Contemporary Theoretical Understandings About Education

Education is one of the basic phenomena of human existence. Looking through the history of civilization, man has always worked, discovering new knowledge and thus enriching the fund of knowledge and skills, understandings, beliefs, and attitudes passed on to younger generations. In this way, the continuous development and constant progress of humanity, science, technology, philosophy and art, human society, and man himself has been made possible. Education is the best form of prevention of sociopathological manifestations in all educational environments, intentional and functional. Positive educational influences in any educational environment depend on what each individual member of the community and society as a whole will be like. Quality, proper, and good upbringing is the best prevention of all aspects of sociopathological manifestations. The masculine gender in this chapter implies both male and female genders.

Gender Representation in the Russian Recruitment Discourse (In Job Advertisements and Cvs)

The article describes gender representation peculiarities in the Russian discourse of employment, revealing the role of gender stereotypes in responding to a job advertisement and the ways employers inform candidates about the gender of the employee desired. We used the methods of content analysis and semantic interpretation, as well as ethnographic and quantitative methods. The corpus for analysis includes job advertisements and resumes that reflect the peculiarities of the interaction of languages and cultures in the context of globalization. The subject of the current research is gender representation ways in job advertisements and resumes in the Russian employment discourse. The results show that masculine gender predominance in the position names in job advertisements does not influence female candidates’ desire to apply for a job. Moreover, the research suggests that female candidates tend to apply for the professional spheres that were conventionally regarded as those of males, i.e., IT or telecom. At the same time, the resistance of Russian employment discourse to the global feminist one was reviled, as no so-called feminitives have been found in its corpus. The study demonstrates the growing influence of English-based patterns on Russian employment discourse conventions, expressed by informal, personalized, and individual-focused interaction with a candidate in job advertisements. The findings also indicate that professional skills and gender specificity of a professional sphere influence the desire of a candidate to apply for a job rather than a masculine gender in the vacancy name. Moreover, to implicit the gender of a candidate, employers can use either visual or text opportunities of a job advertisement. Besides, some cases of gender specificity blurring have been detected in the professional spheres that were conventionally considered as the ones for females (domestic staff or beauty sphere) where male candidates now tend to be of demand.

Correlation between mortality due to COVID-19, wealth index, human development and population density in districts of Metropolitan Lima during 2020

OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between mortality due to COVID-19 and incidence of poverty and district human development index (HDI) in the department of Lima. METHODOLOGY: An observational, ecological, correlational study. The population were patients who died from COVID-19 in Lima Metropolitana. We included all patients reported dead in the open data base of the Ministerio de Salud. The dependent variable was mortality due to COVID-19, calculated by dividing the number of deaths by the total district population, and the independent variables were the incidence of poverty and HDI. We carried out a secondary analysis evaluating the fatality by COVID-19. The correlation was calculated through Spearman’s non-parametric method. RESULTS: 13 154 people died of COVID-19 during the period between March and September, the majority was of masculine gender with an average age of 66 years. We did not find a significant correlation between mortality and incidence of poverty (rho=-0,2230; p=0,15). We found a significant correlation between mortality due to COVID-19 and HDI (rho= 0,4466; p=0,002). Mortality was correlated with population density (rho=0,7616; p=<0,001). We found a positive (rho=0,32) and significant (p=0,037) correlation between fatality and incidence of poverty. We found a significant correlation between fatality due to COVID-19 and population density (rho=0,7616; p=<0,001). We did not find a significant correlation between fatality and HDI. CONCLUSIONS: Population density was a factor associated in the most consistent manner with mortality and fatality due to COVID. Poverty was associated to greater fatality, but not to greater mortality.

ПРОБЛЕМИ ПРИ ГРАМАТИЧЕСКАТА АДАПТАЦИЯ НА НОВИ ЗАЕМКИ ОТ АНГЛИЙСКИ ЕЗИК / PROBLEMS OF THE MORPHOSYNTACTIC ADAPTATION OF RECENT ENGLISH LOANWORDS IN BULGARIAN

This paper examines the morphosyntactic adaptation of recent English loanwords to the grammatical system of Bulgarian. It builds on the conclusions in Hristov (2015) and outlines the latest trends in the accommodation of some problematic Anglicisms. Special attention is paid to the gender and number adaptation of nouns, the (in)declinability of adjectives, as well as the adoption of new verbs. The results demonstrate that the accommodation strategies discussed in the specialist literature are for the most part followed consistently although there are some exceptions too. In spite of the sizable number of imported adjectives which receive Slavonic derivational suffixes, a large number of newly borrowed adjectives remain indeclinable; there is also evidence for the blurring of the boundaries between adjective and noun modifiers – an expected new development in the ever growing tendency for foreign adjectives to remain uninflected in Bulgarian. The few borrowed verbs likewise take derivational suffixes and are thus successfully incorporated into the Bulgarian verbal system. At the same time, there are some surprising findings which suggest that processes rather untypical of Bulgarian might be underway. Nouns exclusively denoting females can be assigned a formal masculine gender, even without belonging to the so-called dual gender of epicene nouns – a highly unusual phenomenon. The material also turns up zero plural inflections, as well as plurals with English -s. The analysis highlights the competition between Bulgari-an and foreign forms and structures, as well as the question whether those innovations have the potential to become more established in Bulgarian grammar. Keywords: Anglicisms/English loanwords, morphosyntactic adaptation, nouns, adjectives, verbs, Bulgarian language

