Water quality in areas around Galuga Landfill, Bogor Regency, West Java

The research is aimed to analyze leachate, surface water and ground water characteristics around Galuga landfill site, Bogor District. Water samples had been taken in dry season of 2014 and in the end of rainy season of 2015 from several sites in areas around Galuga landfills which included leachate water, surface water, and ground water. Leachate, surface water and ground water had temperature and pH in normal ranges; whereas nitrate and Pb contents were high to very high levels, especially in site adjacent to waste piles. The concentrations decreased in line with increasing distance from waste piles. Higher content of nitrate in leachate occurred in dry season, but in well water it was found in rainy season. Meanwhile, Pb content in well water were high, both in dry and rainy seasons. Concentrations of nitrate and Pb in leachate water were higher than wastewater quality standard, so that the leachate water were not safe to be discharged directly to natural water body. The high content of nitrate and Pb caused the well water unsuitable to be consumed without water treatment processing.

Massive C loss from subalpine grassland soil with seasonal warming larger than 1.5 °C in an altitudinal transplantation experiment

Climate change is associated with a change in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, implying a feedback mechanism on global warming. Grassland soils represent 28 % of the global soil C sink and are therefore important for the atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration. In a field experiment in the Swiss Alps we recorded changes in the ecosystem organic carbon stock under climate change conditions, while quantifying the ecosystem C fluxes at the same time (ecosystem respiration, gross primary productivity, C export in plant material and leachate water). We exposed 216 grassland monoliths to six different climate scenarios (CS) in an altitudinal transplantation experiment. In addition, we applied an irrigation treatment (+12–21 % annual precipitation) and an N deposition treatment (+3 and +15 kg N ha−1 a−1) in a factorial design, simulating summer-drought mitigation and atmospheric N pollution. In five years the ecosystem C stock, consisting of plant C and SOC, dropped dramatically by about −14 % (−1034 ± 610 g C m−2) with the CS treatment representing a +3.0 °C seasonal (Apr.–Oct.) warming. N deposition and the irrigation treatment caused no significant effects. Measurements of C fluxes revealed that ecosystem respiration increased by 10 % at the +1.5 °C warmer CS site and by 38 % at the +3 °C warmer CS site (P ≤ 0.001 each), compared to the CS reference site with no warming. However, gross primary productivity was unaffected by warming, as were the amounts of exported C in harvested plant material and leachate water (dissolved organic C). As a result, the five year C flux balance resulted in a climate scenario effect of −936 ± 138 g C m−2 at the +3.0 °C CS, similar to the C stock climate scenario effect. It is likely that this dramatic C loss of the grassland is a transient effect before a new, climate adjusted steady state is reached.

Valorisation of Partially Oxidized Tailings in a Cover System to Reclaim an Old Acid Generating Mine Site

The reclamation of acid-generating mine tailings typically involves building cover systems to limit interactions with water or oxygen. The choice of cover materials is critical to ensure long-term performance, and partly determines the environmental footprint of the reclamation strategy. The objective of this research was to evaluate if tailings pre-oxidized on-site could be used in cover systems. Column experiments were performed to assess the effectiveness of a cover with capillary barrier effects (CCBE), where the moisture retention layer (MRL) was made of pre-oxidized tailings with little to no remaining sulfides (LS tailings). The columns were submitted to regular wetting and drying cycles, and their hydrological and geochemical behaviour was monitored for 510 days. The LS tailings showed satisfying hydrological properties as an MRL and remained saturated throughout the test. The concentrations of Cu in the drainage decreased by more than two orders of magnitude compared to non-covered tailings. In addition, the pH increased by nearly one unit compared to the control column, and Fe and S concentrations decreased by around 50%. Despite these improvements, the leachate water remained acidic and contaminated, indicating that acid drainage continued to be generated despite a hydrologically efficient CCBE.

Profile of Leachate and Sea Water in The Waste Processing Area Suwung, Denpasar, Bali

This study aims to determine the profile of leachate, and seawater in the Suwung waste processing area (TPA Suwung). The method used in this research was descriptive quantitative. The results showed a high profile of untreated leachate with a TSS value of 9.407 mg/L, pH with a value of 8.17, DO with a value of 0.063 mg/L, BOD with a value of 375.5 mg/L, and COD with a value of 5.776 mg/L. The treated leachate with a TSS value of 4,987 mg/L, pH with a value of 8.52, DO with a value of 0.063 mg/L, BOD with a value of 321.9 mg/L, and a COD value with a value of 3.069 mg/L. Meanwhile, the seawater profile was classified as good with parameter values of TSS with a value of 76 mg/L, DO 7.54 mg/L, pH 7.54, BOD with a value of 13.6 mg/L, COD with a value of 64 mg/L. The existence of TPA Suwung has a negative impact and influence on seawater in the area. Revitalization efforts are needed to carry out leachate water treatment so that the effluent quality can be improved for the quality of water around TPA Suwung.

Vertical Expansion Stability of an Existing Landfill: A Case Study of a Landfill in Xi’an, China

The vertical expansion of existing landfills can hold significant amounts of domestic waste and solve practical difficulties such as local government site selection. This research topic has become increasingly popular in the field of environmental geotechnical engineering. This study examined vertical expansion stability of landfills considering high leachate water level. The results showed the following. (1) Four slope instability modes for landfill vertical expansion are categorized according to the following slip surface positions: shallow slippage of the existing landfill, shallow slippage of the expanding landfill, interface slip between the existing landfill and expanding landfill, and deep slippage passes through the foundation soil. (2) The factor of safety decreases as the height of leachate level increases. When the height of leachate level rises from 2 m to 20 m, the factor of safety of the landfill is reduced by 13.2–15.4%. (3) As the vertical expansion height increases, the factor of safety of the existing landfill decreases, and when the expansion height increases to 30 m, the stability factor of safety of the old waste landfill is reduced by 4.83%. A landfill in Xi’an is considered as an example for the analysis, which shows that a leachate drainage layer can discharge leachate from the landfill body efficiently, reduce the leachate level height of the landfill body, and improve the stability of vertical expansion of the landfill. This study and its findings can be used as a reference for similar expansion projects.

