Factors Associated With the Accuracy of Depth Gauge Measurements

Background: It is important to select appropriate screws in orthopedic surgeries, as excessively long or too short a screw may results failure of the surgeries. This study explored factors that affect the accuracy of measurements in terms of the experience of the surgeons, passage of drilled holes and different depth gauges.Methods: Holes were drilled into fresh porcine femurs with skin in three passages, straight drilling through the metaphysis, straight drilling through the diaphysis, and angled drilling through the diaphysis. Surgeons with different surgical experiences measured the holes with the same depth gauge and using a vernier caliper as gold standard. The length of selected screws, and the time each surgeon spent were recorded. The measurement accuracy was compared based on the experiences of the surgeons and the passage of drilled holes. Further, parameters of depth gauges and 12-mm cortical bone screws from five different manufacturers were measured.Results: A total of 13 surgeons participated in 585 measurements in this study, and each surgeon completed 45 measurements. For the surgeons in the senior, intermediate, and junior groups, the average time spent in measurements was 689, 833, and 785 s with an accuracy of 57.0, 42.2, and 31.5%, respectively. The accuracy and measurement efficiency were significantly different among the groups of surgeons (P < 0.001). The accuracy of measurements was 45.1% for straight metaphyseal drilling, 43.6% for straight diaphyseal drilling, and 33.3% for angled diaphyseal drilling (P = 0.036). Parameters of depth gauges and screws varied among different manufacturers.Conclusion: Both observer factor and objective factors could affect the accuracy of depth gauge measurement. Increased surgeon's experience was associated with improvements in the accuracy rate and measurement efficiency of drilled holes based on the depth gauge. The accuracy rate varied with hole passages, being the lowest for angled drilled holes.

The Development of an Intelligent Zinc Oxide Lighting Arrester Tester

Zinc oxide arrester is often used as lightning protection device in 10KV distribution network. In order to check the reliable operation of the zinc oxide arrester, preventive tests are often carried out. In this project, the intelligent tester adopts high-precision clamp current mutual inductance technology as the front-end acquisition mode of current signals; Magnetic isolation technology is used to ensure the accuracy of current and voltage sampling and the anti-interference ability and testing accuracy of the instrument are improved by using fast Fourier transform for data processing. The integrated application of several technologies provides a basis for judging the operating state of the 10kV zinc oxide arrester. The charged measurement of operating parameters of 10kV zinc oxide arrester is realized and the measurement efficiency is improved.

On-line Measurement Method and Technical Scheme of Transmission Line Crossing Point Based on Machine Vision

With the increasing demand for high voltage and UHV transmission, higher and higher requirements are put forward for transmission line monitoring and fault diagnosis. The traditional line measurement method has many shortcomings, which cannot ensure the measurement accuracy, measurement efficiency and high cost. Based on this, this paper first studies the principle of machine vision on-line measurement, then analyses the on-line measurement process of transmission line crossing point based on machine vision, and finally gives the error source and amelioration measures of transmission line crossing point on-line measurement.

Research on the Principle and Cooperative Processing Method of MRS Multisystem Joint Detection

Magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) technology is the only geophysical means to directly and quantitatively detect groundwater and has achieved good results in hydrogeological prospecting applications. In recent years, researchers have conducted considerable research on the efficiency of a single instrument, yielding certain results. However, the overall work efficiency of this method has not been effectively determined in its application to a large-scale survey. Hence, we propose both a joint detection method for MRS that determines the minimum working distance when multiple systems operate simultaneously and a collaborative measurement method of dual systems operating simultaneously in a fixed range of work areas. The cooperative working mode of the instruments is tested in the detection area, and the working mode proposed in this paper is shown to effectively avoid measurement interference between systems. Compared with the working mode of a single set of instruments, the measurement efficiency is more than doubled. Through this research, the feasibility of multiple MRS instruments working together in the same work area is verified, which provides effective technical support for the rapid and high-efficiency utilization of MRS over a wide range of measurement areas.

Cereal Grain 3D Point Cloud Analysis Method For Shape Extraction And Filled/Unfilled Grain Identification Based On Structured Light Imaging

Cereals are the main food for mankind. The grain shape extraction and filled/unfilled grain recognition are meaningful for crop breeding and genetic analysis. The conventional measuring method is mainly manual, which is inefficient, labor-intensive and subjective. Therefore, a novel method was proposed to extract the phenotypic traits of cereal grains based on point clouds. First, a structured light scanner was used to obtain the grains point cloud data. Then, the single grain segmentation was accomplished by image preprocessing, plane fitting, region growth clustering. The length, width, thickness, surface area and volume was calculated by the specified analysis algorithms for grain point cloud. To demonstrate this method, experimental materials included rice, wheat and corn were tested. Compared with manual measurement results, the average measurement error of grain length, width and thickness was 2.07%, 0.97%, 1.13%, and the average measurement efficiency was about 9.6 seconds per grain. In addition, the grain identification model was conducted with 25 grain phenotypic traits, using 6 machine learning methods. The results showed that the best accuracy for filled/unfilled grain classification was 90.184%.The accuracy for indica and japonica identification was about 99.785%,while for different varieties identification was only 47.252%. Therefore, this method was proved to be an efficient and effective way for crop research.

