Queueing-Inventory with One Essential and m Optional Items with Environment Change Process Forming Correlated Renewal Process (MEP)

We consider a queueing inventory with one essential and m optional items for sale. The system evolves in environments that change randomly. There are n environments that appear in a random fashion governed by a Marked Markovian Environment change process. Customers demand the main item plus none, one, or more of the optional items, but were restricted to at most one unit of each optional item. Service time of the main item is phase type distributed and that of optional items have exponential distributions with parameters that depend on the type of the item, as well as the environment under consideration. If the essential item is not available, service will not be provided. The lead times of optional and main items have exponential distributions having parameters that depend on the type of the item. The condition for stability of the system is analyzed by considering a multi-dimensional continuous time Markov chain that represent the evolution of the system. Under this condition, various performance characteristics of the system are derived. In terms of these, a cost function is constructed and optimal control policies of the different types of commodities are investigated. Numerical results are provided to give a glimpse of the system performance.

FINANCING THE COSTS OF FORESTRY PRODUCTION: CURRENT STATUS AND WAYS OF DEVELOPMENT

The article analyzes the state of existing forms of financing of modern forestry, considers the procedure for financing activities for forestry and hunting by forestry institutions. It is emphasized that the existing procedure for financing and spending funds does not provide for the commensuration of rental income from the sale of finished products and the tax value of standing timber, does not determine the content of relations in general between forestry and timber industry.In order to strengthen financing of forestry production and forestry costs, it is proposed to change the institutional structure of functioning and to focus efforts on financing forestry activities in production forestry associations. It is also proposed that payments for forest resources, as the main item of forest income, be determined on the basis of a rent approach, taking into account supply and demand. The proposed measures will allow to strengthen the relationship between the economic interests of the two types of activities within the framework of a single organization and at the same time to strengthen the financial basis for the implementation of the main goal of forestry - to increase the productivity and sustainability of forests as an important structural element of the country's national wealth.

An Efficient Chameleon Swarm Algorithm for Economic Load Dispatch Problem

Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) is a complicated and demanding problem for power engineers. ELD relates to the minimization of the economic cost of production, thereby allocating the produced power by each unit in the most possible economic manner. In recent years, emphasis has been laid on minimization of emissions, in addition to cost, resulting in the Combined Economic and Emission Dispatch (CEED) problem. The solutions of the ELD and CEED problems are mostly dominated by metaheuristics. The performance of the Chameleon Swarm Algorithm (CSA) for solving the ELD problem was tested in this work. CSA mimics the hunting and food searching mechanism of chameleons. This algorithm takes into account the dynamics of food hunting of the chameleon on trees, deserts, and near swamps. The performance of the aforementioned algorithm was compared with a number of advanced algorithms in solving the ELD and CEED problems, such as Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA), Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), and Earth Worm Algorithm (EWA). The simulated results established the efficacy of the proposed CSA algorithm. The power mismatch factor is the main item in ELD problems. The best value of this factor must tend to nearly zero. The CSA algorithm achieves the best power mismatch values of 3.16 × 10−13, 4.16 × 10−12 and 1.28 × 10−12 for demand loads of 700, 1000, and 1200 MW, respectively, of the ELD problem. The CSA algorithm achieves the best power mismatch values of 6.41 × 10−13 , 8.92 × 10−13 and 1.68 × 10−12 for demand loads of 700, 1000, and 1200 MW, respectively, of the CEED problem. Thus, the CSA algorithm was found to be superior to the algorithms compared in this work.

Resource potential of Beninese soils for maize cultivation

Due to the growth of the population, the need of the Republic of Benin to increase food production is growing significantly. Maize is the main cultivated crop in the country, being also the main item of nutrition. The scientific rationale for expanding the area of maize cultivation is an important economic task. GIS database was created, which includes all the necessary information on soil, relief, and climate conditions in the country for assessment the resource potential of lands for maize cultivation. Geoinformation modeling of soil and land suitability for maize cultivation was performed. The most suitable lands were identified. Possibility to expand areas for maize cultivation in the country was assessed. It was found that the largest resources (in parts of the land fund) for the expansion of maize cultivation are in the following communities of Benin: Tory-Bossito (96%), Toviklin (92.41%), Materi (90.31%), Kobli (89.25%), Wayogbe (87.99), Parakou (86.57%), Jaco-Tomey (85.66%), Avrankou (85.46%), Allada (84.13%), Bohicon (82.24%), Sakete (81.85%), Za Kpota (78.08%), Akpo Misserete (77.96%), Bopa (77.15%), Kpomasse (75.82%) and Ifania (75.03%). The findings led us to conclude that, theoretically, the gross maize production in Benin could be increased fivefold (from 1,514,913 tons to 5,513,947 tons) only by expanding the cultivation area.

