should involve an ethical component, and the acquired knowledge needs proper intohumanization (i.e. it should become closer to a person’s inclinations and abilities). The expanding development scope of the younger generations will increase the opportunities for as many citizens as possible to change the world towards improving the life on Earth. The most controversial issue consists in forming the strongspiritual and moral core of the younger generations. Conclusion. The human creates the world and is the only being who can make it different. He/she is a world changer, while the world is a human changer, a human improver.

Membrane tension determines the geometry of donut-shaped transcellular holes

Bacteria and leukocytes employ donut-shaped transcellular holes in plasma membrane to cross the endothelial barrier. How these fused holes are regulated in a double-bilayer system is currently poorly understood. Here we use membrane physics to present a universal relationship that determines the geometry of the donut-shaped holes. Our study reveals that hole radius is determined by plasma membrane tension via a commonly used critical length scale [Formula: see text] defined by flexural stiffness ([Formula: see text]) and in-plane tension ([Formula: see text]). This relationship suggests that the hole diameter increases with a reduction in membrane tension, a finding aligned with the experimental observations but in contrast with the main current model in the literature.

Komparasi Terhadap Konsep Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam Dan Ukhuwah Insanniyah: Implementasinya Dalam Menjaga Kerukunan Pasca Konflik Antar Umat Beragama Di Kota Mataram

Cross religious studies is important to do in a multicultural society, such as Indonesia. This is because of the potential breakdown that can occur. The social breakdown appeared in various conflicts, one of which occurred between Hindu-Balinese and Muslim-Sasak in Mataram city. This conflict, which often result in problems of tolerance, not only creates chaos but also leaves sensitivity to both of groups that can potentially lead to new conflict. It is necessary to do internalization of awareness about the importance of unity based on the teachings of each religions. The author in this study attempted to conduct cross religious studies in the field of religious philosophy. The author tried to explore and compare the concept of the brotherhood of humanity in Islam, namely ukhuwah insanniyah concept, and the concept of vasudhaiva kutumbakam from Hinduism, as well as explore its relevance in maintaining harmony post-conflict in Mataram. As a research in the field of philosophy, this research uses the philosophical hermeneutic method, with the source of library data. The conclusions of this study: (1) the concept of vasudhaiva kutumbakam is the concept of the whole world family, this concept comes from the Veda, especially the Maha Upanisad. Meanwhile, the concept of ukhuwah insanniyah is the concept of universal brotherhood between mankind which refers to the Qur'an and hadith. (2) Both of concept based on universal relationship, but in the meaning of diversity, the concept of vasudhaiva kutumbakam emphasizes that every being is the same(tat tvam asi) in one family, while the concept of ukhuwah insanniyah emphasizes diversity as a necessity through which every human being can know each other. (3) Both concepts can encourage the emergence of awareness of unity and tolerance among religious communities in Mataram.

Asynchronous glutamate exocytosis is enhanced in low release probability synapses and is widely dispersed across the active zone.

The balance between fast synchronous and delayed asynchronous release of neurotransmitters has a major role in defining computational properties of neuronal synapses and regulation of neuronal network activity. However, how it is tuned at the single synapse level remains poorly understood. Here, using the fluorescent glutamate sensor SF-iGluSnFR, we image quantal vesicular release in tens to hundreds of individual synaptic outputs from single pyramidal cells with 4 millisecond temporal and 75 nm spatial resolution. We find that the ratio between synchronous and asynchronous synaptic vesicle exocytosis varies extensively among synapses supplied by the same axon, and that and that synchronicity of release is reduced at low release probability synapses. We further demonstrate that asynchronous exocytosis sites are more widely distributed within the release area than synchronous sites. Together, our results reveal a universal relationship between the two major functional properties of synapses – the timing and the probability of neurotransmitter release.