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2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stina Lundberg ◽  
Erika Roman ◽  
Richard L. Bell

Initial contact with alcohol generally occurs during adolescence, and high consumption during this period is associated with increased risk for later alcohol (AUDs) and/or substance use disorders (SUDs). Rodents selectively bred for high or low alcohol consumption are used to identify behavioral characteristics associated with a propensity for high or low voluntary alcohol intake. The multivariate concentric square field™ (MCSF) is a behavioral test developed to study rodents in a semi-naturalistic setting. Testing in the MCSF creates a comprehensive behavioral profile in a single trial. The current aim was to examine the behavioral profiles of adolescent, bidirectionally selectively bred male and female high alcohol-consuming (P and HAD1/2) and low alcohol-consuming (NP and LAD1/2) rat lines, and outbred Wistar rats. Alcohol-naïve rats were tested once in the MCSF at an age between postnatal days 30 and 35. No common behavioral profile was found for either high or low alcohol-consuming rat lines, and the effect of sex was small. The P/NP and HAD2/LAD2 lines showed within pair-dependent differences, while the HAD1/LAD1 lines were highly similar. The P rats displayed high activity and risk-associated behaviors, whereas HAD2 rats displayed low activity, high shelter-seeking behavior, and open area avoidance. The results from P rats parallel clinical findings that denser family history and risk-taking behavior are strong predictors of future AUDs, often with early onset. Contrarily, the HAD2 behavioral profile was similar to individuals experiencing negative emotionality, which also is associated with a vulnerability to develop, often with a later onset, AUDs and/or SUDs.


2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Gisele Gonçalves Bortoleto ◽  
Winston Pinheiro Claro Gomes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Trager ◽  
Reed M Morgan ◽  
Sarah C Boyle ◽  
Francisco Montiel Ishino ◽  
Joseph LaBrie

Social media (SM) users are a combination of several behaviors across platforms. Patterns of SM use across platforms may be a better indicator of risky drinking than individual behaviors or sets of behaviors examined previously. This longitudinal study addressed this gap in the literature using latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify subpopulations of SM users during the college transition (N=319). Indicators included in the LPA were general SM (checking, time spent, and posting to Instagram/Facebook/Snapchat; Finstagram ownership) and alcohol-related posting (alcohol, partying, and marijuana content) behaviors. LPA results revealed three SM user subpopulations at baseline: low general use with low alcohol-related posting (LGU+LAP), and high general use with low alcohol-related posting (HGU+LAP) or high alcohol-related posting (HGU+HAP). Baseline drinking, injunctive norms, and alcohol beliefs were associated with greater odds of HGU+HAP membership. Prospective analyses revealed that HGU+HAP was associated with greater alcohol use and consequences relative to HGU+LAP and LGU+LAP. Results suggest that there are distinct patterns of SM use during the college transition associated with risky drinking that can inform interventions combating SM-related alcohol risks. These findings also illustrate the importance of analyzing multiple SM user behaviors across multiple platforms simultaneously in future studies.


LWT ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 113049
Author(s):  
Jintao Huang ◽  
Yaqin Wang ◽  
Yichen Ren ◽  
Xingnan Wang ◽  
Hongcai Li ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghyun Jee ◽  
Suna Kang ◽  
Sunmin Park

