CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF CULTURAL BACKGROUND IN THE LIT ENVIRONMENT

In environmental terms, culture represents the climatic and indoor conditions people have experienced during a significant part of their life. Consequently, people exposed to different cultures might have different expectations of the lighting environment. Knowing the lighting expectations due to cultural experiences have numerous advantages; it could help meet the occupants’ needs and preferences and provide occupant satisfaction, reducing unnecessary energy consumption in the built environment. This paper aims to summarise a systematic review to create a conceptual framework of cultural background in the lit environment, which could help understand the impact of cultural background on daylight perception and expectation. This review highlighted that cultural background in lighting environment should be evaluated considering (1) the ethnicity and/or physiological characteristics of the individual eyes, (2) the area (luminance environment) where people used to live (3) the luminance environment they were recently exposed to and (4) the socio-cultural background of individuals. Future research should further test these components together and separately to investigate which component or combination is more influential on daylight perception.

ISSUES AND COUNTERPLAN OF EVACATION CENTER AT NIGHT - CASE STUDY OF NORTHEN GYMNASIUM IN SUZAKA CITY AFFECTED BY TYPHOON HAGIBIS IN 2019 -

The living environment at the evacuation center is very important for ensuring the health, safety and security of the evacuees, but at present, preparations for providing a satisfactory living environment are not enough. In order to improve that, we have to consider various conditions, such as "ensure the lighting environment for the safe and secure and sleep," "toilet ensure," "ensure the thermal environment". In this study, we investigated the actual condition of glare in the nighttime lighting environment of evacuation center and examined the improvement method. Regarding the glare improvement method, the effectiveness of indirect lighting was shown based on the results of brightness distribution simulation with Radiance.

DESIGN FRAMEWORK FOR LIGHTING AND OCCUPATIONAL WELL-BEING IN UNDERGROUND SPACES: CASE STUDY IN PYHÄSALMI MINE

In underground spaces, lack of daylight may produce disorders in the biological clock of workers and have many negative physiological and psychological effects. Besides the traditional means of illumination, new LED lighting technologies, which allow the dynamic changes of the lighting intensity and spectral composition of white light, provide means to support workers’ daily rhythm with circadian lighting. The effects of lighting, however, are not only physiological, and there are several other factors related to lighting as a design task while the human experience of light is multifaceted. This paper illustrates the design problematics of lighting environment of underground workspaces through a case study project in Pyhäsalmi mine, Finland. The paper proposes a holistic design framework for lighting, which supports occupational well-being in underground spaces, based on the results from the case study with realized intelligent lighting pilot environment where user experiences were evaluated with semi-structural interviews.

A NEUROPHYSIOLOGY-BASED MODEL TO ESTIMATE VISIBILITY IN ACTUAL LIGHTING ENVIRONMENT

Visibility is one of the fundamental factors for explaining the lighting environment, and various quantitative indexes for these have been made in such a manner that directly finds the formulae that best match the numerous subjective evaluations. Recently neurophysiology-based models have been paid attention as the complementary or alternative methods to these conventional indexes. In this paper we will introduce the normalization and gain control models, which are generally accepted theories in the visual information processing, to estimate the visibility, and verify the validity of this algorithm by comparing with the subjective evaluation in the experimental room. The result showed that the algorithm in this research could estimate the visibility of the simple objects in the experimental space with a pseudo window with great accuracy, however, it is desirable and necessary to publicly discuss various algorithms and clarify their reliability based on the verification results under various situations.

THE EFFECT OF LIGHTING ENVIRONMENT ON FACIAL EXPRESSION PERCEPTION IN VIDEO TELECONFERENCING

In this study, we investigated whether manipulating the lighting environment in videoconferencing changes the readability of facial expressions. In the experiment, the participants were asked to evaluate their impressions of a video that simulated the situation in a videoconference. A total of 12 lighting conditions were used, including three colour temperature conditions and four lighting directions conditions. As a result of the factor analysis, four factors were identified: "Clarity," "Dynamism," "Naturalness," and "Healthiness." The results of ANOVA showed that placing the lighting in front was effective for all factors. And in all of the factors, it showed that lighting from the front was effective for the participants. In addition, while lower colour temperature decreased clarity, it improved naturalness and healthiness and was particularly effective when the lighting was placed in front of the subject.

EVALUATION STRUCTURE ON PREFERENCE OF PAINTING’S APPEARANCE WITH LOW REFLECTANCE IN THE MUSEUM LIGHTING ENVIRONMENT

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the evaluation structure of the preference for the visibility of paintings, taking into account the characteristics of paintings with low reflectance. Although illuminance is used in the standards for museum lighting (CIE 157:2004), it is desirable to design lighting that also considers luminance from the viewpoint of perceived brightness. Therefore, we conducted the subjective experiment of oil paintings in which luminance ratio was set as an experimental variable and examined the evaluation structure of paintings with low reflectance. As a result, it was found that the evaluation of black details affects the preference for the visibility of paintings with low reflectance. However, the path diagram of the evaluation structure applied to each painting was different, indicating that it is difficult to represent the characteristics of a painting only by the mean reflectance.

FIELD SURVEY ON LIGHTING ENVIRONMENT FOR WORK FROM HOME IN JAPAN

The working situation has been dramatically changed in 2020 due to COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to identify the lighting environment which can be adapted to various styles of work from home. In this study, questionnaire survey and field measurement were conducted to identify the actual working situation and the lighting environment of the working location at home. This paper reports the results of questionnaire survey and the measurement data comparing the working location in office and at home.

QUANTIFICATION OF THE EFFECT OF LIGHTING ENVIRONMENT ON SPACIOUSNESS OF INTERIOR SPACE

Spaciousness is an important quality of space which is affected by both the volume of space and the lighting environment. This study’s aim is to create the calculation model to quantify the effect of lighting environment on spaciousness. 3D luminance mapping, which is the combined data of luminance of surface and its distance to the observer, is used for the analysis of lighting environment, because we hypothesized that the three-dimensional localization of light affects the spaciousness. From the result of a subjective experiment to evaluate spaciousness with different lighting environment, it is revealed that spaciousness can be quantified from average luminance and “Dark-part-reduced visible volume” which is the reduced visible volume according to the distribution of dark pixels in the 3D luminance mapping. We also compared average illuminance of whole image and of ceiling, walls, floor, and concluded that the whole average illuminance best describes the effect.