Eye-Tracker Study of Influence of Affective Disruptive Content on User’s Visual Attention and Emotional State

When reading interesting content or searching for information on a website, the appearance of a pop-up advertisement in the middle of the screen is perceived as irritating by a recipient. Interrupted cognitive processes are considered unwanted by the user but desired by advertising providers. Diverting visual attention away from the main content is intended to focus the user on the appeared disruptive content. Is the attempt to reach the user by any means justified? In this study, we examined the impact of pop-up emotional content on user reactions. For this purpose, a cognitive experiment was designed where a text-reading task was interrupted by two types of affective pictures: positive and negative ones. To measure the changes in user reactions, an eye-tracker (for analysis of eye movements and changes in gaze points) and an iMotion Platform (for analysis of face muscles’ movements) were used. The results confirm the impact of the type of emotional content on users’ reactions during cognitive process interruptions and indicate that the negative impact of cognitive process interruptions on the user can be reduced. The negative content evoked lower cognitive load, narrower visual attention, and lower irritation compared to positive content. These results offer insight on how to provide more efficient Internet advertising.

SENTIMENT ANALYSIS OF COVID-19 VACCINATION POSTS ON FACEBOOK IN INDONESIA WITH CROWDTANGLE

COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) due to the virus's uncontrolled spread around the world, including in Indonesia. The Indonesian government has made a number of steps to stop COVID-19 from spreading, one of which is COVID-19 vaccinations. However, not everyone thinks the vaccination is a good idea. Just like in many other countries, Indonesian people responded in different ways to COVID-19 vaccination posts on social media, be it from government officials/agencies or news portals. Their responses can be used to help the government decide on a better vaccination strategy that will help minimize the virus spread and end the pandemic in Indonesia. Using the lexicon method in determining the content sentiment in COVID-19 vaccination posts on Facebook, this research found that unlike news portals that tend to post a more balanced content (36% positive, 20% negative, and 44% neutral out of 23,623 posts with min score = -19, max score = 24, mean score = 0.25, and SD = = 1.43), government accounts posted much more positive content, both in terms of quality (min score = -15, max score = 40, mean score = 4.16, SD = 6.76 ) and quantity (69% classified as positive) than they did the neutral (15%) and the negative content (16%) out of 723 posts. Subsequent analysis with Two-Way ANOVA tests discovered that COVID-19 vaccination posts by the news portal accounts can elicit more varied reactions from the public than government accounts that tended to elicit only positive reactions. It is also confirmed that both the content sentiment of COVID-19 vaccination posts in Indonesia and the account types making the posts as well as their interaction terms do have an impact on how the public responses to them.

The conception of sustainable development: from environmentalism to ethics and philosophy of science

We consider the conception of sustainable development in the light of the achievements of the philosophy of science, most clearly represented by the theory of conceptual transduction. Four trends in the development of the conception of sustainable development are considered: the development of the conception of sustainable development at the UN summits, clarification of the concept of sustainable development, correlation of the conception of sustainable development with ethics, and its characterization from the perspective of philosophy of science. The first three trends, having no distinct methodology, do not lead to significant innovations. The fourth trend allows us to translate the content of the conception of sustainable development, including its inherent ethical orientation, into scientific rails. It turns out that in the fullest form the aspirations of modern humankind and its hopes for a favourable future are expressed by the strategy of all-round development of science, which considers the positive content of the conception of sustainable development.

The activities of outstanding educators Stefan of Perm and Trifon of Vyatka on the development of education of the population of the Vyatka-Kama region

