Effects of different doses of complete Freund’s adjuvant on nociceptive behaviour and inflammatory parameters in polyarthritic rat model mimicking rheumatoid arthritis

Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) has been used to develop the arthritic or inflammatory condition in the animal, but there is a lack of information concerning high CFA doses on nociceptive behaviour and inflammatory parameters. This study aimed to compare the effects of different high doses of CFA in rat to closely mimic nociceptive and inflammatory parameters of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in humans. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6): Control (C), CFA-induced polyarthritic groups at 5.0 mg/mL (CFA 5.0), 7.5 mg/mL (CFA 7.5) and 10.0mg/mL (CFA 10.0). The rats’ right hindpaw was inoculated with CFA intradermally and developed into a polyarthritic state within 20 days. Nociceptive behavioural assessments, including von Frey and hot plate tests and spontaneous activities, were conducted on day 0, 7, 15 and 20. Bilateral ankle joints diameter and circumference, full blood count, joints and paw histological examinations were also conducted throughout the study period. Based on the results, CFA 5.0 and CFA 7.5 groups showed a significant increase in spontaneous activities and development of thermal hyperalgesia but no change in body weight and food intake, no development of tactile allodynia and haematological indices, and no significant morphological changes of joints histology. Meanwhile, CFA 10.0 group demonstrated significant and constant changes in all nociceptive and inflammatory parameters investigated. In conclusion, CFA at the dose of 10mg/mL has the most potential and reliable dosage to develop polyarthritis in a rat model to mimic RA condition in humans.

Managing information, interaction and team building in nurse shift-change handovers

Whilst there is a wealth of literature on medical handovers, discourse analytic work based on recorded interactional data on these pivotal speech events in health care is less prevalent. This case study of a shift-change nursing handover at a UK hospital Medical Assessment Unit (MAU) takes a microanalytical perspective on nurses’ talk and interaction, which enables us to examine its structural and functional complexity at utterance level. Our methodological approach comprises observations, one semi-structured interview with senior nursing staff (and many informal conversations with various staff), and in total twelve audio-recordings of interactions during, and around, the twice-daily shift-change handovers. By adopting ‘a multiple goals in discourse’ perspective and the framework of activity analysis, we demonstrate the nurses’ interactional management of multiple discourse and activity roles and pursuance of goals that transcend the medically and institutionally crucial transmission of information. This shows the nurses’ orientation to the handover task as not only a structured institutionally regulated event, but also one that tolerates more spontaneous activities that can potentially contribute to team cohesion and staff well-being.

MENANAMKAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER MELALUI KEGIATAN PEMBIASAAN DI SD NEGERI 2 TAMBAKAN KECAMATAN GUBUG KABUPATEN GROBOGAN

Habituation activities are a process of forming attitudes and behaviors that are relatively permanent and automatically through a learning process that is repeated and carried out outside of class hours. Habituation is part of character education from character education which is carried out repeatedly in response to the same stimulus. The purpose of writing the article is to describe the habituation program carried out at SD Negeri 2 Tambakan, Gubug District, Grobogan Regency by guiding to shape the character of students. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research method, so the results of this study are: 1) The habituation program of SD Negeri 2 Tambakan, Gubug District, Grobogan Regency consists of 4 activities, namely routine activities, spontaneous activities, programmed activities and exemplary activities. 2) Character values ??that are applied and shown are religious, care for the environment, responsibility, honesty, and tolerance. 3). The obstacles in implementing character education in SD Negeri 2 Tambakan, Gubug District, Grobogan Regency are environmental factors, student factors, family factors and teacher factors. ABSTRAKKegiatan pembiasaan merupakan proses pembentukan sikap dan perilaku yang relatif menetap dan secara otomatis melalui proses pembelajaran yang berulang-ulang dan dilaksanakan di luar jam pelajaran. Pembiasaan merupakan bagian pendidikan budi pekerti dari pendidikan berkarakter yang dilaksanakan secara berulang sebagai respon terhadap stimulus yang sama. Tujuan penulisan artikel adalah untuk mendeskripsikan program pembiasaan yang dilakukan di SD Negeri 2 Tambakan Kecamatan Gubug Kabupaten Grobogan dengan cara membimbing untuk membentuk karakter siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, sehingga hasil penelitian ini adalah: 1) Program pembiasaan SD Negeri 2 Tambakan Kecamatan Gubug Kabupaten Grobogan terdiri atas 4 kegiatan yaitu kegiatan rutin, kegiatan spontan, kegiatan terprogram dan kegiatan keteladanan. 2) Nilai karakter yang diterapkan dan ditunjukan yaitu religius, peduli lingkungan, tanggung jawab, jujur, dan toleransi. 3). Hambatan dalam penerpan pendidikan karakter di SD Negeri 2 Tambakan Kecamatan Gubug Kabupaten Grobogan adalah faktor lingkungan, faktor peserta didik, faktor keluarga dan faktor guru.

