georgian population
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2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-458
Author(s):  
Viktor V. Bolshakov ◽  
Alexander A. Prokin ◽  
Sergey V. Artemenko

The karyotype features and gene COI sequence of Chironomus heteropilicornis Wülker, 1996 from the Gydan Peninsula are presented for the first time. Nine banding sequences were determined, eight of them hpiA2, hpiB1, hpiC1, hpiC2, hpiD1, hpiE1, hpiF3 and hpiG1 were previously known from European, Georgian (South Caucasus) and Siberian populations. One new banding sequence for Ch. heteropilicornis, hpiB2, was found. The hpiA2 banding sequence was found in all individuals, and this is its second finding after the Georgian population (Karmokov 2019). The hpiF3 banding sequence was found only in the homozygous state. Additional B-chromosomes are absent. The genetic distances (K2P) between Ch. heteropilicornis COI gene sequence from Gydan Peninsula and Norway are 1.1­–1.3%, and Georgia – 1.8%, much lower than the commonly accepted threshold of 3% for species of genus Chironomus Meigen, 1803. The phylogenetic tree for COI gene sequences estimated by Bayesian inference showed geographically determined clusters of Norway and Gydan and a separate lineage of the Georgian population of Ch. heteropilicornis. The analysis of karyotype and COI gene sequences shows that the population of Ch. heteropilicornis from the Gydan Peninsula has an intermediate position within the Ch. pilicornis group between Georgian, Yakutian and Norwegian populations. The position of Ch. pilicornis Fabricius, 1787 from Canada and Greenland on the phylogenetic tree is discussed.


Author(s):  
Nino Mindiashvili ◽  
Nana Kutsia

Theories of traumatic memory are uniquely topical in modern theoretical discourse, Collective trauma is a complex of psychological sensations, which is formed in witnesses or participants of tragic events, who have to deal with psychological stigma. Theoretical framework about the collective trauma is relevant to events that have taken place in Georgia, as the epochal tragedy has changed ethnic and cultural environment in Abkhazia and Tskhinvali Region. As the subject of research, we have defined the almanacs reflecting Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-Ossetian (provoked by the third force) conflicts: 14 Gigabytes and Halleluiah. Uniqueness of 14 Gigabytes is reasoned by the concept set by the editor (Nana Gaprindashvili) and the complier of the almanac (Tea Kalandia) – 14 narrators tell about the Abkhazian episode of Russian-Georgian war. Personal stories create the monumental canvas-reflection of the feelings of youth who have been deprived of childhood. Authors of the poetic almanac Halleluiah published in 2018, under the editorship of Mzia Khetaguri, are united under refugee stigma, pain caused by losing homes, trauma, which marks each of the texts like an unhealed wound. It must be emphasized that in none of the researched authors’ texts reflects hostility or aggression towards “conflicting sides” or even the main provoking power – Russia. The presented discourse allows us to confirm the research hypothesis: conflicts provoked by Russia have forced Georgian population of Abkhazia and Tskhinvali Region to leave their homes, to go through the horrors of war. Refugees have to deal with the stigma of being refugees and grave experience of collective trauma, which is creatively transformed, reflexed in the almanacs 14 Gigabytes and Halleluiah.


2021 ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
L. E. MENABDISHVILI ◽  
N. E. MENABDISHVILI ◽  
N. A. GOMELAURI

