MULTIPLE VACUUM SYRINGE BLOOD ASPIRATION PROCEDURE (MVSBAP): A NEW HORIZON OF RAKTAMOKSHANA PROCEDURE IN PANCHAKARMA THERAPY OF AYURVEDA

Panchakarma is a specialized branch of Ayurveda that primarily deals with the body's purification (Shodhana) of doshas. As we know, the word Panchakarma refers to five special therapeutic procedures like Vamana, Virechana, Vasti, Nasya and Raktamokshana. Raktamokshana is an effective bloodletting therapy. Classically it is described as of six types, i.e. (1) Shringa, (2) Jalauka, (3) Alabu, (4) Shiravedha, (5) Prachchhana and (6) Ghatiyantra. In the present study, a clinical trial has been done, especially in the disease of Gridhrasi, with particular reference to Sciatica by combining Parchchhana and Ghatiyantra, a modified form of Raktamokshana therapy, called Multiple Vacuum Syringe Blood Aspiration Procedure (MVSBAP). Sciatica is painful neuralgia of the Sciatic Nerve in which pain starts from the gluteal region and buttock and comes down through the back of thigh, knee, calf and outer border of the foot. Sixty patients were selected for the clinical trial using a simple random sampling method from the OPD and IPD of Government Ayurveda College and Hospital, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. Two groups are made like Group-A and Group-B, each consisting of 30 patients. Patients of Group-A are treated with only traditional Ayurvedic medicines, and patients of Group-B are treated with MVSBAP and traditional Ayurvedic medication. After one month of final treatment, assessment is done on statistical parameters, which show pretty better results in Group-B patients. The application of MVSBAP in the disease of Gridhrasi draws a new horizon to the ailing humanities.

Response of a Small River Plume on Wind Forcing

Wind forcing is the main driver of river plume dynamics. Direction and magnitude of wind determine position, shape, and size of a river plume. The response of river plumes on wind forcing was simulated in many numerical modeling studies; however, in situ measurements of this process are still very scarce. In this study, we report the first direct measurements of frontal movement of a small river plume under variable wind forcing conditions. Using quadcopters, we performed nearly continuous daytime aerial observations of the Bzyb river plume located in the non-tidal Black Sea. The aerial remote sensing was accompanied by synchronous in situ measurements of wind forcing. We assessed spreading patterns of the plume and evaluated movement velocity of its outer border with unprecedentedly high spatial (∼10 m) and temporal (∼1 min) resolution, which was not available in previous studies based on in situ measurements and satellite observations. Based on the collected data, we evaluated the time of response of plume spreading dynamics on changes in wind forcing conditions. The advection velocity of the outer plume border shows linear relation to wind speed with very small response time (10–20 min). The reversal between upstream/downstream plume spreading occurs during several hours under moderate wind forcing conditions. These reversals involve only near-field part of the plume, which cause detachment of the far-field part of the plume. The obtained results are crucial for understanding and simulating spreading dynamics of small river plumes worldwide.

Ecological restoration of fodder productivity of degraded pastures in the foothill desert zone of Central Asia

Irrational, ecologically unregulated economic activity in the vast deserts of Central Asia has led to biodiversity depletion, decrease in the fodder productivity of natural pastures and, as a result, deterioration in the fodder base of grassland farming. Forage production of these degraded pastures requires ecological restoration. To enrich the species composition and to increase the fodder productivity of degraded pastures we conducted strip sowing of black saxaul. Restorative succession on degraded pastures led to the formation of a long-term halophytic shrub-ephemeral pasture community consisting of two layers: upper (I) layer represented by black saxaul and lower (II) layer composed of ephemeroids, ephemerals and annual saltwort. Ephemerals are short-growing fodder plants (March–April); Haloxylon aphyllum refers to long-growing (226–242 days) fodder plants, which sprout in the period from late March to early December. Annual salsolas Salsola carinata and Halocharis hispida develop well under the crown of Haloxylon aphyllum. Here they are much larger than between the crowns. The shrub-ephemeral pasture community is dominated by annual grasses and Poa bulbosa. They are mainly concentrated on the outer border of the undercrown ring and are characterized by lush development. In the halophytic semi-shrub-ephemeroid pasture community, the total yield of forage mass of ephemera was 0.90 t/ha; the total yield of forage mass of annual saltwort was 0.14 t/ha; the total yield of forage mass of Haloxylon aphyllum was 0.89 t/ha; the total yield of forage mass was 1.93 t/ha.

