Kajian Kadar Akrilamida dalam Kopi Arabika dengan Variasi Suhu Penyangraian

Acrylamide levels in Arabica coffee at various roasting temperatures have been determined. Coffee beans are roasted at 160°C, 180°C, and 210°C for 8 minutes. Analysis was carried out using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with C-18 reversed-phase, mobile phase using methanol and 0.1% phosphoric acid solution (5:95), flow rate 1 mL/min, UV-Vis detector 198 nm wavelength. Acrylamide levels in Arabica coffee are 160°C of 14.665 ppm, 180°C of 15.973 ppm, and 210°C of 18.501 ppm. Based on the results of the acrylamide content in Arabica coffee, the higher the roasting temperature, the greater the acrylamide content. ANOVA test regarding the normality test sig value of 0.637, 0.463, and 0.637 normally distributed. Based on the homogeneity test, it was found that the variation between groups was the same or homogeneous. The results of the ANOVA test stated that there were differences in the acrylamide levels of Arabica coffee in the roasting temperature difference group and the results of the post hoc Bonferroni test found that the average differences in the roasting temperature of Arabica coffee were significantly different 160°C-180°C and 160°C-210°C.

The Importance of Physical Exercise in Cardiovascular Fitness in Breast Cancer Survivors. A Cross-sectional Study: Women in Motion 2.0.”

PurposeTo compare the cardiovascular fitness of breast cancer (BC) survivors with an active lifestyle to those with a sedentary lifestyle. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted. Participants were classified into four different groups: sedentary with BC (Sed-BCW), active with BC (Act-BCW), sedentary without BC (Sed-HW) and active without BC (Act-HW). VO2max was estimated by the 6-minute walking test (6MWT); speed was measured by the 35-meter test; isometric strength was measured by dynamometry tests; lower body maximum strength was measured by the squat test; explosive strength was measured by the Sargent Jump Test; balance was measured by the 30-second balance test; and body composition was measured by bioimpedance. ANOVA was used to analyze group differences and post hoc comparisons were developed with the Bonferroni test. ResultsA total of 92 women were recruited. Significant differences were found in VO2max between the Act-BCW and Sed-BCW groups (MeanDif=5.86, p<0.001). No differences in VO2max were observed between the active groups (MeanDif= 0.42, p= 0.753). Related body composition and fat mass levels were significantly lower in the Act-BCW group than in the sedentary groups (Sed-BCW MeanDif= -6.78; p= 0.012 and Sed-HW MeanDif= -12.07; p<0.001) ConclusionsWomen who are Act-BCW can achieve similar values in physical condition as women who are Act-HW and have better values than women in who are sedentary. Moreover, physical exercise might be a stronger determinant of body composition than a previous history of BC.

Investigation of Social Appearance Anxiety Levels of Physical Education and Teaching, Coaching Education and Sports Management Department Students in Terms of Different Variables

This research was carried out in order to determine the anxiety levels of the students of the Faculty of Sport Sciences, who are studying at Mehmet Akif Ersoy University in the province of Burdur, in the Republic of Turkey, according to their departments, due to their social appearance.The population of the research is Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, a higher education institution in Burdur, and the sample is a total of 201 university students, 57 female and 144 male, studying in the “Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Sports Management and Coaching Education” departments of the sports sciences faculty of this university has created. The “Social Physics Anxiety Inventory” scale, which was developed by Hart et al. (1989) and was adapted to Turkey by Mülazımoğlu, Ballı, and Aşçı (2006), consisting of 12 items and two sub-scales, was developed by Hart et al. (1989) in order to measure students’ anxiety levels towards their social appearance (Doğan, 2010; Mülazımoğlu-Ballı & Aşçı, 2004). Only the 7-item part, which is suitable for the characteristics of the Turkish people, was used. Appropriate SPSS program was used for the analysis of the data obtained in the research. In addition, before starting the research, the students filled out a “Voluntary Consent Form” to declare that they participated in the research voluntarily. “Pearson Correlation” test to examine the relationship between variables, the “Independent Samples” test to detect the effects of variables on each other, and the one-way analysis of variance test (One-Way ANOVA) to detect the difference between groups, and multiplexes to find between which groups this difference is “Bonferroni” test which is one of the comparison tests (Post Hoc) was applied. Significant differences were taken as p < 0.01 and p < 0.05.As a result of the research, it has been determined that there are positive and negative significant differences in the anxiety levels of 51 female and 144 male students studying at Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Sports Management and Coaching Education departments. Regarding the evaluation of these determinations, it can be said that female students are more sensitive than male students in terms of social appearance.

