electrical methods
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Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Emil Grigorov ◽  
Boris Kirov ◽  
Marin B. Marinov ◽  
Vassil Galabov

Cell lysis is a process in which the outer cell membrane is broken to release intracellular constituents in a way that important information about the DNA or RNA of an organism can be obtained. This article is a thorough review of reported methods for the achievement of effective cellular boundaries disintegration, together with their technological peculiarities and instrumental requirements. The different approaches are summarized in six categories: chemical, mechanical, electrical methods, thermal, laser, and other lysis methods. Based on the results derived from each of the investigated reports, we outline the advantages and disadvantages of those techniques. Although the choice of a suitable method is highly dependent on the particular requirements of the specific scientific problem, we conclude with a concise table where the benefits of every approach are compared, based on criteria such as cost, efficiency, and difficulty.


Author(s):  
Peter A. Henderson

Quantitative methods for taking sediment, soil, and litter samples, together with the different approaches and apparatus to extract the animals, are described. Mechanical methods discussed include wet and dry sieving, flotation, and elutriation. Behavioural or dynamic methods such as Berlese and Baermann funnels are described. Chemical and electrical methods to drive animals from cover are described, and the efficiency of the different extraction techniques is reviewed.


Author(s):  
Jennifer Woods ◽  
Jan K. Shearer

Abstract This chapter discusses topics relative to euthanasia, including indications for euthanasia, methods to be applied, how to confirm unconsciousness and death and the human side of euthanasia as it applies to emotional and psychological well-being. Electrical methods, inhalants and the use of firefighting foam for poultry are also covered.


Author(s):  
Héctor López Loera

One of the most important problems in arid and semi-arid zones in the Mexican Mesa Central is the one related to the exploration and exploitation of groundwater. It is found at depths over 200 m, and movement is primarily through fractures. This work presents a geophysical methodology, which shows the potential of combining natural and induced methods to locate confined aquifers in fault zones. The study begins by interpreting the aeromagnetic survey, mainly by searching alignments associated with low magnetic anomalies, which are correlated with faults zones, and/or fractures and/or geologic contacts where ferromagnetic minerals have undergone oxidation due to their association with recharged zones. These aeromagnetic alignments are confirmed on land by a ground magnetic survey. Based on these interpretations, electrical methods include sections and vertical electrical sounding are used to verify if the zones are correlated to the underground moisture. If both permeability and moisture are met together, then they considered as zones with a high probability of locating ground water in the Mexican Mesa Central.


2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscillia Egbelehulu ◽  
Abu Mallam ◽  
Naeem Abdulsalam ◽  
Taiwo Adewumi

AbstractThis paper focuses on the review of electrical geophysical methods such as electrical resistivity and induced polarization as a technique for mineral exploration. It highlights the general fundamental principles of the electrical methods and result from other investigations. Most rock – forming minerals are insulators, and electrical current is carried through rocks mainly by the passage of ions in pore waters. In light of this, most rocks conduct electricity by electrolytic rather than electronic processes. Since metals and most metallic sulphides conduct electricity efficiently by the flow of electrons, electrical method is efficient and important in environmental investigation especially in areas where metallic objects are the targets and also in the search for sulphide ores. The results from various research showed the applicability of these geophysical ground methods, specially the Induce Polarization method, as a support tool in the identification and selection of exploration targets for test drilling.


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