Deep Learning-Based Method to Recognize Line Objects and Flow Arrows from Image-Format Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams for Digitization

As part of research on technology for automatic conversion of image-format piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) into digital P&ID, the present study proposes a method for recognizing various types of lines and flow arrows in image-format P&ID. The proposed method consists of three steps. In the first step of preprocessing, the outer border and title box in the diagram are removed. In the second step of detection, continuous lines are detected, and then line signs and flow arrows indicating the flow direction are detected. In the third step of post-processing, using the results of line sign detection, continuous lines that require changing of the line type are determined, and the line types are adjusted accordingly. Then, the recognized lines are merged with flow arrows. For verification of the proposed method, a prototype system was used to conduct an experiment of line recognition. For the nine test P&IDs, the average precision and recall were 96.14% and 89.59%, respectively, showing high recognition performance.

RECONSTRUCTION OF THE FEMALE UROGENITAL COMPLEX IN THE PRENATAL PERIOD OF ONTOGENESIS

In 9-weeks prefetuses, urogenital complexes are located lower than in prefetuses of previous age groups. In the vertical sections of the urogenital cords, the paramesonephric ducts diff erentiate into the uterine tubes. Above the entrance to the pelvis, the urogenital cords pass obliquely in the vertical direction, at the level of which the paramesonephric ducts are connected, on both sides of which the mesonephric ducts are located. The primary kidneys are completely reduced in their upper two-thirds, the reduction of mesonephric cells in the lateral areas of the lower third of the kidneys begins. The caudal divisions of the paramesonephric ducts touch dorsally to the wall of the urogenital sinus, while the lower ends of the mesonephric ducts are in the thickness of the wall. The urogenital cords (mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts) protrude above the upper ends of the primary kidneys and below the permanent kidneys. The mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts are clearly demarcated by a layer of loosely spaced mesenchymal cells.In 10-weeks prefetuses, due to the connection of the lower vertical parts of the paramesonephric ducts, a common uterine- vaginal canal is formed, lined with pseudolayered epithelium. Mesonephric ducts retain their lumen in fragments.In 11-weeks prefetuses, the upper vertical sections of the urogenital cords, in connection with the reduction of the mesonephric ducts, contain mainly paramesonephric ducts, which are separated from each other by a loose layer of the mesenchyme. From these sections of paramesonephric ducts uterine tubes are formed. Oblique (middle) sections of the paramesonephric ducts with further development are transformed into intrauterine parts of the uterine tubes. The lower caudal sections of the paramesonephric ducts are transformed into the uterus and the upper two-thirds of the vagina.In 12-weeks prefetuses, the primary kidneys are almost completely reduced. Only single mesonephric tubules within their caudal area are determined. In parallel, there are intense processes of formation of internal female reproductive organs. The cranial ends of the uterine tubes expand, acquiring a funnel- shaped shape. The outer border of the infundibulum of the tube reminds a zigzag line, which is evidence of the beginning of the formation of the fi mbria of the uterine tube. The lumens of the mesonephric ducts are reduced to 6±0.1 μm, and in some parts of their walls are in contact with each other. Transformation of paramesonephric ducts into their derivatives (uterine tubes, uterus, upper part of the vagina) is accompanied by corresponding histological changes of their walls.

Influence of extended heat sources on the temperature distribution in profiled polar-orthotropic annular plates with heat-insulated bases

The solution of the stationary heat conduction problem for profiled polar-orthotropic annular plates with heat-insulated bases from N extended heat sources at their external border is presented. The temperature distribution in such plates will be non-axisymmetric. The solution of the stationary heat conduction problem for anisotropic annular plates of an random profile is resolved through the solution of the corresponding Volterra integral equation of the second kind. The formula of a temperature calculations in anisotropic annular plates of an random profile is given. The exact solution of stationary heat conduction problem for polar-orthotropic annular plate of an exponential profile is recorded. The temperature distribution in such anisotropic plate from N extended heat sources at its outer border is more complex than in the case of temperature distribution from N point heat sources at their external border.