The Influence of Leachate Water on Corrosion Rate of Mild Steel Plate

<p class="02abstracttext">Leachate water from final waste landfill (Tempat Pembuangan Akhir, TPA) contains harmful substances for the environment and living organisms. Furthermore, the leachate water can deteriorate equipment buried near TPA, e.g. buried water pipe. This work investigated the corrosion rate of mild steel SPCC SD after immersion in leachate water of TPA Gunung Kupang and Cahaya Kencana located in South Kalimantan. The steel plate immersion into leachate water was worked out in 3 different cases. The first case was 2 weeks immersion in leachate water followed by 1 week contact with ambient air. In the second case, steel plate was immersed in leachate water for 1 week and then 2 weeks in direct contact with ambient air. The last one was steel plate immersion in leachate water for 3 weeks without any direct contact with ambient air. The investigation shows that longer contact duration between wet steel surface, after immersion in leachate water, with ambient air increases the corrosion rate. The investigation shows also that the corrosion rate due to leachate water from Gunung Kupang landfill is higher than that of Cahaya Kencana landfill. Corrosion rate for TPA Gunung Kupang case varies from 0.441 to 0.718 mmpy. Meanwhile, corrosion rate for TPA Cahaya Kencana varies from 0.131 to 0.495 mmpy. This is due to lower pH of leachate water from TPA Mount Kupang.</p>

Analisis Kualitas Air Lindi dan Permukaan pada areal TPA Sowi Gunung dan Sekitarnya di Kabupaten Manokwari Papua Barat

The aim of the research was to determine the quality of leachate water in the processing unit (IPAL) of TPA Sowi Gunung and the quality of surface water around the TPA in relation to the operation of the IPAL TPA.The method used in this research is descriptive method with cross sectional survey technique by collecting leachate samples from the IPAL unit and surface water samples from two springs around the landfill area accompanied by in situ measurements of pH parameters and continued with 6 parameter quality analysis others (TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, N-total, TOC) at the Laboratory of the Center for Environmental Research, University of Papua. The result of the research it is known that the parameters of pH, TSS, BOD, COD, N-total, and TOC in the TPA IPAL unit are categorized as under quality standards (PerMenLHK No.59 of 2016 concerning leachate quality standards for businesses and / or activities for final processing sites trash).In particular, the TDS parameter does not have a tolerance limit corresponding to this quality standard so that it becomes a separate consideration in its management considering that water with a high amount of dissolved solids> 1000 mg / L has an unpleasant taste, so it is not suitable for consumption.Likewise, the quality of surface water at 2 (two) observation points of springs through parameters of pH, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, N-total, and TOC are categorized as under class I water quality standards according to PP No. 82 of 2001 concerning water quality management and water pollution control.

Physicochemical indicators of the influence of a lined municipal landfill on groundwater quality: a case study from Poland

The paper aims to determine the most significant physicochemical indicators of the effects that a lined landfill in southern Poland has had on groundwater quality. The results of the tests of groundwater and leachate water from the landfill for the period 2009 to 2016 were subjected to a detailed statistical analysis based on the 10 physicochemical parameters. A factor analysis was conducted considering the European Union and national requirements for landfills using analytical and statistical tools. The leachate contamination indicators from a landfill were analysed to reveal their interaction with the groundwater. The assessment indicated that there was an elevated and statistically significantly higher electrical conductivity and copper and total organic carbon concentrations in groundwater hydraulically downgradient of the landfill. The assessment also indicated that there were significant differences in the correlations between chemical parameters downgradient of the landfill and that there was a trend of increasing concentrations of some chemical constituents in groundwater. The adverse effects of the landfill were due to the deposited amount of waste exceeding 10 Mg per day. The impact was noticeable despite low and decreasing concentrations of heavy metals (Hg, Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn) in the leachate. The deterioration of the chemical state of the groundwater in the landfill vicinity could result in the extended time of pollutant migration or mass transport in the irrigated soil medium due to the limited efficiency of the leachate intake system or sealing screen after more than 20 years of landfill operation.

The Effect of the Manner in Which Montane and Submontane Areas Are Utilized on the Quality of Leachate Water

This study aimed at assessing the effect of how submontane soils are managed on the quantity and quality of leachate water, as well as on the load of nutrients leached with it. The quality of leachate water moving through the soil profile at the depth of 0–30 cm was investigated. The quality of leachate water from six research variants was analyzed in three periods: intensive growing, inhibited growing, and the non-growing season. It was established that the type of flora had a significant effect on the amount and chemical composition of water flowing through the soil profile. The highest loads of minerals were leached with leachate waters from arable land. Contrary to the common opinion, unused meadow had the best quality of leachate waters. On account of the quality of leachate waters in submontane and montane areas, it is recommended to reduce plow tillage in these areas. It is also recommended to use these areas as meadows and pastures, with moderate fertilization and rational use, i.e., two mowings or three grazings during the growing season. The study emphasizes how important the management of the use of submontane and montane areas is for the quality and quantity of leachate waters.