Aroma Perception of Rose Oxide, Linalool and α-Terpineol Combinations in Gewürztraminer Wine

Cis-Rose oxide was found to be an important chiral compound in Gewürztraminer wine, with an enantiomeric ratio range from 76 to 58%. The enantiomeric ratio showed an important influence on white wine aroma when other monoterpenes were present. The aim of this study was to evaluate rose oxide at different ratios and changes to aroma perception, and the interaction of rose oxide with linalool and α-terpineol. A wine model was made based on Gewürztraminer wine. Twelve models were created with different ratios of rose oxide and concentrations of linalool and α-terpineol. Triangle tests, check-all-that-apply (CATA) and descriptive analysis were used to evaluate the aroma of the wines. Results show that the rose oxide ratios of 70:30 and 65:35 were statistically different. Additional descriptive analysis showed that the ratios altered aroma when linalool and α-terpineol were at low and medium concentrations. At high concentrations, linalool and α-terpineol masked any influence from rose oxide. Understanding how monoterpenes alter aroma perception of white wine when at different combinations and concentrations is important to achieving desired wine qualities and helps provide information on how flavor chemistry results can be interpreted without having to run sensory analysis.

Systematic KMTNet Planetary Anomaly Search. II. Six New q < 2 × 10−4 Mass-ratio Planets

We apply the automated AnomalyFinder algorithm of Paper I to 2018–2019 light curves from the ≃13 deg2 covered by the six KMTNet prime fields, with cadences Γ ≥ 2 hr−1. We find a total of 11 planets with mass ratios q < 2 × 10−4, including 6 newly discovered planets, 1 planet that was reported in Paper I, and recovery of 4 previously discovered planets. One of the new planets, OGLE-2018-BLG-0977Lb, is in a planetary caustic event, while the other five (OGLE-2018-BLG-0506Lb, OGLE-2018-BLG-0516Lb, OGLE-2019-BLG-1492Lb, KMT-2019-BLG-0253, and KMT-2019-BLG-0953) are revealed by a “dip” in the light curve as the source crosses the host-planet axis on the opposite side of the planet. These subtle signals were missed in previous by-eye searches. The planet-host separations (scaled to the Einstein radius), s, and planet-host mass ratios, q, are, respectively, (s, q × 105) = (0.88, 4.1), (0.96 ± 0.10, 8.3), (0.94 ± 0.07, 13), (0.97 ± 0.07, 18), (0.97 ± 0.04, 4.1), and (0.74, 18), where the “ ± ” indicates a discrete degeneracy. The 11 planets are spread out over the range − 5 < log q < − 3.7 . Together with the two planets previously reported with q ∼ 10−5 from the 2018–2019 nonprime KMT fields, this result suggests that planets toward the bottom of this mass-ratio range may be more common than previously believed.

Hospital and Operator Variation in Cardiac Rehabilitation Referral and Participation After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Insights From Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Cardiovascular Consortium

BACKGROUND: Despite its established benefit and strong endorsement in international guidelines, cardiac rehabilitation (CR) use remains low. Identifying determinants of CR referral and use may help develop targeted policies and quality improvement efforts. We evaluated the variation in CR referral and use across percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) hospitals and operators. Methods: We performed a retrospective observational cohort study of all patients who underwent PCI at 48 nonfederal Michigan hospitals between January 1, 2012 and March 31, 2018 and who had their PCI clinical registry record linked to administrative claims data. The primary outcomes included in-hospital CR referral and CR participation, defined as at least one outpatient CR visit within 90 days of discharge. Bayesian hierarchical regression models were fit to evaluate the association between PCI hospital and operator with CR referral and use after adjusting for patient characteristics. Results: Among 54 217 patients who underwent PCI, 76.3% received an in-hospital referral for CR, and 27.1% attended CR within 90 days after discharge. There was significant hospital and operator level variation in in-hospital CR referral with median odds ratios of 3.88 (95% credible interval [CI], 3.06–5.42) and 1.64 (95% CI, 1.55–1.75), respectively, and in CR participation with median odds ratios of 1.83 (95% CI, 1.63–2.15) and 1.40 (95% CI, 1.35–1.47), respectively. In-hospital CR referral was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of CR participation (adjusted odds ratio, 1.75 [95% CI, 1.52–2.01]), and this association varied by treating PCI hospital (odds ratio range, 0.92–3.75) and operator (odds ratio range, 1.26–2.82). Conclusions: In-hospital CR referral and 90-day CR use after PCI varied significantly by hospital and operator. The association of in-hospital CR referral with downstream CR use also varied across hospitals and less so across operators suggesting that specific hospitals and operators may more effectively translate CR referrals into downstream use. Understanding the factors that explain this variation will be critical to developing strategies to improve CR participation overall.

