Sustainability Assessment for Wastewater Treatment Systems in Developing Countries

As the assessment of the economic, environmental, institutional, and social sustainability of wastewater treatment systems may have several conceivable goals and intended recipients, there are numerous different approaches. This paper surveys certain aspects of sustainability assessment that may be of interest to the planners of wastewater treatment systems. Here, the key criteria assess the system’s costs and financing, including its affordability for the users, the environmental impact, the benefits for health and hygiene, the cultural acceptance of the system and its recycled products, the technical functioning, and the administrative, political, and legal framework for its construction and operation. A multi-criteria approach may then be used to analyze possible trade-offs and identify the most suitable system for a certain location.

Comparing ultrastable lasers at 7 × 10−17 fractional frequency instability through a 2220 km optical fibre network

Ultrastable lasers are essential tools in optical frequency metrology enabling unprecedented measurement precision that impacts on fields such as atomic timekeeping, tests of fundamental physics, and geodesy. To characterise an ultrastable laser it needs to be compared with a laser of similar performance, but a suitable system may not be available locally. Here, we report a comparison of two geographically separated lasers, over the longest ever reported metrological optical fibre link network, measuring 2220 km in length, at a state-of-the-art fractional-frequency instability of 7 × 10−17 for averaging times between 30 s and 200 s. The measurements also allow the short-term instability of the complete optical fibre link network to be directly observed without using a loop-back fibre. Based on the characterisation of the noise in the lasers and optical fibre link network over different timescales, we investigate the potential for disseminating ultrastable light to improve the performance of remote optical clocks.

3Shape Digital Design Software in Splints Creation—A Pilot Study

Objectives Digital technologies have widened their horizons into the world of dental medicine and now further expanding to cover all branches. This new modern technology replaces traditional laboratory techniques allowing effective patient care. Patients who suffer from bruxism—the act of involuntary habitual grinding of teeth—have widely been benefited by splint treatments. The aim of this article is to display the variety of occlusal splints that can be created by the 3Shape Digital Design Software and their application in specific clinical situations. Materials and Methods Six variations in the splints were created digitally—three with uncombined designs and the remaining three with a combination of two of the main options available. During this study, 36 splints were made for patients aged 24 to 55 inclusively. Results The largest number of splints according to the clinical picture were made of “raise to antagonist cusp tips” (14 pieces) and the remaining were of combined type “raise to antagonist cusp tips + raise to antagonist plane” (12 pieces). There thickness was within the range of 1.5 and 5 mm. Conclusion 3Shape Digital Design Software—Splint Studio is a suitable system for designing and creating occlusal splints with respect to certain clinical situations. It is possible to combine the three main types in a separate section of the dental arch according to the case.

Implementasi OLAP pada Data Kerja Praktik dan Tugas Akhir Menggunakan Framework Modular Cube JS

The government's role in the implementation of higher education in Indonesia is to provide a university database. It is hoped that the government and the public can participate in assessing and conducting surveillance with the database. Every tertiary institution must report everything related to the implementation of education, starting from lecturer data, student data, and lecture data. In its performance, a Dikti Feeder application has been prepared that can transmit data. Each university will adjust the data entry following the Dikti standards. As one of the higher education providers, STMIK STIKOM Indonesia has been able to report data well, but specifically for final assignments and work practices, it has not been maximized due to the development of a separate system from the academic system. For this reason, a suitable system will be developed to accommodate Thesis and Internship data related to reporting on the Dikti Feeder by applying the Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) method using the Cube JS modular framework. Some of the tests carried out are schema file testing, frontend and backend testing, cube client testing, querying testing and load request testing showing the data can be displayed correctly and the process is successful.

Analysis of technical solutions of stacks in high-rise buildings

Nowadays, due to the maximum use of building lands, high-rise buildings in the cities are coming to the forefront of construction. A high-rise building is a building that, due to its height, requires a different technical, technological and structural design. Due to the increasing floors of buildings, more and more demands are placed on sanitary installations in terms of hygiene and quality of distribution. With the drainage in a high-rise building, the biggest problem arises in the design of stacks, which must be given individual attention. Foul water stacks must be designed in such a way that the overpressure and negative pressure created in them do not cause the extraction of water from traps and thus the spread of unpleasant smell in the building. Fluctuations in the pressure in stacks are influenced by many other factors, such as the method of venting of the stack, the fitting used on the stack, or the transition of the stack to the drain. When dimensioning stacks in addition to the correct design, it is also necessary to use a suitable system, which significantly affects the investment costs. A properly chosen system can save a lot of money that could arise from excessive dimensions, unnecessary fire protection systems, or anchorages. The paper deals with a theoretical analysis of modern technical solutions that positively affect pressure fluctuations in waste water pipes in high-rise buildings.