Introduction: Cataracts are associated with the accumulation of galactose and galactitol in the lens. We determined the polygenetic risk scores for the best model(PRSBM) associated with age-related cataract(ARC) risk and their interaction with diets and lifestyles in 40,262 Korean adults aged over 50 years belonged to a hospital-based city cohort. Methods: The genetic variants for ARC risk were selected in lactose and galactose metabolism-related genes with multivariate logistic regression using the PLINK 1.9 version. PRSBM from the selected genetic variants was estimated by generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) after adjusting covariates. The interactions between the PRSBM and each lifestyle factor were determined to modulate ARC risk. Results: The genetic variants for ARC risk related to lactose- and galactose metabolism were SLC2A1_rs3729548, ST3GAL3_rs3791047, LCT_rs2304371, GALNT5_rs6728956, ST6GAL1_rs2268536, GALNT17_rs17058752, CSGALNACT1_rs1994788, GALNTL4_rs10831608, B4GALT6_rs1667288, and A4GALT_ rs9623659. In GMDR, the best model included all ten genetic variants. The highest odds ratio (OR) for a single SNP in the PRSBM was 1.26. However, subjects with a high-PRSBM had a higher ARC risk by 2.1-fold than a low-PRSBM after adjusting for covariates. Carbohydrate, dairy products, kimchi, and alcohol intake interacted with PRSBM for ARC risk: the participants with high-PRSBM had a much higher ARC risk than those with low-PRSBM when consuming diets with high carbohydrate and low dairy product and kimchi intake. However, only with low alcohol intake, the participants with high-PRSBM had a higher ARC risk than those with low-PRSBM. Conclusion: Adults aged >50 years having high-PRSBM may modulate dietary habits to reduce ARC risk.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-525
Author(s):  
Anait Marianian ◽  
Marina Darenskaya ◽  
Lyudmila Grebenkina ◽  
Natalia Protopopova ◽  
Lubov Kolesnikova

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of low or very low amounts of alcohol consumption on the LPO-AOD systems of pregnant women and their infants after birth, and the effect of that exposure on infant, growth, health, and development. Methods and Results: A sample of 201 pregnant women (mother-child dyads) was recruited for the study. Pregnant women were categorized into three groups according to the amount of alcohol they consume: 1) non-drinking, 2) very low drinking, and 3) low drinking. Small amounts of alcohol consumption caused dysfunction of the LPO-AOD system and the development of OS in women, and had negative effects on infants. The biomarkers of potentially harmful LPO, such as TBARs, were higher in very low and low drinking mothers. The activity of the AOD system was lower among mothers who drank alcohol. Alcohol consumption decreased levels of retinol, SOD activity, GSH, and GR activity. Higher rates of pathological conditions, delayed development, and slower growth were observed among infants who were prenatally exposed to alcohol. Conclusion: Identification and preventive interventions are needed for pregnant women who use alcohol in any amount.


Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 304 ◽  
pp. 121339
Author(s):  
Weiqiang Han ◽  
Zhenhua Fan ◽  
Chao Jin ◽  
Guoqiang Tang ◽  
Yao Lu ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Wang ◽  
Siyao Zhou ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Guanghui Shen ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Previous studies suggest that alcohol dependence is associated with depression, however, the effect of alcohol dependence varies from individual to individual, which may be due to different genetic backgrounds. The interactions between alcohol dependence and different gene polymorphisms may finally shape the onset of depression. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), which can maintain homeostasis from high-stress stimulation, may protect individuals from the onset of depression. Here, we explored whether the NPY rs16147 regulates depression in individuals with alcohol dependence during the period of alcohol dependence withdrawal.Methods: A total of 455 males with alcohol dependence were recruited. The scale of MAST and SDS were respectively used to analyze the condition of alcohol dependence and depression. Genomic DNA was extracted from each blood sample and NPY polymorphisms were genotyped. The interaction between NPY rs16147 and alcohol dependence on depression was first analyzed. Then, region of significance analysis was used to confirm which model provided the best fit for the interaction (diathesis-stress or differential susceptibility). Finally, by using internal replication analyses, the accuracy and robustness of the interaction results were improved.Results: Alcohol dependence was positively correlated with depression. CC homozygotes of NPYrs16147 exhibited less depression when exposed to low alcohol dependence, but more depression when exposed to high alcohol dependence. Individuals with the T allele showed the opposite result.Conclusions: NPY rs16147 might be correlated with susceptibility for depression in males during alcohol dependence withdrawal. The findings support the differential susceptibility model.


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