Aftermath of anti-police protests in Nigeria: Burden and predictors of psychiatric morbidity among protesters and non-protesters

Objectives: Anti-police (#EndSARS) protests took place in October 2020 across several Nigerian cities, resulting in deaths, injuries and loss of property, but the psychological sequelae of these protests have not been studied. Method: In a cross-sectional online survey, we collected data on psychiatric morbidity and potential risk factors from 426 Nigerian social media users, who self-identified as participants or non-participants in a recent anti-police protest. Results: We found elevated rates of psychiatric morbidity, with worse outcomes for protesters compared to non-protesters (psychological distress [44.2% vs 29.8%], depression [26.0% vs 14.9%], anxiety [51.0% vs 29.8%], post-traumatic stress disorder [7.4% vs 1.8%], current substance use [11.2% vs 4.5%] and suicidal ideation [7.1% vs 4.4%], respectively). After adjusting for the effects of COVID-19 pandemic and previous mental health diagnosis, the predictors of poor mental health among non-protesters were being unmarried (odds ratio = 7.4, p = 0.01) and low resilience (odds ratio range = 4.1–5.4, p < 0.03) while for the protesters, the predictors were low resilience (odds ratio range = 2.9–4.7, p < 0.01), being from Northern Nigeria (odds ratio = 4.7, p < 0.01) or residing in Northern Nigeria (odds ratio = 2.8, p = 0.03), being under-/unemployed (odds ratio range = 2.1–2.5, p < 0.04), holding the view that the protest was caused by the state of the economy (odds ratio = 2.0, p = 0.01), belief that the protest had a direct negative impact on the protester (odds ratio = 2.3, p = 0.04) and willingness to participate in future protests (odds ratio = 4.13, p = 0.02). Conclusion: We conclude that participating in the #EndSARS protest was associated with significant psychiatric morbidity. There is need to recognise and address the mental health sequelae of collective actions, and invest in programmes that build resilience and address socio-political determinants of mental health, especially with a focus on youth.

The effect of magnetic field variations in a mixture of coconut oil and jatropha on flame stability and characteristics on the premixed combustion

This study investigates the effect of attracting and repels magnetic fields with the materials of vegetable oil in the form of a mixture of coconut oil and jatropha (B50) against the behavior of stability and characteristics of flame in the process of premixed burning. The fuel for a mixture of vegetable oil of 600 ml was filled into the boiler heated with a gas stove to be evaporated at a temperature of 300 °C and 3 bar pressure was kept constant was mixed with air from the compressor in the burner room. Then a flame was ignited at the end of the nozzle to form a diffusion flame, the flame formed was then given north (N) and south (S). The results showed that the flame speed of the attractive magnetic field was 52.22 cm/sec, the repulsive magnetic field was 50.49 cm/sec while without a magnetic field was 49.79 cm/sec. The increase in the laminar flame speed in the attractive magnetic field is caused by the electron spin becoming more energetic and due to the change in the spin of the hydrogen proton from para to ortho. The attractive magnetic field has the strongest effect on increasing the flame speed. This makes the flame more stable in the equivalency ratio range of 0.75–1.17 compared to without a magnetic field in the same equivalency ratio range. This was so because O2 where it is in nature of paramagnetic was pumped more crossing the flame from south to north poles whereas the heat brought by H2O in nature of diamagnetic was pumped more crossing north to south poles. Whereas on the repel magnetic field, it was hotter when brought by H2O pumped into the flame whereas O2 tended to be pumped going out of the flame. This caused the combustion in the flame was smaller and the reaction was not maximum. As a consequence, the laminar flame speed was more lacking and the reaction was not to the fullest. As a consequence, the laminar flame speed in the repel was fewer than the attract magnetic field

Analysis and Design of Centrifugal Blowers for the Pressure Ratio Range 1.2 - 1.8

Centrifugal/centrifugal compressor designs within pressure ratio range of 2.0–4.0 have well-established guidelines for most common gases, and it is possible to determine optimum compressor geometry for numerous applications as characterized by specific speed or flow coefficient. Specific speed can be correlated to various combinations of inlet tip-exit diameter ratio, inlet hub-tip diameter ratio, blade exit back-sweep, and inlet-tip absolute tangential velocity for solid body pre-whirl. For centrifugal compressors in the pressure ratio range of 1.2–1.8, commonly known as blowers, there lacks organized and systematic optimum design procedures. Blowers, among many others uses, are widely used in HVAC, and provide air for ventilation and industrial process requirements. Due to broad applications in industry, blowers comprise an important sub-group of turbomachinery. This paper provides analysis and design data for blowers in the pressure ratio range of 1.2–1.8. Specific speed is determined from the data provided, and accurate correlations to possible achievable maximum efficiencies are established within a good operational range. Furthermore, plots of impeller exit flow angle, inlet tip-exit diameter ratio, inlet hub-tip diameter ratio, head coefficient, and blade exit back-sweep are provided over a range of specific speeds for various tip speeds to permit rapid selection of optimum blower size and shape for a variety of applications. The design procedure follows a method that enables efficient blade passage sizing. When the blower inlet and outlet velocities, diameters, blade widths, and blade angles are determined and fixed, the blade passage and profile will be sized by applying an energy, momentum, and continuity balance analysis. The application of these equations equates the proper pressure and velocity distribution throughout the blower impeller. Generally, the passage is designed to accommodate an optimum prescribed diffusion rate.