Gait Improvement in Chronic Stroke Survivors by Using an Innovative Gait Training Machine: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Chronic stroke leads to the impairment of lower limb function and gait performance. After in-hospital rehabilitation, most individuals lack continuous gait training because of the limited number of physical therapists. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a newly invented gait training machine (I-Walk) on lower limb function and gait performance in chronic stroke individuals. Thirty community-dwelling chronic stroke individuals were allocated to the I-Walk machine group (n = 15) or the overground gait training (control) group (n = 15). Both groups received 30 min of upper limb and hand movement and sit-to-stand training. After that, the I-Walk group received 30 min of I-Walk training, while the control followed a 30-minute overground training program. All the individuals were trained 3 days/week for 8 weeks. The primary outcome of the motor recovery of lower limb impairment was measured using the Fugl–Meyer Assessment (FMA). The secondary outcomes for gait performance were the 6-minute walk test (6 MWT), the 10-meter walk test (10 MWT), and the Timed Up and Go (TUG). The two-way mixed-model ANOVA with the Bonferroni test was used to compare means within and between groups. The post-intervention motor and sensory subscales of the FMA significantly increased compared to the baseline in both groups. Moreover, the 6 MWT and 10 MWT values also improved in both groups. In addition, the mean difference of TUG in the I-Walk was higher than the control. The efficiency of I-Walk training was comparable to overground training and might be applied for chronic stroke gait training in the community.

Anti-Staphylococcus aureus Methicillin-Resistant (MRSA) Activity of a Novel 3-Chalcogenyl Indole

Objective: the development of new drugs against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a priority to the World Health Organization. So, the objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity and toxicity of 5-bromo-3-((4-methoxyphenyl) sulfenyl)-1H-indole (3b) against MRSA.Methods: minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3b was determined against S. aureus ATCC 29213 and 43 clinical isolates. The time-kill assay was performed for 9 isolates. Analysis of variance followed by the post hoc Bonferroni test was used for the statistical tests.Results and conclusions: the MIC50 and MIC90 of 3b were 4 μg.mL-1 and 16 μg.mL-1 respectively. In time-kill assay, the 3b showed bactericidal activity to all evaluated isolates at concentrations of 1xMIC and 2xMIC and the re-growth effect was not observed. About the toxicity tests, 3b has not presented cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, or allergenicity. 3b had particularly good activity against MRSA demonstrating high potential for the development of new antimicrobials products.

Evaluation of tongue posture & dimensions in relation to skeletal Class I and Class II patterns- A cephalometric study

Association of tongue posture with dental and facial skeletal pattern have been suggested in past. This study was undertaken to assess tongue posture and dimensions in Class I and Class II Dentoskeletal patterns to determine whether any correlation exists between tongue posture and skeletal pattern of an individual. Cephalograms of 150 individuals (aged 18-23 years), taken in Natural Head Position (NHP) and tongue at rest were divided into three groups i.e. Group 1 – Class I Normal occlusion, Group 2 – Class II Division 1 Normodivergent and Group 3 – Class II Division 1 Hypodivergent, consisting of 50 samples each. To ensure the rest position of tongue, patient was asked to relax for 30 seconds after coating the tongue with barium sulphate in midline and then to swallow, and the X-ray was taken at the end of swallowing. Each group was divided into two subgroups according to sex. Groups were constituted according to the Frankfort mandibular plane angle (FMA) angle. The subjects who had skeletal Class II pattern due to mandibular retrusion and not due to maxillary prognathism were only included in the study group. Statistical analysis was done using the software SPSS version 21.0. The statistical tests used were unpaired t-test and One-way ANOVA test with post-hoc bonferroni test. The p-value was considered significant if less than 0.05.The dorsum of the tongue was higher at back and lower in front in Class II Division 1 Hypodivergent group as compared to Class I Normal occlusion group (P&#60;.05). Tongue height and tongue length were significantly reduced in Class II Division 1 Normodivergent and Class II Division 1 Hypodivergent malocclusion groups when compared to Class I control group (P&#60;.05).The study supports the existence of a relationship between posture & dimensions of the tongue with Class I and Class II skeletal patterns.

Surface Roughness and Translucency of Various Translucent Zirconia Ceramics after Hydrothermal Aging

Objective This study investigated the effect of hydrothermal aging on surface roughness and translucency of various translucent zirconia materials. Materials and Methods Four types of zirconia were tested. Group 1 was translucent zirconia with no cubic structure. Group 2, 3, and 4 included cubic-containing zirconia with different amounts of cubic structures (less than 30%, 30–50%, and more than 50%, respectively). Each group contained 15 disk-shape specimens with dimensions of 15 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness. As-sintered surface roughness, translucency parameter, and contrast ratio were evaluated in the two different sessions, before and after aging. Statistical Analysis Two-way repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni test was used to analyze statistically significant difference in those tested parameters. Phase structure before and after aging was analyzed by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Results Groups 1 and 2 showed significant increased surface roughness after aging while groups 3 and 4 showed no alteration of surface. There was no effect of aging on translucency in all groups. After aging, group 1 and 2 presented monoclinic structure (16.63 and 5.01%, respectively). Conclusion Hydrothermal aging caused phase transformation and increasing surface roughness in group 1 and 2 but did not affect translucency in all groups.