論莊子「即內聖即外王」的實踐型態

<p>歷來的莊子研究，往往著重於「生命哲學」主觀面向，而未意識到其「外王」面的作用。這不但窄化了莊學理論的豐富性，同時也削損其回應時代變化的可能。本文目的，即在發掘莊子外王思想的線索，並探討其作用於人間世的方式。</p> <p> 以《莊》書對「有為之治」的批判觀之，莊子將一切存有問題歸因於「心知」之造作，書中所有工夫論述皆是對此而發。由於心知造作遮蔽德性，阻礙生命與外物的自然互動，而牽引外物脫軌亂序。因此問題之解答，即在解消心知造作以恢復德性作用。個體透過「德」的活動而與造化萬物的「道」相接，終而能與存在界達成本然的契合。故莊子的外王，只須無為修養，而不勞典制建構；「即內聖而即外王」一語，就此義可為莊子外王實踐的恰當表述。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>In the past, the understanding of Zhuangzi&rsquo;s thoughts often focused on the subjective aspects of the &quot;&quot;Life Philosophy &quot;&quot; without realizing its objective impact on society. This not only limited the richness of his thoughts, but also underestimated its ability to cope with the changes of the times. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to find clues about the &ldquo;Outward Governance&rdquo;（外王） in Zhuangzi’s thought, and to explore the ways in which it affects society.</p> <p> The exploration starts from the &ldquo;Root Problem&rdquo;（「基源問題」） of Zhuangzi. It could be inferred from the acute criticism in the texts against &ldquo;the interventionist governance&rdquo;（有為之治） that Zhuangzi obviously blamed every existing problem on &ldquo;Mind&rdquo;（心知）, and any practice is developed for this. Because the paranoid structure of the Mind suppresses human nature（德）and hinders the natural interaction between life and external things, it causes the whole world to derail and disorder. The answer to this question is to untie the paranoid structure of the mind to restore the role of human nature. Through the spontaneous activities of human nature, the individual is connected with the &quot;&quot;Tao&quot;&quot;（道）that creates all things, and finally the original fit between the individual and all beings can be realized. Therefore, Zhuangzi’s political practice only requires the cultivation of a &quot;&quot;Non-Interference&quot;&quot; attitude, not the construction of a specific system. In this sense, the best description of Zhuangzi’s political practice is the phrase &quot;&quot;Cultivation itself is politics&quot;&quot;.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

STRUCTURAL FLEXIBILITY AND CORPORATE RESPONSIVENESS IN THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT: A THEORETICAL REVIEW

The diverse nature of modern business operations and environment has made it a strategic necessity for organization to have a proper understanding of the spontaneous activities in their business environment. It was based on this notion that this study theoretically reviewed literature on the role of structural flexibility on corporate responsiveness to business environment, x-rayed the three basic measures of corporate responsiveness. Consequently, the study found that structural flexibility plays inestimable role in the facilitating of corporate responsiveness in reacting to changes in business environment. Given these findings, we conclude that in the organization, structural flexibility predicts corporate responsiveness. Finally, the study recommended thus: that management of organization should emphasize the need for the effective reconfiguration of its system to ensure the development of capabilities that fosters flexibility and seamless operations and that organizations should provide the necessary leadership that will motivate employees to develop and sustain skills that facilitates responsive actions. JEL: D01; D20; D23 <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0798/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Research on the Urban Edge Space Form of Tanhualin Historical Living Block in Wuhan

Edge space is not only the main place for residents’ public activities, but also the key component of urban public space. It promotes people’s spontaneous activities and social activities. Reasonable urban fringe space design can create the possibility for people to transform the city from bottom to top. While preserving the cultural background, Tanhualin historical life block has formed a rich and varied space form. This paper analyses the composition of its marginal space to explore the importance of edge space to urban public activities.