Development of an automated system to measure ion channel currents using a surface-modified gold probe

Artificial lipid bilayer single-channel recording technique has been employed to determine the biophysical and pharmacological properties of various ion channels. However, its measurement efficiency is very low, as it requires two time-consuming processes: preparation of lipid bilayer membranes and incorporation of ion channels into the membranes. In order to address these problems, we previously developed a technique based on hydrophilically modified gold probes on which are immobilized ion channels that can be promptly incorporated into the bilayer membrane at the same time as the membrane is formed on the probes’ hydrophilic area. Here, we improved further this technique by optimizing the gold probe and developed an automated channel current measurement system. We found that use of probes with rounded tips enhanced the efficiency of channel current measurements, and introducing a hydrophobic area on the probe surface, beside the hydrophilic one, further increased measurement efficiency by boosting membrane stability. Moreover, we developed an automated measurement system using the optimized probes; it enabled us to automatically measure channel currents and analyze the effects of a blocker on channel activity. Our study will contribute to the development of high-throughput devices to identify drug candidates affecting ion channel activity.

Radium interference during radon measurements in water: comparison of one- and two-phase liquid scintillation counting

Assessment of radiation exposure to drinking, surface, and groundwater and of the associated health risks calls for accurate and precise 226Ra and 222Rn measurements. One method that fits the bill is liquid scintillation counting (LSC), which allows measurements in one-phase (homogenous) or two-phase samples. The aim of our study was to compare the measurement efficiency with both variations in Niška Banja spa water, known for its elevated 222Rn content to get a better insight into the stability and behaviour of the samples and 226Ra interference in samples spiked with 226Ra with 222Rn measurement. 226Ra interference was more evident in homogenous, one-phase and much lower in two-phase samples. However, one-phase samples offer more accurate indirect 226Ra measurements. Water-immiscible cocktails (in two-phase samples) have shown a limited capacity for receiving 222Rn generated by Ra decay from the aqueous to organic phase when 222Rn/226Ra equilibrium is reached. We have also learned that samples with naturally high 222Rn content should not be spiked with 226Ra activities higher than the ones found in native samples and that calibration of two-phase samples can be rather challenging if measurements span over longer time. Further research would require much lower 226Ra activities for spiking to provide more practical answers to questions arising from the demonstrated phenomena.

Measurement method for incisions ablated by femtosecond laser in biological soft tissues

BackgroundHematoxylin and Eosin staining in paraffin embedded tissue (H&E staining in paraffin embedded tissue) is a widely used method in the incision dimensions measurement. Since H&E staining in paraffin embedded tissue requires complicated process and spends a lot of time, a direct measurement method based on a microscope is proposed to measure the incision dimensions, which greatly improves the efficiency.AimIn this paper, a direct measurement method using optical microscope and an indirect measurement method based on H&E staining in paraffin embedded tissue are presented and compared, so as to obtain a better method of measurement efficiency and accuracy.ApproachThe femtosecond laser is used to process chicken breast tissue, the directly measurement method based on a microscope and indirectly measurement method based on H&E staining are used to measure dimensions. Moreover, the laser confocal microscopy measurement (LCM) is also used to measure the incision depth.ResultsIt was found that the direct measurement method has high measurement efficiency and accuracy for incision dimensions measurement.ConclusionsOverall, the incision dimensions obtained by femtosecond laser processing can be measured through the direct measurement method instead of H&E staining in paraffin embedded tissue.

Resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy from broadband stochastic pulses at an X-ray free electron laser

Hard X-ray spectroscopy is an element specific probe of electronic state, but signals are weak and require intense light to study low concentration samples. Free electron laser facilities offer the highest intensity X-rays of any available light source. The light produced at such facilities is stochastic, with spikey, broadband spectra that change drastically from shot to shot. Here, using aqueous ferrocyanide, we show that the resonant X-ray emission (RXES) spectrum can be inferred by correlating for each shot the fluorescence intensity from the sample with spectra of the fluctuating, self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) source. We obtain resolved narrow and chemically rich information in core-to-valence transitions of the pre-edge region at the Fe K-edge. Our approach avoids monochromatization, provides higher photon flux to the sample, and allows non-resonant signals like elastic scattering to be simultaneously recorded. The spectra obtained match well with spectra measured using a monochromator. We also show that inaccurate measurements of the stochastic light spectra reduce the measurement efficiency of our approach.

AB0874-HPR TELEMEDICINE CONSULTING IN RHEUMATOLOGY: IDENTIFIED PROBLEMS OF NEW TECHNOLOGY

Background:A feature of healthcare in 2020 was the work in conditions of massive incidence of COVID-19, limited and redistribution of human resources. One of the right decisions in these conditions is to organize schools for patients, which allow simultaneous education and convey the necessary information to a large number of people. The key aspects of the organization of telemedicine schools for patients are presented.Objectives:To assess the feasibility of telemedicine schools for patients as a technology of modern health care in rheumatology.Methods:The work was carried out by the method of a one-stage cross-sectional study of the questionnaire survey of participants of education in rheumatology, conducted in an on-line mode. The number of participants in rheumatology schools was 197 people, the results of the questionnaire were received from 36 respondents. The questionnaire based on the Google platform.Results:10 key principles of organizing online patient education at the present stage were identified: the use of distance technologies, the interest of a medical institution administration, the team approach, the technical possibilities of implementing schools, adaptation of lecture material for patients, the role of a specialized specialist in the educational process, patient participation, measurement efficiency and timely correction, development and improvement of educational technology for patients, desire for cooperation and exchange of experience.Conclusion:The emergence of new opportunities related to online health education of the population, including educational activities for patients, opens up new prospects for improving clinical care aimed at promoting health and preventing disease.Disclosure of Interests:None declared