Городища Башанта-I и Башанта-II эпохи Хазарского каганата

Introduction. In 2008 and 2015, two settlements of the Khazar era — referred to as Bashanta-I and Bashanta-II by the name of the locality respectively — were discovered. The joint archaeological expedition of Kalmyk Scientific Center (Russian Academy of Sciences) and Khalikov Institute of Archaeology (Tatarstan Academy of Sciences) headed by Dr. M. Ochir-Goryaeva is systematically exploring the monuments. The comprehensive research efforts involve the use of GIS methods. Analysis of animal bones resulted in five radiocarbon dates that may attest to that Bashanta-I and Bashanta-II are the earliest available sites of the Khazar domain. Further analysis of archaeological materials — Black Sea amphorae — confirms the mentioned radiocarbon-based conclusion. Goals. The paper seeks to review the newly discovered monuments comparing them to each other and other hillforts of the Khazar Khaganate. There have been a few excavation seasons only, and the observations are essentially preliminary. Results. In both the sites, large areas of cultural layers were opened. In Bashanta-I, this revealed remains of a stone building and a 189 meter long wall base composed of massive shell limestone blocks. The wall delineates the outer border of the once inhabited area. The eastern hill of Bashanta-II contains a similar fragmented wall base that served to separate the central part from the rest of the settlement. The wall encircled a number of round half dugout clay-and-wattle buildings and multiple middens. In Bashanta-II, the cultural layer contains (along with amphorae) numerous Saltovo-Mayaki pottery fragments and no traces of roof tiles. While ceramics of Bashanta-I is represented exclusively by amphorae fragments, and no samples of pottery or molded ceramics have been discovered. However, many fragments of roof tiles are observed along the wall base and the building area of Bashanta-I. It is noteworthy that all the roof tiles were brought in from offsite, and are distinguished by high quality, while other Khazar hillforts contain only scarce samples of locally-made tiles. Conclusion. According to G. Afanasiev’s typology, the obtained data make it possible to classify Bashanta-I as a fortress, and Bashanta-II as a fortified settlement.

The influence of the length of heat sources on the external border on the temperature distribution in profiled polar-orthotropic ring plates taking into account there heat exchange with the external environment

We study the influence of N extended heat sources at external boundaries on the nonaxisymmetric temperature distribution on profiled polar-orthotropic ring plates and take into account heat exchange with the external environment. The solution of the stationary heat conduction problem for anisotropic annular plates of a random profile is resolved through the solution of the corresponding Volterra integral equation of the second kind. The formula of a temperature calculations in anisotropic annular plates of an random profile is given. The exact solution of stationary heat conductivity problem for a reverse conical polar-orthotropic ring plate is recorded. The temperature distribution in such anisotropic plate from N extended heat sources at its outer border is more complex than in the case of temperature distribution from N point heat sources at their external border.

H. M. Reznikov. To the doctrine of the structure of the retina. -Diss. SPb. 1897 year

The work was carried out in the laboratory arranged by the author at the zemstvo emergency room. The author made his research according to the Golgi-Cajal method. At the beginning of the work, the author gives a short historical overview of the study of the structure of the retina, then describes the technique of the Golgi method in applying to the retina and finally gives the results of his own studies on birds. The author's conclusions are as follows: In day birds, the position of the nuclei in the outer nuclear, the layer is fixed only at the rods (near the outer border of the outer gossip-like layer). The cone nuclei lie in this layer at different heights. In night birds, cones and rods have the same base of legs and the same exact arrangement of nuclei as in mammals; fixed nuclei (at the inner border of m. limitans externa) have only cones. And so, the visual cells in night and day birds represent an inverse relationship in the sense of the position and fixation of the nuclei.