Association between stress and eating behaviour among nurses in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

Introduction: Stress is a factor that may affect dietary behaviour among nurses, which can contribute to a risk of overweight or obesity in the future. The aim of this study was to determine the association between stress and eating behaviour among nurses at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed among 105 nurses (30-50 years of age; 84.8% females and 15.2% males) and participants were assessed using a selfadministered questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic data, body mass index (BMI), Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), and the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and the associations were determined by Kruskal-Wallis Test. Results: Based on descriptive data, 73.3% of nurses (n=77) were moderately stressed and 49.5% had normal BMI (n=52). Furthermore, according to three eating domains, the emotional eating score was the highest (30.0±16.0). An association was found between emotional eating [χ2(2)=10.305, p=0.006], while external eating [χ2(2)=5.103, p=0.078], and restrained eating [χ2(2)=2.335, p=0.311] did not display a significant difference. The Bonferroni test was further used and there was a significant difference between low and moderate stress levels only (p<0.01), while others were not significantly different (low-high and moderate-high) (p>0.05). The results showed that nurses in the low stress group had lower scores of emotional eating behaviour than nurses with moderate stress levels. Conclusion: Stress has an impact on emotional eating behaviour and more research is needed to fully understand this link.

Follicular development, morphological integrity, and oxidative stress in bovine preantral follicles cultured in vitro with ascorbic acid

Summary The aim of this study was to evaluate the follicular development, morphological integrity, and oxidative stress of preantral ovarian follicles from Bos taurus indicus females grown in vitro with ascorbic acid. Ovaries (n = 20) from Bos taurus indicus females were collected, fragmented, and were cultured in vitro for 6 or 12 days in minimum essential medium (MEM), or MEM supplemented with 50 or 100 ng/ml ascorbic acid, with an extracellular matrix of agarose gel, in an incubator at 38.5°C; every 2 days, 100% of the culture medium was replaced. The data were analyzed using the chi-squared test and/or Fisher’s exact test. In the event of a significant effect, the proportions were compared using a 2 × 2 proportion test. The oxidative stress analysis data were submitted to analysis of variance followed by the Bonferroni test. Values were considered significant when P ≤ 0.05. The addition of 100 ng/ml of ascorbic acid to the in vitro culture medium of preantral ovarian follicles from bovine females promoted follicular development, was efficient in maintaining morphological integrity, as well as the stability of reactive oxygen species, after 6 days of in vitro culture.

Fracture Strength of Monolithic Zirconia Crowns with Modified Vertical Preparation: A Comparative In Vitro Study

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different marginal designs (deep chamfer, vertical, and modified vertical with reverse shoulder) on the fracture strength and failure modes of monolithic zirconia crowns. Materials and Methods Thirty sound human maxillary first premolar teeth with comparable size were used in this study. The teeth were divided randomly into three groups according to the preparation design (n = 10): (1) group A: teeth prepared with a deep chamfer finish line; (2) group B: teeth prepared with vertical preparation; and (3) group C: teeth prepared with modified vertical preparation, where a reverse shoulder of 1 mm was placed on the buccal surface at the junction of middle and occlusal thirds. All samples were scanned by using an intraoral scanner (CEREC Omnicam, Sirona, Germany), and then the crowns were designed by using Sirona InLab 20.0 software and milled with a 5-axis machine. Each crown was then cemented on its respective tooth with self-adhesive resin cement by using a custom-made cementation device. A single load to failure test was used to assess the fracture load of each crown by using a computerized universal testing machine that automatically recorded the fracture load of each sample in Newton (N). Statistical Analysis The data were analyzed statistically by using one-way analysis of variance test and Bonferroni test at a level of significance of 0.05. Results The highest mean of fracture load was recorded by chamfer (2,969.8 N), which followed by modified vertical (2,899.3 N) and the lowest mean of fracture load was recorded by vertical (2,717.9 N). One-way ANOVA test revealed a significant difference among the three groups. Bonferroni test showed a significant difference between group A and group B, while a nonsignificant difference was revealed between group C with group A and group B. Conclusion Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the mean values of fracture strength of monolithic zirconia crowns of all groups were higher than the maximum occlusal forces in the premolar region. The modification of the vertical preparation with a reverse shoulder placed at the buccal surface improved the fracture strength up to the point that it was statistically nonsignificant with the chamfer group.