Pomoc i współpraca w czasie pandemii. Zarys problemu

Help and Cooperation during a Pandemic Time. Outline of the Problem The article presents the results of research, the axis of which were help initiatives taken during the COVID-19 pandemic. A characteristic feature, and previously unheard of on such a scale, is the initiation, and often full implementation of these activities in the virtual world. The time of the pandemic has blurred the clarity of the categories of those most affected or most in need of help in the events that took place. Another feature of the observed events is their phased. Its elements are spontaneously emerging groups that undertake aid actions. Restoring the “state of normality” and taking over the aid activities by institutions established for this slowed down and weakened the participation of ordinary people in organizing spontaneous activities. The time lived has the features of Turner’s liminality, and assistance groups can be described by the term Communitas.

INTERNALISASI NILAI-NILAI KARAKTER RELIGIUS SISWA DI MADRASAH IBTIDAIYYAH NURUSSALAM MANTINGAN

This study aims to determine the madrasah strategy in internalizing the values of religious character to students. The type of research the writer uses is descriptive qualitative research, with data collection techniques using in-depth interviews, documentation and participatory observation. Data analysis techniques in this study used data reduction, data presentation and data verification. The internalization stage or inculcation of religious character values for classes 1-2 MI Nurussalam is at the value transformation stage, classes 2 (process) and 3 are at the value transaction stage, while classes 4, 5 and 6 MI are at the value trans-internalization stage. MI Nurussalam's strategy in internalizing the values of religious character is divided into two fields, namely the academic and non-academic fields. The strategy in the academic field of MI Nuruusalam is to develop the Madrasah curriculum from grade 1 to grade 6 by adding special Islamic subjects and fostering a love affair with Arabic (the key to opening Islamic insights). In the non-academic field, MI Nurussalam integrates religious character values into routine activities, spontaneous activities, exemplary activities, and the Madrasah environmental conditioning system.

Analysis of Students' Environmental Care Attitudes at SDIT AL-IRSYADIYYAH

This study aims to determine how much environmental care students in elementary schools are and the researchers hope to foster a sense and love of caring for the school environment. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. This type of research uses observation, interviews and documentation. The place for the implementation of this research is SDIT Al-Irsyadiyyah, Telukjambe Timur District, Karawang Regency. The subjects of this research are the principal, teachers and students. The results of this study indicate that students of SDIT Al-irsyadiyyah, Telukjambe District show that environmental care at school is carried out through routine school activities, spontaneous activities, modeling and conditioning. Environmental care activities require that every morning and after school clean the environment at school besides that there are routine activities, namely Jumsih (clean Friday) which all involve school members including school principals, teachers and students who always play an active role in this activity. In this case there is a sanction for students and teachers who do not carry out the morning picket.

NILAI KEPEDULIAN SOSIAL SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR

Pay attention to current conditions the current value of student care shows symptoms that are increasingly declining. This descriptive qualitative study aims to determine the process of instilling the value of low class students' social care and the forms of low class student social care values in elementary schools. Data collection by observation, interview and documentation. The results showed that the process of instilling the value of social care of low grade students was carried out through: 1) Integration in the personal development program in the form of routine school activities, spontaneous activities, exemplary, and conditioning; 2) Integration in subjects by inserting social care character values into syllabus and lesson plans, including social care character values in the learning process; 3) Integration in school culture in the form of integration in the classroom, school and non-school activities. Forms of social care values of low grade students include 1) Sharing food with friends; 2) Thanking people for help; 3) Mutual lending of peer learning equipment; 4) Collecting funds and goods that are still useful for victims of natural disasters.