Introduction. The problem of studying the educational efforts of the first enlighteners of the Russian Land is of relevance, theoretical interest and practical value for teachers in terms of forming spiritual and moral values among the younger generation, familiarizing young people with remarkable examples of selfless activity of the founders of education in the enlightenment of their people. The purpose of the study is to characterize the main directions of educational efforts of Stefan Permsky and Trifon Vyatsky. Materials and methods. To achieve the aim of the research the author used the following scientific methods: analysis of the historical literature, scientific and pedagogical interpretation of the information contained in the sources; comparative and historical methods; axiological approach, which allows to identify the positive content in the scientific material to be studied. The results of the study. The historical importance of the invention of the first alphabet by Stefan Permsky for the Komi people is proved. Its use in the course of church services represented the first attempt to educate and, at the same time, convert this northern people to Christianity, and contributed to the spread of literacy and Orthodoxy in the Vyatka-Kama region as a whole. Tryphon Vyatsky is shown as the builder of Orthodox churches, which became, at his command, a repository of books and written documents, and this, in turn, stimulated the initial development of the letter "on Vyatka". Tryphon Vyatsky contributed to the spread of book literacy and moral development, first of local priests, and then of the entire population of the region. He showed himself as a strict zealot of Orthodox morality, who fought against the spread of bad habits. Both enlighteners are shown as spiritual mentors and guardians of order and morality. Their educational activities laid the foundation for the further development of education in the Vyatka-Kama region. Conclusion. The initial stage of the development of education in the region under consideration was carried out thanks to the ascetic efforts of the first educators, whose example up to the present time serves as a moral guide for the modern generation of teachers of the Vyatka-Kama Region.

Practicing Atheism

Practicing Atheism is a cultural study of contemporary atheism, focusing on how atheists negotiate meanings and values through media. This book examines a variety of cultural products, both corporate driven and grassroots, that circulate messages about what atheism means—what ideas, values, affinities, and attitudes the term denotes. Through the creation, consumption, and exchange of this media, atheism gains positive content, the term signaling much more than lack of belief in god(s) for those who identify with the emergent culture. Primary source materials for this book include grassroots Internet communities, popular television programming, organized atheist events, and material culture representations of the movement, such as those found in atheist fan art. Practicing Atheism argues that atheist culture emerges from a unique tension with religion—a category atheists critique and resist but also, at times, imitate and approximate. Using a framework based on ritual studies, this book theorizes ambivalence, ambiguity, and “in-betweenness” as the essential condition of contemporary atheist culture.

The Commodification of Body Positivity: Constructing a Neoliberal Fat Citizenship

From inspirational messages to celebrated pictures of cellulite and belly rolls, body positive content has become increasingly popular on social media platforms, particularly on image-based networking sites. With the rapid growth of communication technology, it is not surprising that social networking sites, such as Instagram, have become one of the most dominant and influential mediates to cultivating awareness, foster community, and advocate for social change. Instagram’s transition to an advertising platform, however, has introduced a consumerist structure to user activity for corporations to better direct advertisements at target audiences. A once social movement advocating for the rejection of thin beauty ideals in favour of a more inclusive and positive conception of body image has felt the impact of commoditization on its message and advocates. Through Foucauldian Discourse Analysis, this research study seeks to analyze the impact of Instagram’s transition to a commercialization platform on the self-representation of body positive advocates to better understand the influence of neoliberal and capitalist structures on social resistance movements and strategies.

The Commodification of Body Positivity: Constructing a Neoliberal Fat Citizenship

From inspirational messages to celebrated pictures of cellulite and belly rolls, body positive content has become increasingly popular on social media platforms, particularly on image-based networking sites. With the rapid growth of communication technology, it is not surprising that social networking sites, such as Instagram, have become one of the most dominant and influential mediates to cultivating awareness, foster community, and advocate for social change. Instagram’s transition to an advertising platform, however, has introduced a consumerist structure to user activity for corporations to better direct advertisements at target audiences. A once social movement advocating for the rejection of thin beauty ideals in favour of a more inclusive and positive conception of body image has felt the impact of commoditization on its message and advocates. Through Foucauldian Discourse Analysis, this research study seeks to analyze the impact of Instagram’s transition to a commercialization platform on the self-representation of body positive advocates to better understand the influence of neoliberal and capitalist structures on social resistance movements and strategies.