Influence of Cavity Width on Attenuation Characteristic of Gas Explosion Wave

This study aimed to investigate the influence of cavity width on the attenuation characteristic of gas explosion wave. Attenuation mechanism of gas explosion wave through cavity was obtained by numerical simulation. The gas explosion shock wave energy can be greatly attenuated through the cavity structure in five stages, namely, plane wave, expansion, oblique reflection, Mach reflection, and reflection stack, to ensure that it is eliminated. Cavities with various width sizes, namely, 500 ∗ 300 ∗ 200, 500 ∗ 500 ∗ 200, and 500 ∗ 800 ∗ 200 (length ∗ width ∗ height, unit: mm), were experimented to further investigate the attenuation characteristics through a self-established large-size pipe gas explosion experimental system with 200 mm diameter and 36 m length. Results showed an evident attenuation effect on flame duration light intensity (FDLI) and peak overpressure with increasing cavity width. Compared with 300 mm, the overall FDLI decreased by 83.0%, and the peak overpressure decreased by 71.2% when the cavity width was 800 mm. The fitting curves of the FDLI and peak overpressure attenuation factors to width-diameter demonstrated that the critical width-diameter was 2.19 when the FDLI attenuation factor was 1. The FDLI attenuation factor sharply decreased at the width-diameter ratio range from 1.5 to 2.5 and basically remained steady at 0.17 at the width-diameter ratio range from 2.7 to 4.0. The peak overpressure attenuation factor gradually decreased with the increase of width-diameter ratio and changed from 0.93 to 0.28 with width-diameter ratio from 1.5 to 4.0. The research results can serve as a good reference for the design of gas explosion wave-absorbing structures.

Formation of double emulsion micro-droplets in a microfluidic device using a partially hydrophilic–hydrophobic surface

(a) Droplet encapsulation efficiency & inner and outer diameters of water-in-oil-in-water droplets at various frequency ratios and flow rate ratios and (b) Images of water-in-oil-in-water droplets over a frequency-ratio range of fr = 0.73–1.30

Влияние динамического напора и молекулярного веса газа на смешение при инжекции струй в поперечный сверхзвуковой поток

The results of a computational study of turbulent supersonic flows in a channel with a backward-facing step are presented, taking into account crossflow injection of argon and hydrogen jets. The calculations are performed at Mach number M = 4 at the channel entrance under the real flight conditions, which were realized in experiments in a hot-shot aerodynamic facility. The comparison of the flowfields is carried out for jet-to-freestream momentum ratio range J = 1 ÷ 6. It is shown that the degree of mixing, estimated from the uniformity index, increases with J increasing and with an increase in the molecular weight of the injected gas at the same J.

Perspective: Characterization of Dietary Supplements Containing Calcium and Magnesium and Their Respective Ratio—Is a Rising Ratio a Cause for Concern?

ABSTRACT Low magnesium intakes coupled with high calcium intakes and high calcium-to-magnesium (Ca:Mg) intake ratios have been associated with increased risk for multiple chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome, as well as some cancers (colorectal, prostate, esophageal), and total mortality. A high dietary Ca:Mg ratio (&gt;2.60) may affect body magnesium status while, on the other hand, high intakes of magnesium could adversely impact individuals with an exceedingly low dietary Ca:Mg ratio (&lt;1.70). Thus, a Ca:Mg ratio range of 1.70–2.60 (weight to weight) has been proposed as an optimum range. Data from NHANES surveys have shown the mean Ca:Mg intake ratio from foods alone for US adults has been &gt;3.00 since 2000. One-third of Americans consume a magnesium supplement with a mean dose of 146 mg/d, and 35% of Americans consume a calcium supplement with a mean dose of 479 mg/d. Our review of Ca:Mg ratios in dietary supplements sold in the United States and listed in NIH's Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) found a mean ratio of 2.90 across all calcium- and magnesium-containing products, with differences by product form. The ratios ranged from a low of 0.10 in liquid products to a high of 48.5 in powder products. Thirty-one percent of products fell below, 40.5% fell within, and 28.3% fell above the ratio range of 1.70–2.60. Our findings of calculated Ca:Mg ratios from dietary supplements coupled with food-intake data suggest that, in individuals with high calcium intakes from diet and/or supplements, magnesium supplementation may be warranted to establish a more favorable dietary Ca:Mg ratio in their total diet. Additional research may provide greater insight into whether the Ca:Mg ratio is a biomarker of interest for moderating chronic disease and which population groups may derive benefit from moderating that ratio.