The following papers deals with self-preserving behaviour in the period of a global problem — COVID-19 pandemic. Positive self-preserving behaviour determines the level of health of an individual and, consequently, of a society. In the period of the pandemic we have witnessed an increased interest toward self-preserving behaviour. Apart from observing private hygiene or hygiene norms and social distancing, there were no other protective mechanisms during the process of the research, and vaccination has not yet begun. As a result of the urgency of the issue, the staff s of Institute Demography and Sociology Ilia State University under the guidance of professor A. Sulaberidze have conducted a sociological research in October 2020, “Awareness of the corona virus pandemic’s impact on the social-economic situation of Georgian population and self-preservative behaviour”, in four regions of Georgia. Th e regions were selected based on the level of the coronavirus’s proliferation. Respondents were selected using the method of random sampling. We interviewed 500 respondents with the help of pre-composed questionnaires. Th e following research is one of the attempts in Georgia to study self-preserving behaviour under the circumstances of the pandemic and it shows us to what extent the population’s self-pre-serving behaviour is directed toward defense against the coronavirus. One of the main functions of a state is to prevent the spread of diseases and protect its population from harmful infl uence of environmental factors. In this regard, the state has implemented signifi cant measures; however, they are not suffi cient as the joint eff orts of the state and each citizen determine the robustness of a country’s population as well as the scope of a pandemic’s proliferation. Our goal is to evaluate the eff orts of the citizens, as for our objectives, we aim to ascertain the factors which seem auspicious and adverse for the mentioned eff orts. Th e analysis of the research’s results outlined important diff erences between genders with regard to evaluating one’s own health and selfpreserving behaviour. Th e researchers had also shown that men value their health more highly and take care of it less. Th is tendency is immutable even when self-preserving behaviour signifi cantly determines not only the possibility of one’s own infection, but also of those surrounding us. Women respondents are more prone to observe every recommendation of epidemiologists than men. Th e level of population’s awareness is high with respect to the symptoms of the infection as well as recommendations for self-protection and the existing infection situation in the country. Th e dissimilar levels of infection between various regions gave us varying indicators of awareness. Th e higher the infection rate, the higher the awareness rate. Th e respondents’ health condition signifi cantly determines the population’s attitude toward the coronavirus infection. Self-assessment of one’s health condition has an impact on the level of fear caused by the pandemic. Th e respondents with chronic ailments are more liable to express fear than those who evaluate their health highly. Th e perception of the risks associated with the coronavirus infection is diff erent in terms of sexes. Compared to men, women, on average, perceive the coronavirus threat and its subsequent problems more emotionally and give a lower assessment to their health condition. Th e population’s fear of the pandemic is exacerbated by the fact that this viral infection has not been adequately studied yet and we are not aware of its future repercussions or complications. Therefore, those respondents who are fully healthy also express justifi able apprehension. Th ere emerged a proportionate connection between the level of following the epidemiologists’ re co mmendations and perception of the threat of the COVID infection. The more seriously people perceive the mentioned threat, the more eager they are to fulfi ll the epidemiologists’ recommendations.


Author(s):  
VAZHA GVANTSELADZE ◽  
NANA GVANTSELADZE

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of heartburn and nausea in patients with various forms of chronic gastritis in the Georgian population, how often, in terms of character, intensity and interrelationship, taking into account the histomorphological and morphometric changes in the topographic area of ​​the gastric mucosa, as well as taking into account the parameters of gastric juice secretion parameters. For this purpose, we examined 172 patients with chronic gastritis who were admitted to our therapeutic unit due to disease exacerbation. The analysis of the material revealed two main forms of chronic gastritis: the first chronic pangastritis of varying severity (diffuse antral and fundal gastritis) 141–81.9% and the second chronic gastritis with fundic glands hyperplasia (31–18.02%). The analysis showed that episodes of heartburn were detected in cases of different forms of chronic gastritis, with the highest frequency in patients with form II [chronic gastritis (chronic gastritis with fundic glands hyperplasia)] from 31 cases of chronic form I 18-(58.06%), than in chronic gastritis I form (chronic pangastritis 47-(33.33%) of 141 cases). As regards the frequency of bloating in 47-(33.33%) of 141 patients with form of gastritis I, and 14-(45.16%) in 31 cases of the second form of chronic gastritis. Examination of patients' anamnesis revealed that most patients were not adequately treated, because they were not properly diagnosed in time, which is an important contributing factor to disease progression, complications and heartburn episodes, impaired quality of life, and reduced quality of life.


2021 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. S34
Author(s):  
Sophio Kakriashvili ◽  
Ann Margvelashvili ◽  
Zurab Artmeladze ◽  
Alexandre Pateishvili ◽  
Maria Nikuradze ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
VAZHA GVANTSELADZE ◽  
NANA GNANTSELADZE

The aim of the study was to study the frequency and nature of episodes of heartburn and bloating in patients with duodenal and gastric ulcers in the Georgian population, considering the histomorphological and morphometric changes of the gastric mucosa and the parameters of gastric secretion. At the same time, we were interested in analyzing patients' anamnesis before being hospitalized for the last 2 months. The analysis of the material showed that incidence of heartburn episodes in the Georgian population is clearly higher in patients with peptic ulcer disease 12 - (79.9%) than in patients with gastric ulcer (9 - 31.9%). Episodes of heartburn in these patients are characterized not only by increasing of rate (more than 50 episodes), both day and night, but the intensity and duration (which is due to abnormal gastroesophageal reflux). This is a high risk for the occurrence of heartburn episodes. As for bloating, it was detected in patients with duodenal ulcer (11–26.2%), in gastric ulcer 11– (32.9%). The main pathogenetic aspects of heartburn episodes were found to be diffuse fundal glands hyperplasia and high acidity (duodenal ulcer and pyloric anterior ulcer). It was also found that a large percentage of patients were not treated properly, leading to impaired ability to work and changes in quality of life and disease progression.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-29
Author(s):  
Maia Margvelashvili ◽  

The present study is focused on the sport, physical exercise, and their role in the public health of Georgia. In this paper, the situation created by the COVID-19 global pandemic and its negative consequences on the physical or mental health of individuals was not considered, as at this stage, as the pandemic is not yet about to recede, it is too early to draw any far-reaching conclusions. Life after the pandemic will be quite different, but the significance of sports and physical activity for human health will probably become more in the spotlight. The paper discusses the low participation in physical activity of the population in Georgia as the risk factor for non-contagious diseases, as well as explains and analysis many reasons for such low engagement. Finally, the paper provides some recommendations, which in the author's opinion, will be beneficial for achieving growth of participation of the Georgian population in mass sport and physical activities.