Evaluation of the Food Service provided in the 2nd Engineering Group

The food system of the Brazilian Armed Forces is governed by specific rules and financed by federal collections. In this context, the research proposes a methodology that allows evaluating the average level of satisfaction of users of the foodservice provided in the Procurement of the 2nd Engineering Group, located in the city of Manaus, capital of Amazonas. Therefore, an online questionnaire was developed and applied, adapted from the model proposed by Barros (2013), using four quality dimensions: (i) product quality; (ii) environmental conditions; (iii) facilities; and (iv) employees. The questionnaire has 19 items distributed among the four dimensions, in which the respondent indicated their level of satisfaction using the 10-point Likert scale. The questionnaire was available for ten days and obtained 105 respondents. Data were analyzed using the mean and standard deviation of dimensions and items. It was observed that the “employees” dimension obtained the best evaluation, and the item with the best performance was “employees' hygiene”. On the other hand, the “facilities” dimension had the worst performance, and the main item that needs improvement is “access to people with special needs”. After analyzing the data, the main conclusion of the survey was that the level of customer satisfaction with the aforementioned food service is “GOOD”. In the end, improvement suggestions were made for five items considered to be the most critical. For future studies, it is suggested to evaluate the level of customer satisfaction with that service after applying the improvement actions suggested in this work.

Morphological aspects and its influence in the ecological role of two simpatric species (Lagodon rhomboides and Archosargus rhomboidalis) in Terminos lagoon, Mexico

In Terminos Lagoon the Sparidae family is represented mainly by Lagodon rhomboides (Lr) and Archosargus rhomboidalis (Ar), both reported with herbivorous habits, however, the record of carnivorous or omnivorous habits in other regions raises questions about the correct classification of the ecological role they play and the influences that morphological aspects may have (e.g. oral difference and intestine length). The objective was to analyze the trophic role (amplitude, overlap and trophic level) through the stomach content and its possible relationship with the morphological aspects of L. rhomboides. and A. rhomboidalis during three climatic seasons (30 individuals per species per season). As results, 180 individuals were analyzed with an average total length of 14.0 ± 2.5 (cm) for both species. According to the Index Importance Geometric (IGI), Thalassia testudinum was the main item of L. rhomboides (IGI= 86.3) and A. rhomboidalis (IGI= 63.3), however, the secondary items for A. rhombiodalis (Brachidontes (Hormomya) exustus= 5.70) and L. rhomboides (Parvilucina (Parvilucina) multilineata= 16.80) were different. The trophic breadth (“Bi”) indicated that L. rhomboides. and A. rhomboidalis are specialists (BiLr= 0.02 and BiAr= 0.01). At the intraspecific level, there is high similarity (ANOSIM) in the diet of both Sparids between seasons (RLr= 0.03 and RAr= 0.05), however, at the interspecific level, low similarity was observed (Rg= 0.15), which was reflected in the NT of both Sparids (NTLr= 2.22 and NTAr= 3.71). The average buccal area was smaller in L. rhomboides (12.90 mm) compared to A. rhomboidalis (13.07 mm). Based on the intestinal index, L. rhomboides is classified. (Ii= 2.20) as herbivore, and A. rhomboidalis (Ii= 0.71) as carnivore. In conclusion, both species presented differences in trophic roles, probably related to specific morphological aspects. This information is relevant to know the vulnerability of a species from simulation studies to different phenomena such as climate change. Keywords: Herbivore, Gulf of Mexico. Protected Natural Area, ANOSIM and Coastal Lagoons.

