synthetic line
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2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 169-169
Author(s):  
H Manu ◽  
M Fletcher ◽  
K Fang ◽  
Sudario Roberto Silva Junior ◽  
J Dunkelberger ◽  
...  

Abstract The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of sire line on sow and piglet performance during lactation. Commercial Landrace x Large White females (n = 60) were bred to one of the following sire lines: a purebred Duroc line (Line S1), a synthetic (Line S2), or purebred Duroc (Line S3) from a different genetic source. Matings were balanced by line and parity. Females were fed a common gestation and lactation diet during these respective phases. Sow and piglet data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using the GLM procedure of SAS. Results show that, during lactation, females bred to line S3 lost significantly (P = 0.01) more BW (-16.93 ± 3.56 kg) than females bred to line S2 (-2.00 ± 3.50 kg). However, no evidence of a difference (P = 0.18) in BW loss was detected between females bred to line S3 (-16.93 ± 3.56 kg) vs. Line S1 (-7.90 ± 3.56 kg). Further, sows bred to line S3 weaned significantly (P = 0.03) more piglets (12.0 ± 0.28) than females bred to line S2 (10.9 ± 0.27), but not (P = 0.1) compared to females bred to line S1 (11.7 ± 0.27). No significant effect of line (P > 0.05) or parity (P > 0.05) on total number of piglet’s born, number born alive, number of stillborn piglets, or preweaning mortality was detected. The number of mummified fetus tended to be lower in line S2 (0.17 vs 0.66; P = 0.079) and line S3 (0.12 vs 0.66; P = 0.051) sows compared with line S1 sows, respectively. In conclusion, sire line did not have a significant effect on total number born, number born alive, number stillborn, or preweaning mortality. However, females bred to line S3 lost significantly more BW during lact but weaned significantly more piglets than females bred to line S2.


2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 169-170
Author(s):  
H Manu ◽  
M Fletcher ◽  
K Fang ◽  
Sudario Roberto Silva Junior ◽  
J Dunkelberger ◽  
...  

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sire line on wean-to-finish performance, carcass characteristics, and meat pricing variables. Pigs used for this study were the progeny of a commercial Landrace x Large White female mated to one of the following sire lines: a purebred Duroc line (Line S1), or a synthetic (Line S2) or purebred Duroc line (Line S3) originating from a different genetic source. An equivalent number of pigs (n =144) were used per group, for 432 pigs placed on test. Average initial weights per line were 6.67 ± 0.24, 6.67 ± 0.24, and 6.60 ± 0.24 for lines S1, S2, and S3, respectively. At placement, 8 pigs were assigned to each pen (split sex) and blocked by line and initial BW, with 18 replicates per line. Data were analyzed at the pen level using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS, where the effects of line, sex, and line*sex were fitted as fixed effects and replicate was fitted as a random effect. Overall, piglets from line S2 (0.403 vs 0.381; P ≤ 0.0004) and line S3 (0.402 vs 0.381; P ≤ 0.001) had improved GF compared with piglets from line S1. The ADFI was greater in piglets from line S1 relative to piglets from line S2 (2.264 vs 2.117 kg; P ≤ 0.0001) and line S3 (2.264 vs 2.159 kg; P ≤ 0.004). The ADG, HCW, dressing yield, and loin depth were not different among treatment (P > 1.00). Piglets from line S3 had greater percent lean (57.12 vs 56.29 %; P ≤ 0.0001) and better carcass grade premium ($7.07 vs 6.60; P ≤ 0.0291) relative to piglets from line S1. In conclusion, line S1 piglets had greatest ADFI, but line S2 pigs and line S3 piglets had better feed efficiency. Line S3 pigs were leaner and had better carcass grade premium.


2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Rafik Belabbas ◽  
Maria de la Luz García ◽  
Hacina AinBaziz ◽  
Ali Berbar ◽  
Maria José Argente