Status loss due to COVID-19, traditional masculinity, and the prediction of suicidal ideation and recent suicide attempts

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is causing extensive job loss leading to a loss of social status in many men. Endorsement of traditional masculinity ideology may render some men particularly sensitive to status loss and thereby to an increased risk for suicidality.Methods: In this anonymous online survey conducted in German-speaking European countries, 490 men completed questionnaires regarding loss of social status due to the pandemic, suicidal ideation and past-month suicide attempt. Furthermore, prototypical and male-typical externalizing depression symptoms, self-identified masculine gender orientation, endorsement of traditional masculinity, and gender role conflict were measured.Results: Out of a total of 490 men, 14.7% of men reported experiencing a status loss due to the pandemic. These men were more than twice as likely to report suicidal ideation during the past two weeks, and more than four times as likely to have attempted suicide in the past month than men not reporting a status loss. Depression symptoms, self-identified masculine gender orientation, endorsement of traditional masculinity, but not gender role conflict were positively associated with status loss. Suicidal ideation and suicide attempt were associated with prototypical and male-typical externalizing depression symptoms, but not masculinity- related constructs.Conclusion: Status loss emerges as risk factor for suicide and is associated with depression symptoms, higher masculine gender orientation and endorsement of traditional masculinity. Men with high levels of traditional masculinity and status loss due to the pandemic are at increased risk for suicide.

The influence of men’s masculine gender-role attitude and behaviour on sexual relationships and reproductive health in Malaysia: A cross-sectional study

Background: This article is an extension of previous research on masculinity and sexual and reproductive health using a newly developed local masculinity scale, KANITA Masculinity Scale, to study men’s masculine gender-role attitude and behavior in Malaysia. Objective: To explore how Malaysian men’s masculine gender-role attitude and behavior influence sexual relationships and reproductive health. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study used the localized genderequitable men scale to measure the attitude of Malaysian men toward sexual relationships and reproductive health. A questionnaire survey was administered to a sample of 168 men of ages 20–64 yr, in Malaysia. Data were analyzed using SmartPLS version 3.2.6. Results: The findings of the study showed that men’s traditional behavior and controlling nature are positively associated with the inequality in sexual relationships (p < 0.05, t = 1.838; and p < 0.05, t = 3.750, respectively) and reproductive health (p < 0.05, t = 2.196; and p < 0.05, t = 4.133, respectively). In other words, men who offer stronger endorsement of traditional behavior and control over women report more negative condom attitude and greater priority of men’s desire in sexual relationships. In contrast, there was no significant relationship between men’s response to family and feminine roles in men with sexual relationships and reproductive health. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of considering traditional masculinity ideology when considering the role of men in sexual relationships and reproductive health. Our findings suggest gender transformative policies and programs seeking to inspire men for more gender-equitable relationships with their partners. Key words: Attitudes, Masculinity, Gender-role, Sexual health, Reproductive health, Malaysia.

Adolescents’ Modern Media Use and Beliefs About Masculine Gender Roles and Norms

In the current study, cultivation theory is used to examine associations among amount of time spent with television (including Netflix or other streaming services), video games, and YouTube and beliefs about masculine roles and norms within a diverse sample of 307 13- to 18-year-olds from the United States. Heavy users of television, video games, and YouTube outscored lighter users on endorsement of views of masculinity that favor emotional detachment, dominance, toughness, and/or avoidance of femininity among boys and girls in the sample. For boys only, heavy exposure to violence in favorite games also played a role.

Masculine Gender Norms and Adverse Workplace Safety Outcomes: The Role of Sexual Orientation and Risky Safety Behaviors

The current study tested the proposition that higher conformity to masculine gender norms (CMGN) is associated with increased safety risk-taking behaviors, which in turn are related to more accidents, injuries, and higher levels of accident underreporting. Additionally, we proposed that sexual minority status would exacerbate the relationship between conformity to masculine gender norms and safety risk-taking behaviors. Using two-wave lagged survey data obtained from N = 403 working adults, findings supported the proposed moderated-mediation model. High conformity to masculine gender norms was associated with increased safety risk-taking behaviors, accidents, injuries, and accident underreporting. Moreover, the relationship between CMGN and safety-risk-taking behaviors was stronger among homosexual men compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Additionally, safety risk-taking behaviors mediated the relationship between CMGN and safety outcomes. Finally, this indirect effect was stronger among homosexual men. Combined, these findings suggest that CMGN adversely impacts employee safety outcomes via safety-related risk-taking. We discuss these implications as well as the need for interventions designed to decrease risk taking behaviors in light of CMGN, particularly among sexual minorities.