REVITALISASI PASAR SENI DAN WISATA GABUSAN

<p><strong><em>Abstract.</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><em>An art market is a place where producers and consumers meet with various arts as its main item. Meanwhile, a tourism destination is a place where it should contain 3 main elements: attraction, amenity, accommodation. Tourism Gabusan Art and Cultural Market in Bantul, Yogyakarta experience a degradation of its quality as the market as well as a place for accommodating arts. One of its main causes is its lack of visibility or visual quality or image toward its area. So that, this should be further analyzed and revitalized from an architectural and urban design point of view. Revitalization is an effort to enhance a land or region's value through rebuilding or reconstruction of its area. The imageability approach by Kevin Lynch will be used in this research by using five-city elements in Gabusan Art Market with SWOT analysis. The research method is a comparative study by using data from literature review and observations. The result of this research was used as a reference to redesign Gabusan Art Market to achieve optimal visual quality. Masterplan of Gabusan Art and Cultural Market in Bantul, Yogyakarta was produced as a final product, along with the development strategy to cope with the challenges of tourism attraction.</em></p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak.</strong> <em>Pasar seni adalah tempat jual beli dan bertemunya produsen dan konsumen dengan barang atau jasa yang ditawarkan berupa berbagai hasil karya seni. Sedangkan tempat wisata adalah tempat yang memiliki 3 aspek pokok yaitu atraksi, amenitas, dan akomodasi. Pasar Seni dan Wisata Gabusan (PSWG) di Kabupaten Bantul, Yogyakarta mengalami penurunan kualitas sebagai destinasi seni dan wisata di Yogyakarta. Salah satu penyebab utama adalah kualitas visual Pasar Seni dan Wisata Gabusan yang kurang menarik dan perlu direvitalisasi dari segi arsitektur dan kawasan. Revitalisasi adalah upaya untuk meningkatkan nilai lahan/kawasan melalui pembangunan kembali dalam suatu kawasan yang dapat meningkatkan fungsi kawasan sebelumnya. </em><em>Pendekatan analisis kualitas visual atau citra kawasan yang dipakai adalah teori imageability oleh Kevin Lynch dengan parameter kelima elemen perkotaan di kawasan Pasar Seni dan Wisata Gabusan. Metode dalam pengabdian ini adalah studi komparasi (perbandingan) dengan studi kasus dan analisis SWOT lalu menggunakan strategi revitalisasi. Pengambilan data dengan studi literatur dan observasi kawasan. Hasil analisis menjadi acuan dalam mendesain ulang Pasar Seni dan Wisata Gabusan agar lebih menarik dan tertata secara visual. Masterplan revitalisasi Pasar Seni dan Wisata Gabusan merupakan produk akhir yang disertai pula dengan strategi pengembangan untuk menjawab tantangan meningkatkan daya tarik obyek wisata,</em><em></em></p><strong>Kata kunci : <em>Pasar, Seni, Gabusan, Kualitas Visual, Citra</em></strong><div id="gtx-trans" style="position: absolute; left: -28px; top: 182px;"> </div>

The Relationship between Pica and Iron Deficiency Anemia among Pregnant Women in East Jeddah Hospital

INTRODUCTION. The most common cause of eating non-food items (pica) is specific deficiencies of minerals, such as iron. This study aimed to assess the relationship between Pica and Iron deficiency anemia among pregnant women. METHODS. The study was conducted in the out-patient department, antenatal Clinic at East Jeddah Hospital from July to September 2020. Design: A quantitative descriptive correlation design. Sample size: A total of 400 pregnant women, included anemic pregnant women, &ge; 18 years old, with singleton fetus and iron deficiency anemia. RESULTS. The mean age was 32.2 &plusmn; 6.6, half of the participants reported food cravings. Ice was the main item in pica followed by clay and chalk. Two-thirds had pica, more than half during the 1st trimester. There is a statistically significant relationship between pica and the history of a family member, parity, and gravidity at (P&lt; 0,001, P &lt;0,001, P &lt;0,005) respectively. Hb and hematocrit in relation to pica reflected a statistically significant relationship (P&lt; 0,001) and (P&lt; 0,001), respectively. The symptoms attributed to iron deficiency were significantly associated with pica (P&lt; 0,006). CONCLUSION. The pica and iron deficiency anemia had a significant association with pregnant women in EJH. RECOMMENDATION. The follow-up visits should integrate the food behavior inquiry to check if the pica existing with anemic or non-anemic pregnant women. Also, increase the awareness among midwives-nurses about the prevalence of pica and iron deficiency anemia among pregnant women.