<p>The aim of this study was to estimate the limiting litter size components in rabbit females from a Synthetic line (n=32) and a Local population (n=34). Ovulation rate, number of implanted and live embryos were counted by laparoscopy at 12 d after mating. Prolificacy (total newborn, number born alive and mortality) and embryonic, foetal and prenatal survival at day of birth of the 3<sup>rd</sup> gestation were measured. The analysed traits were body weight of the female at mating, ovulation rate, implanted, live and resorbed embryos, embryonic, foetal and prenatal survival, as well as total newborn, number born alive and mortality at birth. Synthetic line females had a higher ovulation rate compared to the Local population (11.03±0.23 vs. 8.41±0.23 corpora lutea; <em>P</em>&lt;0.0001). Synthetic line displayed a higher number of implanted embryos (10.00±0.25 vs. 7.85±0.25 embryos; <em>P</em>&lt;0.0001). No difference was found between groups for number of resorbed embryos. Similar embryonic, foetal and prenatal survival rates were reported between the Synthetic line and the Local population. Additionally, total newborn was higher in the Synthetic line than in the Local population (+1.46 kits; <em>P</em>&lt;0.05). A principal components analysis was performed. The first four principal components (PC) explained more than 90% of the total variation in both lines. Total newborn, number born alive and live embryos were the main variables defining the 1<sup>st</sup> PC. Resorbed embryos and foetal survival were located in the 2<sup>nd</sup> PC. Ovulation rate and embryonic survival were the predominant variables defining the 3<sup>rd</sup> PC. The body weight of females was located in the 4<sup>th</sup> PC. The phenotypic correlation between total newborn and its components were high and positive in both lines, except for ovulation rate and total newborn, where it was moderate in Synthetic line. In conclusion, the females from Synthetic line have a higher total newborn than those from Local population, as a consequence of a higher number of released oocytes and embryos that successfully reach implantation. However, a higher uterine crowding in Synthetic line seems to limit survival of foetuses that reach term of gestation, while ovulation rate is the principal limiting factor of total newborn in Local population.</p>


2020 ◽  
Vol 499 (3) ◽  
pp. 3728-3737
Author(s):  
F D Priestley ◽  
A P Whitworth

ABSTRACT Filamentary structures are ubiquitous in observations of real molecular clouds and also in simulations of turbulent, self-gravitating gas. However, making comparisons between observations and simulations is complicated by the difficulty of estimating volume densities observationally. Here, we have post-processed hydrodynamical simulations of a turbulent isothermal molecular cloud, using a full time-dependent chemical network. We have then run radiative transfer models to obtain synthetic line and continuum intensities that can be compared directly with those observed. We find that filaments have a characteristic width of ${\sim }0.1 \, {\rm pc}$, both on maps of their true surface density and on maps of their $850\, {\rm \mu m}$ dust continuum emission in agreement with previous work. On maps of line emission from CO isotopologues, the apparent widths of filaments are typically several times larger because the line intensities are poorly correlated with the surface density. On maps of line emission from dense gas tracers such as N2H+ and HCN, the apparent widths of filaments are ${\la}0.1\, {\rm pc}$. Thus, current observations of molecular-line emission are compatible with the universal $0.1 \, {\rm pc}$ filament width inferred from Herschel observations, provided proper account is taken of abundance, optical depth, and excitation considerations. We find evidence for ${\sim}0.4 \, {\rm km \, s^{-1}}$ radial velocity differences across filaments. These radial velocity differences might be a useful indicator of the mechanism by which a filament has formed or is forming, for example the turbulent cloud scenario modelled here, as against other mechanisms such as cloud–cloud collisions.


2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
J. Navaranjan ◽  
J. Szymanowicz ◽  
M. Murawski ◽  
T. Schwarz ◽  
P. M. Bartlewski

Current methods of mammalian semen evaluation focus on determining spermatozoa motility, concentration, mitochondrial status, and nucleus or chromatin structure integrity, quantifying their ability to bind to ova or measuring seminal plasma content of various biochemical markers. However, there is a paucity of studies that address relationships between sperm head morphometry (the external shape and dimensions of the sperm) and fertilising ability. Sperm head morphometrics are influenced by many molecular and biochemical factors such as genetics, DNA or protein condensation, and cell membrane permeability, all of which can affect semen viability. The objective of this experimental work was to determine quantitative correlations between sperm head dimensions and various indices of sperm quality in frozen-thawed ram semen. Ejaculates were collected from 16 clinically healthy rams (4 Polish Lowland (PON), 4 Olkuska, 5 synthetic line BCP (Berrichon du Cher×Charolais×PON/Polish Merino), and 3 synthetic line SCP (Suffolk×Charolais×PON/Polish Merino) aged 4-12 years) into an artificial vagina in the middle portion of the breeding season. Ejaculates from each ram were divided into two equal portions, diluted with a commercial semen extender prepared in deionised water or nanowater (water declusterised using cold plasma treatment) to a final concentration of 400×106 spermatozoamL−1, and frozen in 0.25-mL plastic straws. After 6 months of being cryogenically preserved, semen samples were thawed and used for the preparation of smears stained with eosin or SpermBlue. Images of the samples containing at least 100 spermatozoa were taken under 200× magnification and used for determination of sperm head morphology with the image analytical software Image Pro Plus (Media Cybernetics Inc.). Sperm progressive motility and survival time, as well as extender concentrations of alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase, were measured. Finally, 128 BCP ewes were inseminated laparoscopically with the ram semen and fertility parameters were recorded. The present data were analysed using a multivariate analysis of variance in SAS (SAS Institute Inc.) and Spearman correlation tests. There were no significant effects or interactions of breed, staining method, or extender diluent on sperm head dimensions (head length, width, area, perimeter, and roundness). The mean head length was negatively correlated (P&lt;0.05) with the percentages of spermatozoa with vacuolated, detached, or amorphous heads or small acrosomes; thick and thin midpiece defects, distal droplet, broken tail plus distal droplet, short tail plus distal droplet, and thick midpiece plus proximal droplet; and sperm progressive motility. In addition, sperm head roundness was negatively correlated with the proportion of spermatozoa with coiled tails. There were no correlations of sperm head dimensions with survival time, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations, or conception and pregnancy rates of artificially inseminated ewes. Sperm length and roundness (but no other measurements) were significantly correlated with segmental sperm defects and motility that may impinge the fertilising ability of frozen-thawed ram semen.


