treatment monitoring
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Cucchiara ◽  
Rosa Scarpitta ◽  
Stefania Crucitta ◽  
Cristian Scatena ◽  
Roberta Arici ◽  
...  

Imaging and tissue biopsies represent the current gold standard for breast cancer diagnosis and patient management. However, these practices are time-consuming, expensive and require invasive procedures. Moreover, tissue biopsies do not capture spatial and temporal tumor heterogeneity. Conversely, liquid biopsy, which includes circulating tumor cells, circulating free nucleic acids and extracellular vesicles, is minimally invasive, easy to perform and can be repeated during a patient's follow-up. Increasing evidence also suggests that liquid biopsy can be used to efficiently screen and diagnose tumors at an early stage, and to monitor changes in the tumor molecular profile. In the present review, clinical applications and prospects are discussed.


Cancers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Hesam Abouali ◽  
Seied Ali Hosseini ◽  
Emma Purcell ◽  
Sunitha Nagrath ◽  
Mahla Poudineh

During cancer progression, tumors shed different biomarkers into the bloodstream, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). The analysis of these biomarkers in the blood, known as ‘liquid biopsy’ (LB), is a promising approach for early cancer detection and treatment monitoring, and more recently, as a means for cancer therapy. Previous reviews have discussed the role of CTCs and ctDNA in cancer progression; however, ctDNA and EVs are rapidly evolving with technological advancements and computational analysis and are the subject of enormous recent studies in cancer biomarkers. In this review, first, we introduce these cell-released cancer biomarkers and briefly discuss their clinical significance in cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Second, we present conventional and novel approaches for the isolation, profiling, and characterization of these markers. We then investigate the mathematical and in silico models that are developed to investigate the function of ctDNA and EVs in cancer progression. We convey our views on what is needed to pave the way to translate the emerging technologies and models into the clinic and make the case that optimized next-generation techniques and models are needed to precisely evaluate the clinical relevance of these LB markers.


Author(s):  
Johannes Thorman ◽  
Per Björkman ◽  
Gaetano Marrone ◽  
Taye Tolera Balcha ◽  
Fregenet Tesfaye ◽  
...  

To reach the goal of elimination of HIV as public health threat, access to antiretroviral treatment (ART) has to be further scaled up. To ensure viral suppression in individuals receiving ART, novel and robust systems for treatment monitoring are required.


Author(s):  
Alexandra J. Zimmer ◽  
Federica Lainati ◽  
Nathaly Aguilera Vasquez ◽  
Carole Chedid ◽  
Sean McGrath ◽  
...  

Background Current WHO recommendations for monitoring treatment response in adult pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) are sputum smear microscopy and/or culture conversion at the end of the intensive phase of treatment. These methods either have sub-optimal accuracy or a long turn-around time. There is a need to identify alternative biomarkers to monitor TB treatment response. Methods We conducted a systematic review of active pulmonary TB treatment monitoring biomarkers. We screened 9,739 articles published between January 1 st 2008 and December 31 st 2020, of which 77 met the inclusion criteria. When studies quantitatively reported biomarker levels, we meta-analyzed the average fold change in biomarkers from pre-treatment to week 8 of treatment. We also performed a meta-analysis pooling the fold-change since previous time point collected. Results A total of 81 biomarkers were identified from 77 studies. Overall, these studies exhibited extensive heterogeneity with regard to TB treatment monitoring study design and data reporting. Among the biomarkers identified, CRP, IL-6, IP-10 and TNF-α had sufficient data to analyze fold-changes. All four biomarker levels decreased during the first 8 weeks of treatment relative to baseline and relative to previous time points collected. Conclusion Based on limited data available, CRP, IL-6, IP-10 and TNF-α have been identified as biomarkers that should be further explored in the context of TB treatment monitoring. The extensive heterogeneity in TB treatment monitoring study design and reporting is a major barrier to evaluating the performance of novel biomarkers and tools for this use case. Guidance for designing and reporting treatment monitoring studies are urgently needed.