A Comprehensive Analysis of the Metal–Nitrile Bonding in an Organo-Diiron System

Nitriles (N≡CR) are ubiquitous in coordination chemistry, yet literature studies on metal–nitrile bonding based on a multi-technique approach are rare. We selected an easily-available di-organoiron framework, containing both π-acceptor (CO, aminocarbyne) and donor (Cp = η5−C5H5) ligands, as a suitable system to provide a comprehensive description of the iron–nitrile bond. Thus, the new nitrile (2–12)CF3SO3 and the related imine/amine complexes (8–9)CF3SO3 were synthesized in 58–83% yields from the respective tris-carbonyl precursors (1a–d)CF3SO3, using the TMNO strategy (TMNO = trimethylamine-N-oxide). The products were fully characterized by elemental analysis, IR (solution and solid state) and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. In addition, the structures of (2)CF3SO3, (3)CF3SO3, (5)CF3SO3 and (11)CF3SO3 were ascertained by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Salient spectroscopic data of the nitrile complexes are coherent with the scale of electron-donor power of the R substituents; otherwise, this scale does not match the degree of Fe → N π-back-donation and the Fe–N bond energies, which were elucidated in (2–7)CF3SO3 by DFT calculations.

Influence of Microencapsulation on Fermentative Behavior of Hanseniaspora osmophila in Wine Mixed Starter Fermentation

In recent years, as a consequence of the re-evaluation of the role of non-Saccharomyces yeasts, several studies have been conducted on the use of controlled mixed fermentations with Saccharomyces and different non-Saccharomyces yeast species from the winemaking environment. To benefit from the metabolic particularities of some non-Saccharomyces yeasts, the management of a non-Saccharomyces strain in mixed fermentation is a crucial step, in particular the use of procedures addressed to increase the persistence of non-Saccharomyces strains during the fermentative process. The use of microencapsulation for cell immobilization might represent a strategy for enhancing the competitiveness of non-Saccharomyces yeasts during mixed fermentation. This study was aimed to assess the fermentative performance of a mixed starter culture, composed by a wild Hanseniaspora osmophila strain (ND1) and a commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain (EC1118). For this purpose, free and microencapsulated cells of ND1 strain were tested in co-culture with EC1118 during mixed fermentations in order to evaluate the effect of the microencapsulation on fermentative behavior of mixed starter and final wine composition. The data have shown that H. osmophila cell formulation affects the persistence of both ND1 and EC1118 strains during fermentations and microencapsulation resulted in a suitable system to increase the fermentative efficiency of ND1 strain during mixed starter fermentation.

DIGITALIZATION IN CONSTRUCTION: BLOCKCHAIN APPLICABILITY IN THE INDUSTRY

Blockchain, as a Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), could disrupt the traditional hierarchy way in which information is shared and processes are developed in the construction industry. The fragmentation of people, processes and contracts has been considered as the main responsible for the sector negative trend. The information asymmetry characterizing the dynamics of the processes denies both the information traceability and the disciplines interoperability. The recent digital transformation boosted by Building Information Modeling (BIM) has promised a more transparent and collaborative environment. However, its adoption has gradually shown some trust issues in the information flow, discouraging participants from collaborating to achieve project goals. For these reasons, the research explores Blockchain in the construction industry, highlighting its potentials in supporting transparent, reliable and distributed information sharing. In particular, the research intends to combine the features of the digitalization, namely BIM and Blockchain, in the industry. To accomplish this, the first goal consists of an overall literature review on the current level of the Blockchain investigation in the built environment. Secondly, based on that analysis, two proposals for potential application of Blockchain in AECO sector are presented. This preliminary exploration intends to endorse Blockchain as a suitable system for governing the trust issues, supporting an efficient contract execution and a better sharing of all project information.

A MODEL PROPOSAL FOR SELECTING THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

The choice of the structural system that crosses any space is the basic building design problem. Developments in building technology and materials science have provided innovative solutions to the problem of crossing space. In previous studies, criteria have been examined in the selection of structural systems, but it has not been clarified according what / how to choose the product. To cross any specified space with the most suitable system and material is still a complicated process. In this study, it is aimed to choose the most suitable system by include decision makers into the model to minimize the possible losses. In the proposed method, selection criteria were created from the distinguishing features of the systems and intermittent scale method was used while determining the criteria values. A decision mechanism is created by evaluating these criteria values with the percentages set by the user. In this way, it has been observed that the selection process gives fast results as it is handled systematically, and it also provides flexible selection opportunities because it places the preferences in the foreground. The model can be used for develop material selection for structure, and this differentiation can be utilized as base study for future research. For complex product selection can be developed a software.

Design and Development of Forklift

In this research work, the Forklift was carried out. The forklift has the following parts, base plate, battery, vertical column, horizontal arm, roller, hook, nuts and bolts, crank plate, lever arm and DC motors. It was designed for load of 50 to 100 kg capacities and the development of suitable system configuration having movable wheel attached base. The performance of this forklift was satisfactory and can be used in the laboratory and industry.