212 An Election During a Pandemic: Relationship Between Political Affiliation and Pandemic-Related Sleep and Dreams

Introduction In 2020, a global pandemic impacted sleep for many people in the US, which was also experiencing an extremely contentious election season. These overlapped somewhat, as the liberal/left side of the political spectrum was more vocal about the dangers of COVID-19 and the pandemic, while the conservative/right frequently expressed less concern about COVID-related risks. Perhaps this confluence was borne out in sleep quality and dreams. Methods A sample of N=419 US adults completed online surveys about sleep and COVID-19 experiences. Participants rated their political affiliation on a scale of 0 (Very Conservative/Right) to 6 (Very Liberal/Left). Participants were also asked whether, since the pandemic, their sleep improved or worsened, whether their dream content has become more positive (more or less positive content, versus same) or negative (more or less negative content, versus same), the number of nightmares they recall, and whether their dreams included themes of politics and/or COVID. Regression analyses examined political affiliation as independent variable with ordinal logistic analyses for sleep improvement/worsening, multinomial logistic analyses for positive/negative content, linear regression analyses for nightmare frequency, and binary logistic analyses for presence of political/COVID themes in dreams. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Results Greater liberal/left affiliation was associated with a greater likelihood of worsened sleep (oOR=1.20, p=0.002), but no difference in likelihood of sleep improvement. Greater liberal/left affiliation was associated with a greater likelihood of decreased positive dream content (RRR=1.29, p=0.001) but no different in likelihood of increased positive content. In addition, greater liberal/left affiliation was associated with an increased likelihood of more negative dream content (RRR=1.33, p<0.0005) but no difference in the experience of less negative content. Liberal/left affiliation was also associated with more frequent nightmares during the pandemic (B=1.55, p=0.019), and more political dreams (OR=1.29, p=0.010) but no difference in COVID-related dreams. Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic, more liberal/left individuals reported a greater degree of worsening sleep and dream content that was less positive and more negative in nature. Though there was no difference in COVID-related dream content, there was a difference in political content in dreams. Support (if any) None

210 Changes in Dream Recall During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Associations with Sleep, Stress and Dream Content

Introduction During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals have faced unprecedented events, which are often stressful. Stress has an important impact on dreams, and stress-induced sleep difficulties may also impact dream recall. The present study evaluated associations between sleep, stress and dream content on dream recall during the pandemic. Methods A sample of N=419 US adults completed online surveys about sleep and COVID-19 experiences. Participants were asked if they remember more, fewer or about the same amount of dreams as before the pandemic. They were also asked whether the pandemic was associated with more stress, a more regular schedule, improved sleep, worse sleep, more early insomnia, more middle-of-the-night insomnia, more sleepiness, and more naps. They also completed the Insomnia Severity Index, Fatigue Severity Scale, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Brief Index of Sleep Control, Assessment of Sleep Environment, GAD-7 anxiety scale, and PHQ9 depression scale. Multinomial logistic regressions examined correlates of increased or decreased recall (versus same), adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Results Those who experienced greater schedule regularity were less likely to report decreased recall (RRR=0.50,p<0.0005), as were those who reported sleep improvement (RRR=0.48,p=0.006). Those whose sleep worsened were more likely to report both increased (RRR=1.64,p=0.003) and decreased (RRR=2.16,p<0.0005) recall. Those suffering maintenance insomnia were more likely to report both increased (RRR=1.70,p=0.001) and decreased (RRR=2.68,p<0.0005) recall, as did those who reported more daytime sleepiness (Increased RRR=1.57,p=0.006; Decreased RRR=1.94,p=0.001). Those whose dream content was more negative were more likely to report both increased (RRR=4.05,p<0.005) and decreased (RRR=3.35,p<0.0005) recall, as did those who reported less negative content (Increased RRR=4.20,p<0.0005; Decreased RRR=5.05,p<0.0005). Similarly, those who reported more positive dream content reported both increased (RRR=17.37,p<0.0005) and decreased (RRR=7.14,p=0.02) recall, as did those who reported less positive content (Increased RRR=4.49,p<0.0005; Decreased RRR=5.59,p<0.0005). Less recall was associated with greater insomnia severity (RRR=1.08,p=0.001), fatigue (RRR=1.04,p=0.001), sleepiness (RRR=1.09,p=0.01), COVID stress (RRR=1.67,p=0.03), anxiety (RRR=1.08,p=0.01), and depression (RRR=1.06,p=0.007), worse sleep environment (RRR=1.06,p=0.005), and less sleep control (RRR=0.56,p=0.001). Conclusion The results of this survey suggest that a sudden decrease in dream recall in reaction to a new stress could be considered as a pejorative indicator regarding sleep quality and mental health. Support (if any) R01MD011600, R01DA051321