Author(s):  
Yi Dong ◽  
Jonas B.H. Koch ◽  
Axel L. Löwe ◽  
Michael Christen ◽  
Wen-Ping Wang ◽  
...  

Dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) enables quantification of tumor perfusion. VueBox is a platform independent external software using DICOM cine loops which objectively provides various DCE-US parameters of tumor vascularity. This review summaries its use for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of liver tumors. The existing literature provides evidence on the successful application of Vuebox based DCE-US for characterization and differential diagnosis of focal liver lesions, as well as on its use for monitoring of local ablative therapies and of modern systemic treatment in oncology.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 5528
Author(s):  
Peter J. Littrup ◽  
Nebojsa Duric ◽  
Mark Sak ◽  
Cuiping Li ◽  
Olivier Roy ◽  
...  

We evaluated whole breast stiffness imaging by SoftVue ultrasound tomography (UST), extracted from the bulk modulus, to volumetrically map differences in breast tissues and masses. A total 206 women with either palpable or mammographically/sonographically visible masses underwent UST scanning prior to biopsy as part of a prospective, HIPAA-compliant multicenter cohort study. The volumetric data sets comprised 298 masses (78 cancers, 105 fibroadenomas, 91 cysts and 24 other benign) in 239 breasts. All breast tissues were segmented into six categories, using sound speed to separate fat from fibroglandular tissues, and then subgrouped by stiffness into soft, intermediate and hard components. Ninety percent of women had mammographically dense breasts but only 11.2% of their total breast volume showed hard components while 69% of fibroglandular tissues were softer. All smaller masses (<1.5 cm) showed a greater percentage of hard components than their corresponding larger masses (p < 0.001). Cancers had significantly greater mean stiffness indices and lower mean homogeneity of stiffness than benign masses (p < 0.05). SoftVue stiffness imaging demonstrated small stiff masses, mainly due to cancers, amongst predominantly soft breast tissues. Quantitative stiffness mapping of the whole breast and underlying masses may have implications for screening of women with dense breasts, cancer risk evaluations, chemoprevention and treatment monitoring.


Author(s):  
Sohrab Almasi ◽  
Farkhondeh Asadi

COVID-19 has created major health-related, economic, and social challenges in societies, and its high contagion has dramatically altered access to healthcare. COVID-19 management can be improved by the use of telehealth. This study aimed to examine different telehealth technologies in the management of COVID-19 disease in the domains of surveillance, diagnosis, screening, treatment, monitoring, tracking, and follow-up and investigate the challenges to the application of telehealth in COVID-19 management. This scoping review was conducted based on Arksey and O’Malley's framework. Searches were performed in Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases to examine the evidence on the effectiveness of telehealth in COVID-19 management. Eventually, 36 articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria. The majority of these studies (33%) were conducted in China. Most services offered via telehealth focused on surveillance, tracking, and follow-up, in that order. Moreover, the most frequently used technologies were social networks, web-based apps, and mobile apps, respectively. The use of telehealth in COVID-19 disease management plays a key role in surveillance, diagnosis, screening, treatment, monitoring, tracking, and follow-up.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi F Walker ◽  
Farina Karim ◽  
Mahomed-Yunus S Moosa ◽  
Sashen Moodley ◽  
Matilda Mazibuko ◽  
...  

Current methods for tuberculosis (TB) treatment monitoring are suboptimal. We evaluated plasma matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and procollagen III N-terminal propeptide concentrations before and during TB treatment as biomarkers. Plasma MMP-1, -8 and -10 significantly decreased during treatment. Plasma MMP-8 was increased in sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture positive relative to culture negative participants, prior to (median 4609 pg/ml, IQR 2353-9048 vs 775 pg/ml, IQR 551-4920, p=0.019) and after 6 months (median 3650, IQR 1214-3888 vs 720, IQR 551-1321, p=0.008) of TB treatment. Consequently, plasma MMP-8 is a potential biomarker to enhance TB treatment monitoring and screen for possible culture positivity.


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