2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 5281-5286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela M Iglesias ◽  
Zulma E Canet ◽  
Horacio Cantaro ◽  
María C Miquel ◽  
Julián E Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Qian‐qian Song ◽  
Fen Wu ◽  
Jin‐zhi Zhang ◽  
Ming‐shu Xu ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafik Belabbas ◽  
Maria de la Luz Garcia ◽  
Hacina Ainbaziz ◽  
Nadia Benali ◽  
Ali Berbar ◽  
...  

Aim: The objective of this work was to study the growth performance, slaughter traits, meat quality, and metabolic profile in rabbits of local Algerian population and a synthetic line. Materials and Methods: In total, 120 weaned rabbits were used (60 per group). Growth traits were recorded from weaning (35 days) to slaughter (91 days). At slaughter, carcass traits, meat quality, and metabolic profiles were measured. Results: The synthetic line showed heavier total weight and faster daily weight gain than the local population (+15% and +19%, respectively), better feed conversion (3.92 vs. 4.81 g/g), and heavier weight of cold carcass, and perirenal fat (+15%). No differences were found between the two groups in dressing out percentage, muscular pH, weight of liver, or scapular fat. Wider intestinal villi were found in the synthetic line (+20%, p<0.0001) allowing better absorption surface in this line. The synthetic line also showed higher fat content (3.41% vs. 2.22%, p<0.0001) in the meat and lower protein content (22.02% vs. 18.98%, p=0.0002). Glucose level was 19% higher in the local population than in the synthetic line. Conclusion: The synthetic line is well adapted to the local conditions of Algeria. This line has shown better growth, daily gain, and feed conversion, due to its better intestinal absorption surface.


Biologija ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana Polishchuk ◽  
Svitlana Tsekhmistrenko ◽  
Vitalii Polishchuk ◽  
Oksana Tsekhmistrenko ◽  
Nataliia Ponomarenko ◽  
...  

Complex research into biochemical aspects of the functioning of the antioxidant system for the protection of sperm of the breeding boars has established that the intensity of the flow of peroxide oxidation of lipids in germ cells is much higher than in the extracellular space. Reactions of free radical peroxide oxidation of proteins and lipids in the semen of healthy breeding boars are characterized by a stable level of activity that is necessary for the normal course of implementation of processes of the reproductive function. All components of the antioxidant system stay in mutual compensatory ratios under physiological conditions. As a rule, reducing the concentration or activity of some antioxidant enzymes leads to corresponding changes in others. The main antioxidants of the germ cell genomes are superoxide dismutase and ceruloplasmin. Catalase is a key enzyme that neutralizes H2O2 in the semen fluid of breeding boars. The content of total proteins in the semen of the synthetic line SS23 animals is greater (p < 0.05) than in the breeding boars of the large white breed. The processes of the oxidative modification of proteins in the animals body of the synthetic line runs more intensely, as it is evidenced by the higher content of the aldehyde and ketodinitrophenyl hydrazones of the main and neutral character in the sperm cytoplasm.


2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-275
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Minh Thành ◽  
Peter Mather

Six microsatellites were used to characterize genetic diversity in three purebred giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) strains that originated from a diallel cross among two wild Vietnamese strain (Dong Nai and Mekong) and a third domesticated Hawaiian strain. All three purebred strains showed relatively high levels of genetic diversity with average number of alleles per locus (A) ranging from 13 to 15. Average observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosities across loci were 0.84 to 0.89 and 0.87 to 0.89, respectively. Microsatellite data from the three purebred strains were pooled together as a basis for estimating the levels of genetic diversity in an synthetic hatchery population and this compared with data for genetic diversity in the three wild populations combined. No significant differences were observed in the relative levels of genetic diversity between the two combined populations. Average A, Ho, and He for the experimental vs. wild reference populations were 24.33 vs. 24.33, 0.87 vs. 0.90, and 0.94 vs. 0.95, respectively. Therefore, an experimental population formed by combining the genetic resources from three purebred strains showed non-significant loss of genetic diversity as a consequence of domestication process. Thus such a synthetic line can provide an important genetically diverse resource for the planned development of GFP culture in Vietnam.


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