Incense burners and altar dishes of the Sargatka Culture

The paper concerns the so-called incense burners and small altar dishes found in the burial complexes of the Sargatka Culture in the forest-steppe region of the Western Siberia, as well as in the burials of the Cis-Urals nomads of the 4th–2nd c. BC, which were used for burning and incensing of various substances. Compilation of materials allows forming a clearer view on the possible function of these objects, which is debatable amongst the researchers. The incense burners are small cylindrical stone or pottery vessels with considerable amount of tal-cum in the pottery clay. The altar dishes represent round, oval or subrectangular objects made of stone and clay with or without legs. The cylinder-shaped incense burners and altar dishes are, apparently, similar in function to each other. The absence of a high rim on the latter is compensated by a large area of the dish itself. The volume of the incensed substance would be nearly the same in both types of the burners, while sustaining burning on the altar-dishes would not require special means, such as wall penetrations alike those in the cylindrical incense burners. Few preserved burials contain incense burners alongside other, in our opinion related, objects — flat-bottom vessels, sometimes with stone bases, which allows econstruction of the implement in its assembled form and suggestion of a method of its application. The main item was an incense burner — a container of a cylindrical or conical shape, usually with through-holes in the wall to allow air intake inside the ware, sometimes having nip-ple-shaped protrusions on the inner surface of the bottom increasing the surface area of contact with the incense substance. The incense burner would have been placed in a flat-bottom jar filled with smoldering embers and installed on a fire-resistant base. The studied objects and their handling resemble the ceremonial described by Herodotus as a ritual purification amongst the Scythians. However, in our opinion, it cannot be ruled out that they could have been used in the rituals involving hallucinogenic substances, performed with the aim of prophesizing, divination, to communicate with gods and spirits, which were practised by people of the Sarmatian and Sargatian (at least in the western part of the area) Cultures and administered, most likely, by special, elected persons. When those persons die, the implements would be placed into their burials as a grave goods.

The Beginning of the Putin's Era (2000–2008)

Received 21.08.2020. The author of the article believes the beginning of the “Putin’s era” – the first two terms of his presidency (2000–2008) – to be generally successful for Russia. In eight years, the bases of the state shaken in the 1990s were strengthened, the threat of an intensive political struggle, which, however, lost much of its outdoor competitive nature, decreased, the economy became stronger, the living conditions of the population improved, the activity and influence of Russia in international affairs increased. This was largely due to the favorable global economic environment for Russia and, above all, high prices for energy resources, which were the main item of Russian exports. No less obvious were the personal achievements of President Putin, who managed to consolidate the unbalanced state, put an end to the pressure of oligarchs on authorities, restore the Kremlin’s control over regional elites, and extinguish hotbeds of separatism in Russia. He has built the very “vertical of power” for which his political opponents, both inside the country and abroad, will consistently criticize him. Having inherited Boris Yeltsin’s policy of developing cooperation with the West, Vladimir Putin at first continued to follow this path, but gradually became disillusioned with the sincerity of Western partners towards Russia. He was most concerned about the eastward expansion of NATO’s military infrastructure, its approach to Russian borders, and the West’s general reluctance to consider Russian interests. Putin openly expressed the accumulated claims against the United States and NATO in February 2007 at the Munich Security Conference. 2007 was a turning point in Putin’s foreign policy towards the West. Since then, the focus has been shifted to protecting Russia’s national interests. Within the country, for eight years, Putin had failed to create a modern, self-regulating and multi-level system of government. The destructive chaos of the 1990s was replaced by centralized “manual control” from the Kremlin, but it also worked with constant failures. The state apparatus, especially at the regional level, did not work effectively enough, and regional authorities often did not follow the orders of the President. The lessons of the first stage of the Putin’s era were: the reasonably required consolidation of the state, building the “vertical of power” often occurred at the expense of the civil society’s interests, the interests of consolidating and expanding democracy in Russia.