Author(s):  
Giorgi Gogishvili Giorgi Gogishvili ◽  
Shalva Petriashvili Shalva Petriashvili ◽  
Nino Nanobashvili Nino Nanobashvili ◽  
Nino Megrelishvili Nino Megrelishvili ◽  
Iamze Taboridze Iamze Taboridze

Objective: Impaired lipoprotein metabolism is a significant and modifiable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Aim: The aim of our study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of lipid profile indices in young adults in Georgian population. Methods: Under our observation were 107 patients with ischemic heart disease, aged 18-45 years, From the St. John The Merciful Private Clinic contingent. Examination: anamnesis, cardiography, echocardiography, coronography, blood lipid metabolism. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), Triglycerides (TG), mmol/L) and lipid indices -TC-HDL/HDL, TG /HDL, and LDL/HDL Results: With IHD for young adults, TC-HDL/HDL distinguished by good sensitivity and sufficient specificity, TG /HDL - bad sensitivity and very excellent specificity, LDL/HDL - sufficient sensitivity and good specificity, With IHD, for TC-HDL/HDL Cut off=2.29, for TG /HDL, cut off=2.76 and for LDL/HDL - 2.17 High lipid indices on these data indicate a high risk of ischemic heart disease. Conclusion: lipid indices TC-HDL/HDL, TG /HDL, and LDL/HDL can be used for the primary diagnosis of ischemic heart disease in young adults. Keywords: risk factors IHD, dyslipidemia.


2020 ◽  
pp. 46-46
Author(s):  
I. Korinteli ◽  
M. Javakhadze ◽  
K. Pagava

Background. High incidence and lethality of infectious disease is an actual problem of the 21st century medicine. Infectious diseases are one of the most common causes of morbidity worldwide. Untreatable bacterial infections with the current available antibiotics lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Antimicrobials are the most commonly prescribed drugs in the community and hospital setting. However, inappropriate use of antibiotics in recent years has particularly increased the number of antibiotic-resistant strains. Antimicrobial resistance is a significant global health threat. Without effective antimicrobials, much of the progress made in fighting infectious disease would be lost. The recent rise in resistance to these critical medicines is therefore extremely worrisome. Objective. To study epidemiological and clinical aspects of antibiotics using in Georgia. Materials and methods. The study was retrospective-prospective. We used ATC/DDD methodology for epidemiological research of antibiotic using in the country and it held 2011-2019. According to this methodology, we calculate defined daily doses of antibiotics per 1000 inhibitors (DID). The point prevalence survey was performed in 2017-2019 in Georgian hospitals for clinical research. Results and discussion. In last year increased antibiotic using in Georgian population. The lowest rate was in 2014 (19 DID) and the highest in 2019 (37 DID). The most commonly used antibiotics in Georgia are ceftriaxone, amoxicillin / clavulanic acid, azithromycin and ciprofloxacin. Frequency of antibiotic treatment in Georgian hospitals ranges between 77.6 % (2017) and 86.1 % (2019). The use of third generation cephalosporin ranges between 61.9 % (2017) and 59.6 % (2019). From the clinical aspects of antibiotic therapy, it is noteworthy that prevalence of antibiotic using in Georgian clinics is high and ranged from 77.6 % (2017) to 86.1 % (2019). Antibacterial prophylactic decreased and ranged from 38.3 % (2017) to 20.3 % (2019). Antibiotic selection according to guidelines on the most frequent nosology ranges between 73.8 % (2017) and 69.2 % (2019). Empirical antibiotic therapy decreased in last years and ranges between 92.2 % (2017) and 69.2 % (2019). Conclusions. Increasing rate of antibiotic using in Georgian population and high use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in remarkable. In hospitals, antibiotics are prescribing according to the national or intra hospital guidelines, but there prevalence rate is high. Patient histories included information about general criteria of starting antibiotic therapy. Stop or review date of antibiotic treatment after 72 h in poorly presented. We think that it is very important to continue epidemiological and clinical research for future. Also update or developed new guidelines will be perfect way for optimization.


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